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A total of 99 volatile organic compound(VOC) species were detected the Langfang development zones based on continuous monitoring using a ZF-PKU-1007 between August 25 and September 30, 2018. The concentrations, reactivity, and sources of VOCs were studied under different O3 concentrations using compositional analysis. The results showed that the average VOCs concentration during the research period was(75.17±38.67)×10-9, and was(112.33±30.96)×10-9, (66.25±34.84)×10-9 on pollution days and cleaning days, respectively(VOCs concentrations were 69.6% higher on pollution days). The contribution of VOCs species to the ozone formation potential(OFP) were ranked in the order aldehydes > aromatics > alkenes > alkanes. In the case of L·OH, the main contributions were from aromatics(30.0%) and alkenes(25.8%) on pollution days, while the contribution from aromatic alkenes(29.8%) was a slightly higher than aromatics(28.0%) on cleaning days. By applying the positive matrix factorization(PMF) model, five major VOCs sources were extracted, namely vehicle emissions(34.4%), solvent usage and evaporation(31.7%), the petrochemical industry(15.7%), combustion(11.1%), and plant emissions(7.9%). The contributions of solvent usage and evaporation and plant emission sources on pollution days were 13.1% and 1.2% higher than on cleaning days, respectively, which was likely due to relatively higher temperatures on these days. Therefore, vehicle emissions and solvent usage and evaporation should be priorities in VOCs control strategies for the Langfang development zones between August to September.
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Contaminantes Atmosféricos , Ozono , Compuestos Orgánicos Volátiles , Contaminantes Atmosféricos/análisis , China , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Ozono/análisis , Emisiones de Vehículos/análisis , Compuestos Orgánicos Volátiles/análisisRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Closure of traumatic macular hole (TMH) can be achieved spontaneously or by surgical intervention. Thus far, there exist no prospective comparative studies that have analyzed the difference between the two modalities. This study aimed to compare the anatomical and visual recovery of eyes with TMH following either an immediate vitrectomy or six-month observation. METHODS: This was a multicenter prospective comparative study. Eight centers participated in the study. Patient data from 40 eyes with a recent history of blunt ocular trauma and newly formed full-thickness TMH were recruited in this study. The participating patients selected between an early vitrectomy or a six-month observation after a doctor explained the potential benefits and risks of both strategies in an unbiased manner. Twenty-five patients underwent an immediate vitrectomy, and 15 patients received six-month observation. Patients were assessed by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). RESULTS: Closure rates were 66.7% for the observational group, and 100% for the surgical group (P=0.002). There were no vision-threatening ocular complications in both groups. For the observational group, the mean closure time was 2.5±1.6 months, and 80% of the hole closure occurred within 3 months; cystic edema on the edge of the hole at baseline was significantly more frequent in the non-closed subgroup than in the closed subgroup (P=0.03). There were no significant differences in the foveal microstructure and in the final visual outcome between the spontaneously closed cases and the surgically closed cases. CONCLUSIONS: TMH had a moderately high incidence of spontaneous closure, but an immediate vitrectomy achieved an even higher closure rate. Vitrectomy was effective and safe to treat TMH, while a 3-month observation for spontaneous closure may be an alternative modality for TMH management. Cystic edema on the edge of the hole may be an unfavorable factor for the spontaneous closure of TMH.
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Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) results in inflammation, and glucocorticoids have been proven to be effective inhibitors of ICHinduced inflammation. However, the precise underlying mechanisms of ICHinduced inflammation and glucocorticoid function remain largely undefined. Using a mouse ICH model, the present study demonstrated that the short noncoding RNA molecule microRNA155 (miR155) is involved in the inflammatory process initiated by ICH in mice. Increased mRNA expression levels of miR155, as well as the proinflammatory cytokines interferonß (IFNß), tumor necrosis factorα (TNFα) and interleukin6 (IL6), were observed in vivo following ICH. By contrast, the expression level of suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) protein was reduced in the ICH group compared with control mice. Similar results were observed in vitro using astrocytes, the primary effector cells in ICH. Compared with wild type astrocytes, astrocytes overexpressing miR155 exhibited significant inhibition of SOCS1 protein expression levels. These results suggest that miR155 contributes to the development of ICHinduced inflammation in mice by downregulating SOCS1 protein expression levels and promoting proinflammatory cytokine (IFNß, TNFα and IL6) production. Expression levels of miR155 and proinflammatory cytokines in the ICH group were significantly decreased following dexamethasone administration. This suggests that glucocorticoids attenuate ICHinduced inflammation by targeting the miR155/SOCS1 signaling pathway in mice. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrated that the miR155/SOCS1 signaling pathway is required for ICHinduced inflammation, and glucocorticoids inhibit this process by targeting the miR155/SOCS1 signaling pathway.
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Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Hemorragia Cerebral/complicaciones , Dexametasona/uso terapéutico , Glucocorticoides/uso terapéutico , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , MicroARNs/metabolismo , Animales , Células Cultivadas , Hemorragia Cerebral/tratamiento farmacológico , Hemorragia Cerebral/inmunología , Hemorragia Cerebral/metabolismo , Inflamación/inmunología , Masculino , Ratones Endogámicos ICR , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Proteína 1 Supresora de la Señalización de Citocinas/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Purpose. To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of focal choroidal excavation (FCE) concurrent with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) using multimodal imaging. Methods. This was a retrospective single-institution study. Clinical features and multimodal imaging findings were analyzed in eyes with CSC and FCEs, using imaging methods including optical coherence tomography (OCT), OCT angiography (OCTA), fluorescein angiography (FA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), fundus autofluorescence (FAF), and multispectral imaging. Results. Seventeen patients (4.8%) with 21 FCEs (19 eyes) were found among 351 consecutive Chinese patients with CSC. Chronic CSC represented 47.1% of those cases. Window defects in 12 lesions identified through FA and hypoautofluorescence in 13 lesions identified through FAF revealed retinal pigment epithelial attenuation. Choroidal hemodynamic disturbances characterized by localized filling defects at the excavation and circumferential hyperperfusion were validated by both ICGA and OCTA, which were similar to the angiographic features of normal chronic CSC. The hyperreflective tissue beneath FCE, observed on B-scan OCT, presented as intensive choroidal flow signals on OCTA. Conclusions. FCE is not uncommon in patients with CSC. Multimodal imaging suggested that the aberrant choroidal circulation might be a contribution factor for leakage from the dysfunctional retinal pigment epithelium at the area of excavation.
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OBJECTIVE: Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome (ARS) is phenotypically and genetically heterogeneous. In this study, we identified the underlying genetic defect in a Chinese family with ARS. METHODS: A detailed family history and clinical data were recorded. The ocular phenotype was documented using slit-lamp photography and systemic anomalies were also documented where available. The genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes. All coding exons and intron-exon junctions of paired-like homeodomain transcription factor 2 (PITX2) gene and the forkhead box C1 (FOXC1) gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and screened for mutation by direct DNA sequencing. Variations detected in exon 5 of PITX2 were further evaluated with cloning sequencing. The exon 5 of PITX2 was also sequenced in 100 healthy controls, unrelated to the family, for comparison. Structural models of the wild type and mutant homeodomain of PITX2 were investigated by SWISS-MODEL. RESULTS: Affected individuals exhibited variable ocular phenotypes, whereas the systemic anomalies were similar. After direct sequencing and cloning sequencing, a heterozygous deletion/insertion mutation c.198_201delinsTTTCT (p.M66Ifs*133) was revealed in exon 5 of PITX2. This mutation co-segregated with all affected individuals in the family and was not found either in unaffected family members or in 100 unrelated controls. CONCLUSIONS: We detected a novel frameshift mutation p.M66Ifs*133 in PITX2 in a Chinese family with ARS. Although PITX2 mutations and polymorphisms have been reported from various ethnic groups, we report for the first time the identification of a novel deletion/insertion mutation that causes frameshift mutation in the homeodomain of PITX2 protein.
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Segmento Anterior del Ojo/anomalías , Anomalías del Ojo/genética , Mutación del Sistema de Lectura/genética , Marcadores Genéticos/genética , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad/genética , Proteínas de Homeodominio/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple/genética , Factores de Transcripción/genética , China , Enfermedades Hereditarias del Ojo , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Proteína del Homeodomínio PITX2RESUMEN
Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is an uncommon complication associated with a macular hole. In this case report of a rare condition, we present a pathologic myopia patient with a co-existent macular hole and choroidal neovascular membrane. The patient was treated with photodynamic therapy for CNV, and then vitreous surgery for the retinal detachment and macular hole. At the end of 4 years follow-up, her visual acuity was improved to 0.1 while the macular hole remained open. Optical coherence tomography is a useful inspection method of the diagnosis of CNV and macular hole.
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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the treatment of idiopathic choroidal neovascularization (CNV). METHODS: Sixty-one cases (61 eyes) of CNV were treated with PDT and the fundus appearance, visual acuity, retina thickness as well as the fundus angiographic imaging were observed before and after the therapy. PDT was performed 1.2 times in average and the follow-up period was 6 - 36 months (mean 19 months). RESULTS: At the last follow up, the visual acuity was improved in 41 eyes (67.2%), unchanged in 15 eyes (24.6%) and slightly decreased in 5 eyes (8.2%). Macular hemorrhage and exudation reduced in all cases after PDT. Fundus angiography showed complete closure of CNV in 38 eyes (62.3%), partial closure in 4 eyes (6.6%), incomplete closure in 14 eyes (23.0%) and recurrence in 5 eyes (8.2%). In 6 eyes CNV was complete closed after single PDT with diminish of macular edema and neuronal retinal epithelial detachment. No recurrent CNV was observed during three years' follow-up and the visual acuity remained stable. Our results also demonstrated that the therapeutic effect decreased with patient's age (t = 0.476, P = 0.016). The decrease of visual acuity averaged 0.008 per year. CONCLUSION: Photodynamic therapy is a potential treatment for idiopathic CNV and better outcomes are achieved in younger patients.
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Neovascularización Coroidal/tratamiento farmacológico , Fotoquimioterapia , Adolescente , Adulto , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Resultado del Tratamiento , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Adenomas of the nonpigmented ciliary epithelium (NPCE) are often clinically indistinguishable from amelanotic malignant melanomas of the ciliary body or metastatic carcinomas. This paper reports a case study of a distinctive variant of adenoma of the NPCE, which clinically appears as epiretinal membrane in the macular region. Histopathologic studies have revealed this is an adenoma of the NPCE. Identification of this clinic feature is important because it will miss the diagnosis of the adenoma of the NPCE. In this case study, B-scan ultrasonography as well as computerized tomography (CT) has been used to provide help in diagnosing the ciliary body tumor. Because of their anterior location in the ciliary body, partial lamellar sclerouvectomy is an effective method of treatment.
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Adenoma/patología , Cuerpo Ciliar/patología , Epitelio Corneal/patología , Neoplasias de la Úvea/patología , Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Epitelio Pigmentado Ocular/patologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To establish a primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) model by AMAM2 autoantigen injection into C57BL/6 mice. METHODS: Mice of the model group were immunized intraperitonealy with 200 microl of purified recombinant AMAM2 autoantigen in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Mice immunized with bovine serum albumin and CFA in the same way were used as negative controls. Sixty-six weeks later, mice were sacrificed and their sera were collected. Sera samples were assayed for AMAM2 autoantibody, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), ALT and total bilirubin (TBil). Their liver, stomach, muscle and kidney tissues were sectioned and stained using HE to observe the pathological changes. RESULTS: Antibodies to AMAM2 autoantigen were readily induced in the model group. The mice in the model group had no significant changes in the level of serum ALT and TBil but had an obvious increase of ALP (P<0.05). The stomach, muscle and kidney tissues showed no evident damage while the livers had obvious pathological changes, including bile duct degeneration or proliferation, and mononuclear cell infiltration. CONCLUSION: The AMAM2 autoantigen-induced PBC animal model was successfully established in C57BL/6 mice in our experiment and its characteristic biochemical and pathology are quite similar to that in the early stage of human PBC. This model may provide a useful experimental approach for further study of the pathogenesis and clinical treatment of human PBC.
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Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Cirrosis Hepática Biliar/etiología , Animales , Autoantígenos/inmunología , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Mitocondrias/inmunologíaAsunto(s)
Alelos , Antígenos HLA-DQ/genética , Antígenos HLA-DR/genética , Cirrosis Hepática Biliar/genética , Adulto , Anciano , Pueblo Asiatico , Femenino , Frecuencia de los Genes , Cadenas beta de HLA-DQ , Cadenas HLA-DRB1 , Humanos , Cirrosis Hepática Biliar/inmunología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadAsunto(s)
Acetatos/farmacología , Bicarbonatos/farmacología , Endotelio Corneal/efectos de los fármacos , Glutatión/farmacología , Minerales/farmacología , Soluciones Oftálmicas/farmacología , Retina/efectos de los fármacos , Cloruro de Sodio/farmacología , Cuerpo Vítreo/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Combinación de Medicamentos , Endotelio Corneal/patología , Femenino , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Conejos , Retina/patologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To develope a new enzyme immune assay (ELISA) for detection of M2 antibody specific for primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) by using a triple hybrid clone as antigen, which coexpresses the three immunodominant lipoyl domains of PDC-E2, BCOADC-E2 and OGDC-E2 from human sources. METHODS: After expressing autoantigens of PBC in prokaryote by constructing recombinant expressive plasmid successfully, the fusion protein was purified by affinity chromatography. The sera of 17 PBC patients were examined. As controls, the sera of 167 non-PBC patients and the sera of 1225 normal controls aged under 28 were examined. RESULTS: None of the sera from the non-PBC patients or the normal controls was positive for anti-M2 shown by the new ELISA. However, the positivity rate for anti-M2 in the PBC patients was 100% (17/17), as shown by the new ELISA. CONCLUSION: The detection system with a good sensitivity and specificity may be used as a powerful method for the diagnosis of PBC.