Building quality primary health care development in the new era towards universal health coverage: a Beijing initiative.

Primary health care (PHC) is the most effective way to improve people's health and well-being, and primary care services should act as the cornerstone of a resilient health system and the foundation of universal health coverage. To promote high quality development of PHC, an International Symposium on Quality Primary Health Care Development was held on December 4-5, 2023 in Beijing, China, and the participants have proposed and advocated the Beijing Initiative on Quality Primary Health Care Development. The Beijing Initiative calls on all countries to carry out and strengthen 11 actions: fulfill political commitment and accountability; achieve "health in all policies" through multisectoral coordination; establish sustainable financing; empower communities and individuals; provide community-based integrated care; promote the connection and integration of health services and social services through good governance; enhance training, allocation and motivation of health workforce, and medical education; expand application of traditional and alternative medicine for disease prevention and illness healing; empower PHC with digital technology; ensure access to medicinal products and appropriate technologies; and last, strengthen global partnership and international health cooperation. The Initiative will enrich the content of quality development of PHC, build consensus, and put forward policies for quality development of PHC in China in the new era, which are expected to make contributions in accelerating global actions.

Factors affecting gaseous emissions, maturity, and energy efficiency in composting of livestock manure digestate.

This study investigated the interplay effects of key operational factors on maturity, gaseous emissions, and energy efficiency during composting of livestock manure digestate. Orthogonal experiments were conducted with three factors: digestion duration (15, 30, 45 days), corn stalk addition (15%, 25%, 35%, wet weight based), and aeration rate (0.12, 0.24, 0.48 L kg-1 dry matter (DM) min-1). Results showed that digestion duration was the main factor influencing the compost germination index (GI), greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission, and net energy. Digestion duration of 30 days was favored for compost GI and GHG reduction, while digestion duration of 45 days exhibited 18% higher daily net energy. Increasing corn stalk addition and aeration rates improved compost GI, but increased energy consumption. Corn stalk addition of 25% and aeration rate of 0.24 L kg-1 DM min-1 could ensure desirable compost maturity and save energy consumption. Thus, digestion for 30 days, 25% corn stalk addition, and aeration rates of 0.24 L kg-1 DM min-1 can be potentially implemented in industry for environmental and cost efficient composting of digestate.