[Sex and pituitary hormone secretion in normal-height and tall adolescents with primary osteogenic sarcoma]. / Sekretsiia polovykh i gipofizarnykh gormonov u normoroslykh i vysokoroslykh podrostkov, bol'nykh pervichnoi osteogennoi sarkomoi.

The paper deals with a comparison of basal levels of secretion of total testosterone (T) and estradiol-17 beta (E2), their free and albumin and sex-steroid-binding globulin fractions as well as LH, FSH, prolactin and STH in blood serum of 60 normal height and 60 tall healthy adolescents and those with primary osteogenic sarcoma of bones at different stages of puberty. The study established a significantly higher level of testosterone and free androgen index and a lowered concentration of sex-steroid-binding globulin in blood serum of both normal and tall adolescent patients with osteogenic sarcoma at different stages of puberty. No significant differences were found in said indexes of estrogens between sarcoma patients and a specific group chosen for comparison, as far as physical status is concerned. The role of sex steroid hormones and, particularly, that of androgens in the pathogenetical mechanisms of osteogenic sarcoma growth is discussed.

[The characteristics of eicosanoid synthesis in osteogenic sarcoma in children at puberty]. / Osobennosti sinteza éikozanoidov v osteogennoi sarkome detei v pubertatnom periode.

Levels of prostaglandin E (PGE), prostaglandin F2 alpha, prostacyclin A2, thromboxan B2 and leucotriene B4 assayed radioimmunologically were compared in 42 samples of osteogenic sarcoma and 22 samples of benign tumors and tumor-like lesions from children at the pubertal period. In osteogenic sarcoma samples, PGE and prostaglandin F2 alpha levels were higher than those of thromboxan B2, prostacyclin A2 and leucotriene B4. Osteogenic sarcoma revealed higher levels of the eicosanoids as compared to benign tumors and tumor-like lesions of the bone. An inverse correlation was established between PGE level and time of dissemination of osteogenic sarcoma. The role of eicosanoids in the pathogenesis of growth and dissemination of osteogenic sarcoma is discussed. The use of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs in complex treatment of osteogenic sarcoma of children at the pubertal period is suggested.

[Significance of therapeutic pathomorphosis in the treatment and prognosis of osteogenic sarcoma in children]. / Znachenie terapevticheskogo patomorfoza v lechenii i prognoze osteogennoi sarkomy u detei.

To decide the problem of adequacy of preoperative treatment and postoperative special therapy, it is necessary to determine the degree of therapeutic pathomorphosis of primary osteogenic sarcoma. According to the materials of the children's clinic of the All-Union Cancer Research Center, USSR AMS, the degree of impairment is dependent on the size of the neoplasm, nature of the treatment and the x-ray-morphological variant. In a group of patients given preoperative chemoradiation treatment for degrees III and IV of therapeutic pathomorphosis, the 5-year survival amounted to 37.9 and 67.2% of cases, respectively. In a weak degree of tumor lesion (I-II), only 7% of the patients survive the 5-year period without metastases. The degree of therapeutic pathomorphosis is of great importance for correcting postoperative therapy as well as for predicting the course of osteogenic sarcoma in children.

[Polypeptide growth factors and their interrelation with hormones in the blood plasma of patients with primary bone tumors]. / Polipeptidnye faktory rosta i ikh vzaimosviaz' s gormonami v plazme krovi bol'nykh s pervichnymi opukholiami kostei.

A relationship between blood plasma levels of polypeptide growth factors and those of peptide and sex steroid hormones, as assayed radioimmunologically, was studied in 91 patients with bone tumors of various histology and 45 healthy donors. The levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) and somatotropic hormone were significantly higher in cases of chondrosarcoma and patients suffering osteogenic sarcoma in the late puberal period as compared to controls and cases of fibrous histiocytoma, giant-cell tumor, benign tumors and tumor-like lesions of the bone. The peak levels of IGF-1, somatotropic hormone and insulin were registered in osteogenic sarcoma patients who developed pulmonary metastases either in the course or after the completion of combined treatment. Somatostatin level was significantly lower in patients with osteogenic sarcoma aged 11-20 years as compared to healthy adolescents, the lowest level being observed in adolescents suffering osteogenic sarcoma with metastases to the lungs. No relationship was established between total testosterone level, on the one hand, and those of IGF-1 and epidermal growth factor, on the other. A reverse correlation was established between concentrations of IGF-1 and total estradiol. The role of polypeptide growth factor antagonists in combined treatment of bone sarcomas is discussed.

[The results of using high-dose methotrexate in treating osteogenic sarcoma]. / Rezul'taty primeneniia vysokikh doz metotreksata pri lechenii otseogennoi sarkomy.

The interim results of the use of high-dose methotrexate with leucovorin rescue for the treatment of 26 patients with osteogenic sarcoma are discussed. Preoperative chemotherapy was followed by marked regression of primary tumor in one out of seven patients with localized disease. In that group, metastasis-free period lasted 2, 3, 10+, 12, 17+ and 24+ months. Response was observed in two out of 19 (10.6%) cases of metastases. Toxic side-effects were moderate and were mainly nausea (38.5% of patients), vomiting (26.9%), elevation of serum transaminase levels (38.5%) and fever (30.7% of cases).

[Clear-cell chondrosarcoma of bone]. / Svetlokletochnaia khondrosarkoma kosti.

Clinico-roentgeno-morphological characteristics of clear-cell chondrosarcoma are presented. Tumour cells had an abundant clear cytoplasm limited by a well discernible membrane; there were few giant multinuclear cells of the osteoclast type, zones of secondary osteogenesis and calcification. The lobulation of the structure was much less pronounced and the lobules were smaller and no so distinct as compared to an ordinary chondrosarcoma. All patients survived without recurrences and metastases after the operation.

[Steroid hormone receptors in osteogenic sarcomas]. / Issledovanie retseptorov steroidnykh gormonov v osteogennykh sarkomakh.

The method of hormone-receptor complex precipitation with protamine sulfate was used in 57 males suffering osteogenic sarcoma to identify and evaluate cytoplasmic androgen (AR) and estrogen receptor (ER) levels versus age and prior treatment as well as to assess their prognostic significance. AR were most often observed in younger patients and those pretreated with chemo- and radiotherapy whereas ER mostly occurred in older ones. Presence of AR (in untreated tumor or following preoperative therapy) adversely influenced prognosis. It took AR-positive tumors less time to disseminate to the lung after the start of treatment. The use of antiandrogen drugs for osteogenic sarcoma treatment is discussed.

[Clinico-morphologic characterization of lung metastases from osteogenic sarcoma during chemotherapy]. / Kliniko-morfologicheskaia kharakteristika legochnykh metastazov osteogennoi sarkomy pri khimioterapii.

Clinical and morphological characterization of osteogenic sarcoma (OS) and its lung metastases is presented in 16 patients, of whom 7 have not received preoperational chemotherapy. The morphological structures of the primary tumor and its metastases are shown to be of the same type. In most observations, OS metastases have been found to have no signs of therapeutic pathomorphism and their structures are identical to those of anaplastic polymorphocellular sarcoma with osteoid. The average life span of the patients was 35 months after pulmonary metastases removal.

[The relationship between the prostaglandin E level in the tumor and the times of the metastasis of primary osteogenic sarcoma]. / Sviaz' mezhdu urovnem prostaglandinov E v opukholi i srokami metastazirovaniia pervichnoi osteogennoi sarkomy.

Radioimmunoassay was used in 46 cases of osteogenic sarcoma to assess prostaglandin E (PgE) levels in tumor tissue. Those levels were found to vary with age. A correlation was established between the effect of preoperative chemoradiation treatment, on the one hand, and degree of treatment-induced pathomorphosis and PgE concentration in tumor, on the other. High PgE level in osteogenic sarcoma tissue proved prognostically unfavorable whatever age and prior chemoradiation treatment and were associated with shorter metastasis-free survival.

[Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the soft tissues]. / Zlokachestvennaia fibroznaia gistiotsitoma miagkikh tkanei.

Clinico-morphological characterization of the malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) of soft tissues in 142 patients is presented. According to the authors' data MFH is the most frequent tumour among soft tissue malignant neoplasms (15,7%) in adult patients. The age of patients is predominantly from 40 to 70, the most frequent site is a lower limb (thigh). A typical morphological variant of MFH clearly dominates (73%): there is a tendency to the development of an inflammatory variant at the retroperitoneal tumour site. Recurrences in all group of patients (104) who were followed-up were in 68,3%, metastasis in 45,2%, the 5-year survival in 59,6% of cases. A clear-cut dependence of these indices upon the depth of tumour location soft tissues, node size, tumour site is noted. In view of pronounced domination of a MFH typical variant the final conclusion on the feasibility of separation of other variants can be only made on the basis of a much greater number of cases.

[Malignant giant cell tumor of soft tissue]. / Zlokachestvennaia gigantokletochnaia opukhol' miagkikh tkanei.

Clinical, pathologic, and electron microscopic study of 4 cases of malignant giant cell tumor of soft tissues is presented. Conventional histology and electron microscopy disclosed histiocyte-, fibroblast- and osteoclast-like multinucleated giant cells, cells with 2 and 3 nuclei, and undifferentiated cells. Malignant giant cell tumor of soft tissues is therefore considered to be a special variant of malignant fibrous histiocytoma.