Seroprevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus among clinically suspected cases of viral hepatitis visiting Guhalla Primary Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.

Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in countries with limited resources. The two hepatotropic viruses have common mode of transmission. Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus are the main causes of Cirrhosis, liver cancer and death. To determine the Seroprevalence of HBsAg and anti-HCV antibodies among clinically suspected cases of viral hepatitis visiting Guhalla Primary Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. A hospital-based retrospective study was conducted at Guhalla Primary Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. The study included serology registration logbook data from all patients who visited the hospital and were tested using a rapid test kit between September 1st, 2017 to August 30, 2021. Data were entered, cleaned, and analyzed using SPSS version 26 software. Bivariate analysis was computed and a multivariable analysis was conducted to provide an adjusted odds ratio (AOR). p-value < 0.05 at a 95% confidence interval was considered statistically significant. In this study, a total of 883(883 for HBV and 366 for HCV) study participants were included. The overall prevalence of HBsAg and anti-HCV were 124/883(14%) and 73/366 (19.9%), respectively. The prevalence of HBV and HCV among males from the total HBV and HCV screened was 70/410 (17.1%) and 53/366(14.4%) respectively. In this study, being female (AOR 1.53, 95% CI 1.03-2.27, p = 0.003) and age group of 31-40 years (AOR 2.85; 95% CI 1.56, 5.17, p = 0.001) were statistically significant factors to HBV infection. Similarly, being female (AOR 1.97, 95% CI 1.10-3.53, p = 0.02), age group of 21-30 years (AOR 2.71; 95% CI 1.15, 6.40, p = 0.02) and age group greater than 40 years (AOR 3.13; 95% CI 1.31, 7.44, p = 0.01) were significantly associated with HCV infection. In our study, high seroprevalence of HBV and HCV infection was detected among clinically suspected patients. Females and the age groups between 31 and 40 were more affected. Community awareness of the prevention and transmission of viral hepatitis infection should be strengthened through herd immunization and health education. The prospective study should be conducted in this area.

Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Guhala Primary Hospital, Northwestern Ethiopia.

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infections are global issues that disproportionately affect developing countries. Pregnancy-related HBV and HCV infections are associated with a high risk of vertical transmission and complications for the mother as well as the newborn. Therefore, this study aims to determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Guhala Primary Hospital, Northwestern Ethiopia. METHODS: A hospital-based retrospective study was conducted from July to September 2022 on HBV and HCV registered books from September 1, 2017, to August 30, 2019, for a year. The presence of HBsAg and anti-HCV in serum was detected using the One Step Cassette Style HBsAg and anti-HCV antibody test kit. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26 software. RESULTS: In this study, a total of 2252 participants for HBsAg and 538 participants for ant-HCV rapid tests of records in the laboratory logbook were included. The mean age of the study participants was 25.6years (± 5.8SD). The overall prevalence of HBsAg and anti-HCV was 6.0% (134/2252) and 2.4% (13/538), respectively. There were 0.4% (2/538) coinfection results between HBV and HCV among pregnant women. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION: In this study, intermediate seroprevalence of HBV and HCV infection was detected among pregnant women attending antenatal care. The Hepatitis B virus was predominantly higher among pregnant women aged between 25 and 34 years. To manage and stop the potential vertical transmission of these viral agents during the early stages of pregnancy, routine prenatal testing for HBV and HCV infections should be taken into consideration.