Clinical Predictors of Pulsatile Tinnitus in Patients With Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: An Age-Matched Cohort Study.

INTRODUCTION: Pulsatile tinnitus (PT) occurs in many but not all patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). It is poorly understood why some patients with IIH develop PT, yet others do not. The purpose of this study was to determine if any clinical findings differ between those with and without PT in IIH, potentially shedding light on a pathophysiologic mechanism. METHODS: Age-matched cohort analysis of patients with documented IIH and presence or absence of PT was performed, collecting data including body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, visual acuity, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) opening pressure, sleep apnea, migraines, and transient visual obscurations, among others. Independent-sample t test and χ2 test were used to analyze continuous and binary variables, respectively, with multivariate analysis conducted including variables statistically significant on univariate analysis. RESULTS: Eighty subjects with IIH met the inclusion criteria (40 PT+, 40 PT-). CSF opening pressure showed no significant difference between the two groups. The PT+ cohort was found to have an average BMI of 45.1 kg/m 2 , which was significantly higher than the PT- group (37.7 kg/m 2 ; p = 0.0023). PT+ pulse pressure (60.1 mm Hg) was also significantly higher than the PT- group (51.6 mm Hg; p = 0.019). PT+ patients were also significantly more likely to have sleep apnea ( p < 0.001) and migraines ( p = 0.0036). Multiple logistic regression revealed an adjusted odds ratio of 13.9 for sleep apnea, 4.1 for migraines, and 1.01 for every increase in unit of BMI. CONCLUSION: Among patients with IIH, presence of PT is associated with higher BMI and pulse pressure, and increased incidence of sleep apnea and migraines. Given no significant difference in CSF pressures between the two groups, PT may not be a product of increased disease severity but may be related to sequelae of obesity, such as increased pulse pressure and sleep apnea.

Evaluation of an Electronic Health Record Alert to Improve Screening and Management of Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke Factors in a High-Risk Population.

OBJECTIVES: Cardiovascular disease and stroke risk factor screening and management by primary care providers (PCPs) have a significant impact on their patients' health. The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of an electronic health record (EHR) cardiovascular disease and stroke risk alert in improving the ability of PCPs to manage risk factors among women and men aged 45 years and older. METHODS: PCPs at a tertiary care hospital were randomized. The intervention group received an EHR alert, which calculated the individual patient risk and provided an order set incorporating the American Heart Association and American Stroke Association guidelines, whereas the control group used the EHR in the usual manner. Multilevel analysis compared the rate of prescriptions between the intervention and control groups. RESULTS: A total of 23 PCPs were randomized: 12 in the intervention group and 11 in the control group, attending to 7190 patients between September 2016 and January 2017. None of the providers in the intervention group used the programmed order set. Intervention group providers were significantly more likely to prescribe smoking cessation medication to women than to the control group (adjusted odds ratio 2.37, 95% confidence interval 1.23-4.57). There were no statistically significant differences between the intervention and control groups in the rate of other medication prescriptions. CONCLUSIONS: As measured by prescriptions for medications, other than those for smoking cessation, the EHR alert was not shown to be successful in increasing the management of high-risk patients. Physicians receiving numerous messages in the EHR may experience alert desensitization.

Incomplete Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada in a 14-year-Old African American female with bilateral disc edema.

PURPOSE: To report an unusual case of incomplete Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) in a 14-Year-Old African American female. OBSERVATIONS: Here we present a 14-Year-Old African American Female with incomplete VKH who presented to the emergency department with a one-month history of malaise, fever, bilateral decreased vision and temporal headaches. At the time of presentation, she was found to have bilateral anterior uveitis and disc edema. The brain and orbit MRI were unremarkable, CSF analysis showed lymphocytic pleocytosis with negative cultures and gram stain. An extensive lab workup was unrevealing. CONCLUSION: This is an unusual case of incomplete VKH in a young African American female presenting with anterior uveitis and disc edema without serous retinal detachments. Initiation of high dose oral prednisone promptly after diagnosis resulted in rapid improvement of symptoms and improvement in visual acuity with the resolution of the disc edema. This case highlights the importance of considering VKH in the differential diagnosis of disc edema associated with uveitis, even in the absence of serous retinal detachment.