RESUMEN
Dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) represent 10-15% of intracranial arteriovenous malformations. Of these, only 12-29% cause intracranial hemorrhage. The presentation of DAVF as a subdural hematoma (SDH) and intraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH) is infrequent; additionally, behavioral changes are not common among these patients. We report, for the first time in our country, the case of a 23-year-old man with no history of head injury, in which a brain computed tomography (CT) scan revealed SDH and IPH with behavioral disturbances. The angiotomography showed ecstatic venous vessels, indicating the presence of a DAVF, which was later confirmed by cerebral angiography. Endovascular therapy, which followed the clinical diagnosis, resulted in satisfactory evolution two years after treatment. A review of the literature concerning cases with DAVF and behavioral disturbances is presented. DAVF may lead to cognitive impairment, behavioral changes, and dementia as a result of diffuse white matter and thalamus modifications related to venous ischemia, and it should be considered as a reversible cause of vascular dementia.
RESUMEN
Introducción: el diagnóstico de las anomalías congénitas excavadas del nervio óptico se ha beneficiado con la introducción y desarrollo de las técnicas imagenológicas; particularmente en los casos atípicos o con alteraciones oculares asociadas, donde el examen clínico no puede ser concluyente. Caso clínico: se presenta un paciente con una anomalía congénita del nervio óptico y se discuten las características clínico-imagenológicas que sustentan su diagnóstico diferencial. Se recomienda la evaluación conjunta, por parte de oftalmólogos y radiólogos, de pacientes con estas anomalías; sobre todo en aquellos donde las presentaciones fundoscópicas no son específicas. Conclusiones: el diagnóstico nosológico correcto garantiza una adecuada orientación sobre alteraciones sistémicas relacionadas y patrones de herencia, si los hay
Introducción: the diagnosis of excavated congenital anomalies of the optic nerve has benefitted from the introduction and development of radiological techniques, mainly in atypical cases or those with others related ocular disorders, where the clinical exam is not conclusive. Clincal case: Here is a patient with a congenital optic nerve anomaly. The clinical and radiological characteristics that explain the differential diagnosis of this case were discussed. Emphasis was made on the fact that patients with these anomalies and no specific fundus features must be evaluated by both ophthalmologists and radiologists. Conclusions: the right nosological diagnosis assures the appropriate orientation towards others related systemic associations and inheritance patterns, if any