Production of Bioactive Compounds from the Sulfated Polysaccharides Extracts of Ulva lactuca: Post-Extraction Enzymatic Hydrolysis Followed by Ion-Exchange Chromatographic Fractionation.

This paper describes a novel combined post-extraction process for obtaining bioactive compounds from the aqueous high molecular weight sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) extracts of the green algae, Ulva lactuca. After extracting the SPs, they were enzymatically hydrolyzed then the hydrolysate (V45) was fractionated into eight different molecular weight fractions (F1-F8) using ion exchange chromatography. Crude SPs together with V45 and (F1-F8) were examined for their carbohydrate, protein, and sulfate contents. In addition, their degree of polymerization (DP) was estimated and they were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Fractions S1, F4, F5, and F8 showed promising antioxidant and antitumor activities in vitro. In particular, the remarkable antitumor activity of F5 on three types of cancer cell lines could be attributed to its comparable contents of protein, carbohydrate, and sulfate, in addition to its comparable contents of rhamnose and glucuronic acid, and the same for glucose and arabinose. F5 also possessed the highest Hill coefficient among the four promising fractions indicating a higher degree of cooperativity in ligand binding. Other influencing factors including DP, composition, and type of characteristic functional groups were also discussed. The implications of this work could potentially benefit the industries of food supplements and pharmaceuticals.

Crystal structure of 2-cyano-N'-(cyclo-hexyl-idene)acetohydrazide.

In the title compound, C9H13N3O, the cyclo-hexyl-idene ring adopts a chair conformation and the bond-angle sum at the C atom linked to the N atom is 359.6°. The cyano-acetohydrazide grouping is close to planar (r.m.s. deviation for the non-H atoms = 0.031 Å) and subtends a dihedral angle of 64.08 (4)° with the four C atoms forming the seat of the chair. The C=O and N-H groups are in a syn conformation (O-C-N-H = -5°). In the crystal, inversion dimers linked by pairs of N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds generate R 2 (2)(8) loops; this dimer linkage is reinforced by a pair of C-H⋯O inter-actions, which generate R 2 (2)(14) loops. The dimers are linked by C-H⋯Nc (c = cyanide) inter-actions into [100] ladders, which feature C(4) chains and R 4 (4)(20) loops.

2-(4-Oxo-3-phenyl-1,3-thia-zolidin-2-yl-idene)malononitrile.

In the title compound, C12H7N3OS, the essentially planar thia-zole ring (r.m.s. deviation = 0.022 Å) forms dihedral angles of 84.88 (9) and 1.8 (3)° with the phenyl ring and the -C(CN)2 group (r.m.s. deviation = 0.003 Å), respectively. The mol-ecule has approximate local Cs symmetry. In the crystal, molecules are linked via C-H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming chains propagating along [101]. The crystal studied was found to be an inversion twin with a refined 0.63 (1):0.37 (1) domain ratio.

Novel synthesis of hydrazide-hydrazone derivatives and their utilization in the synthesis of coumarin, pyridine, thiazole and thiophene derivatives with antitumor activity.

The reaction of cyanoacetyl hydrazine (1) with 3-acetylpyridine (2) gave the hydrazide-hydrazone derivative 3. The latter compound undergoes a series of heterocyclization reactions to give new heterocyclic compounds. The antitumor evaluation of the newly synthesized products against three cancer cell lines, namely breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), non-small cell lung cancer (NCI-H460) and CNS cancer (SF-268) was performed. Most of the synthesized compounds showed high inhibitory effects.