Modeling Sustained Transmission of Wolbachia among Anopheles Mosquitoes: Implications for Malaria Control in Haiti.

Wolbachia infection in Anopheles albimanus mosquitoes can render mosquitoes less capable of spreading malaria. We developed and analyzed a mechanistic compartmental ordinary differential equation model to evaluate the effectiveness of Wolbachia-based vector control strategies among wild Anopheles mosquitoes in Haiti. The model tracks the mosquito life stages, including egg, larva, and adult (male and female). It also accounts for critical biological effects, such as the maternal transmission of Wolbachia through infected females and cytoplasmic incompatibility, which effectively sterilizes uninfected females when they mate with infected males. We derive and interpret dimensionless numbers, including the basic reproductive number and next-generation numbers. The proposed system presents a backward bifurcation, which indicates a threshold infection that needs to be exceeded to establish a stable Wolbachia infection. The sensitivity analysis ranks the relative importance of the epidemiological parameters at baseline. We simulate different intervention scenarios, including prerelease mitigation using larviciding and thermal fogging before the release, multiple releases of infected populations, and different release times of the year. Our simulations show that the most efficient approach to establishing Wolbachia is to release all the infected mosquitoes immediately after the prerelease mitigation process. Moreover, the model predicts that it is more efficient to release during the dry season than the wet season.

Síndrome de fricción escapulotorácica por un osteocondroma subescapular: presentación de un caso y revisión bibliográfica / Snapping scapula syndrome resulting from a subscapular osteochondroma: Case report and literature review

El síndrome de fricción escapulotorácica, resalto o chasquido escapular es un cuadro poco frecuente, descrito, por primera vez, por Boinet, en 1867. Se produce por una incongruencia en la articulación escapulotorácica, asociada a múltiples causas, como bursitis, exostosis, masas óseas, tejidos fibrótico o muscular anómalos, consolidación defectuosa de fracturas o variaciones de la anatomía costal o escapular. El propósito de este artículo es comunicar un caso clínico de una adolescente con dolor incapacitante y deformidad en la región escapular derecha, de más de cuatro años de evolución. Los estudios diagnósticos revelaron una masa ósea única subescapular sugestiva de un osteocondroma de gran tamaño, más de 2,5 cm x 4 cm x 4 cm. También, se presenta una revisión y actualización de la bibliografía sobre el diagnóstico y el tratamiento actual de esta enfermedad. Nivel de Evidencia: III

Snapping scapula syndrome is a rare pathology first described by Boinet in 1867. Its pathogenesis is caused by an incongruency in the thoracic scapular joint, associated with multiple causes including bursitis, exostosis, bone mass, fibrotic tissue or muscular abnormalities, defective consolidation of fractures or anatomical rib or scapular fractures. The purpose of this article is to present a clinical case of an adolescent with incapacitating clinical pain in the right scapular region, as well as a deformity at this level that had evolved for more than 4 years, and which, when diagnostic tests were performed, revealed a subscapular bone mass suggestive of a single large osteochondroma measuring more than 2.5 cm x 4 cm x 4 cm.. A review and update of the literature on the diagnosis and current treatment of this pathology is made. Level of Evidence: III

Consenso colombo-peruano de cáncer de próstata. Lima, Perú, 14 y 15 de abril del 2023 / Colombian-Peruvian Consensus on Prostate Cancer. April 14 and 15, 2023, Lima, Peru

Entre el 14 y 15 de abril del 2023 se realizó la reunión académica organizada por la Sociedad Colombiana de Urología y la Sociedad Peruana de Urología en Lima (Perú), donde los panelistas expertos en cáncer de próstata en el área de urología oncológica, urología funcional, oncología clínica, radioterapia oncológica y medicina nuclear debatieron sobre la evidencia actual en los diferentes escenarios de la enfermedad, logrando el primer Consenso Colombo-Peruano de Cáncer de Próstata.

Between April 14 and 15, 2023, the academic meeting organized by the Colombian Society of Urology and the Peruvian Society of Urology was held in Lima (Peru), where expert panelists in prostate cancer in the area of oncological urology, functional urology, clinical oncology, oncological radiotherapy and nuclear medicine discussed the current evidence in the different scenarios of the disease, achieving the first Colombo-Peruvian Consensus on Prostate Cancer.

Relationship between the gingival biotype and the results of root covering surgical procedures: A systematic review.

Background: Tissue biotypes are related to the results of periodontal therapy, conventional prosthodontics, implant therapy and root covering procedures. We conducted a systematic review (SR) of the literature about the relationship between the gingival biotype and the results of root covering surgical procedures. Material and Methods: A PICO question was defined. Two independent reviewers conducted electronic and manual literature searches, which covered studies up to August 31, 2020, in the National Library of Medicine (PubMed MEDLINE), EBSCO, Science Direct and Cochrane. The inclusion criteria were all root covering procedures in individuals with different gingival biotypes. The final result of the different surgical techniques was evaluated by the Root Coverage Esthetic Score (RES). The Methodological Index for the identification of biases for Non-Randomized Studies was applied. Results: Only four articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. These studies adequately reported the percentage of root coverage after surgery, and two recorded the entire RES index. Complete root coverage was achieved in a range between 70 - 86.12% in patients with thin biotype and between 77.8 - 96% in patients with a thick biotype. The aesthetic results were not compromised by the initial classification of the biotype. The treatments used were subepithelial connective tissue graft with coronally displaced flap or its modification. No significant differences were found. Conclusions: When the gingival biotypes are analyzed as independent variables, none of the root coverage procedures are affected by the classification of the gingival biotype. Key words:Root coverage, gingival recession, gingival biotype.

Influence of maxillary lateral incisor width ratio on perception of smile esthetics among orthodontists and laypersons.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze the impact of different maxillary lateral incisor width ratios on the perception of smile esthetics among orthodontists and laypersons. METHODS: A smile photograph of a male subject showing the lips and gingival margins was selected. The smile was standardized for maxillary central incisor width proportions and ideally perceived smile esthetics. The maxillary lateral incisor width was symmetrically modified in increments of ratios of the central incisor from a ratio of 4:10 to a ratio of 8:10. The images were analyzed by 283 laypersons and 83 orthodontists who ranked the level of attractiveness using a visual analog scale. RESULTS: There were significant differences between the esthetic perception of the five different width ratios, and between the orthodontists and laypersons in their evaluations of esthetics (P < 0.0004). There were no significant differences in esthetic evaluations between genders. CONCLUSIONS: For orthodontists, the most attractive width ratio was 5.7:10, while the highest ranked ratio among laypersons was 8:10, although laypersons ranked all ratios very similarly. Both groups ranked the width ratio of 4:10 the lowest. Orthodontists were more critical in their assessment of esthetics. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: To what proportions or protocol should a peg-shaped maxillary lateral incisor or missing lateral, that is, to be replaced with an implant/crown be restored? This is an important clinical question that is often encountered by the orthodontist and the restoring dentist. The literature suggests that orthodontists and laypeople have different perceptions of smile esthetics, and it is important to have patient centered goals when treatment planning. Further research is necessary to identify the width ratio of which the lateral incisor is perceived to be esthetic as well as the ideal ratio to consider when restoring lateral incisors. This research assessed and compared the perception that orthodontists and laypeople have on smile esthetics regarding different width ratios of lateral incisors.

Reporte de 4 casos de inversión de cromosoma 9 en una muestra de 4755 líquidos amnióticos en una población venezolana

La inversión del cromosoma 9, inv (9), es una reordenación cromosómica relativamente común y generalmente se considera como una variante normal. No obstante, varios estudios han sugerido una posible asociación con síndrome metabólico, obesidad, galactosemia, diabetes mellitus y aborto espontáneo recurrente. Este estudio tiene como objetivo describir cuatro casos con la misma inversión cromosómica 9, inv (9) (p12; q12), y compararlo con lo que ha sido expuesto en la literatura. Se realizaron una serie de casos retrospectivos. Se evaluó una gran base de datos de informes de amniocentesis realizados en el centro Policlínica Metropolitana de Caracas entre 2005 y 2016. Como parte del protocolo del centro, todas las muestras de líquido amniótico recuperadas se centrifugaron a 800 rpm. Finalmente, se realizó un análisis de 20 bandas en metafase G para el cariotipo. Se recuperaron todos los cariotipos que informaron inv (9) (p12; q12). De 4755 informes de amniocentesis, se identificaron un total de 4 casos de inv (9) (p12; q12) pericéntrico. Según la literatura, este tipo de reordenamiento se ha asociado a algunas enfermedades metabólicas. Este hallazgo está respaldado por el hecho de que esta región cromosómica contiene el factor 1 promotor de insulina y el factor iniciador para la alfa quinasa 3 del factor de iniciación de traducción eucariótico, ambos implicados en la diabetes transitoria. Existe escasa literatura sobre este tipo de inversión, y se necesitan más estudios para un análisis de correlación adecuado. Los resultados de esta breve serie y los hallazgos de la literatura respaldan la importancia de los primeros estudios de cariotipo para identificar posibles asociaciones.

The inversion of chromosome 9, inv (9), is a relatively common chromosomal rearrangement and is commonly considered as a normal variant. However, several studies have suggested a possible association with metabolic syndrome, obesity, galactosemia, diabetes melli-tus and recurrent spontaneous abortion. This study aims to describe four cases with the same chromosome inversion 9, inv (9) (p12; q12), and compare them with what has been shown in the literature. A set of retrospective cases were carried out. A large database of amniocentesis reports made at the Policlinica Metropolitana of Caracas between 2005 and 2016 were analyzed. As part of the protocol of the Center, all recovered amniotic fluid samples were centrifuged at 800 rpm. Finally, an analysis of 20 metaphase G bands was performed for the karyotype. All the karyotypes that reported inv (9) (p12; q12) were recovered. According to 4755 reports of amniocentesis, a total of 4 cases of inv (9) pericentric (p12; q12) were identified. Based on the literature, this type of rearrangement has been associated with some metabolic diseases. This finding is supported by the fact that this chromosomal region contains the insulin promoter factor-1 and the initiating factor for alpha kinase 3 of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor, both involved in transient diabetes. There is not enough literature on this type of inversion, and more and more studies are needed to perform an adequate correlation analysis. The findings of this brief series and the literature review support the importance of the first karyotype studies to identify possible associations.

A inversão do cromossomo 9, inv (9), é um rearranjo cromossômico relativamente comum e é geralmente considerada como uma variante normal. No entanto, vários estudos sugeriram uma possível associação com a síndrome metabólica, obesidade, galactosemia, diabetes mellitus e aborto espontâneo recorrente. Este estudo tem como objetivo descrever quatro casos com a mesma inversão cromossômica 9, inv (9) (p12q12), e compará-lo com o exposto na literatura. Uma série de casos retrospectivos foi feita. Avaliara-se uma grande base de dados de relatórios de amniocentese realizada no centro Policlínica Metropolitana de Caracas entre 2005 e 2016. Como parte do protocolo do centro, todas as amostras de líquido amniótico recuperadas foram centrifugadas a 800 rpm. Finalmente, uma análise de 20 bandas G foi realizada para o cariótipo. Todos os cariótipos com inv (9) (p12q12) foram recuperados. Dos 4.755 relatos de amniocentese, foram identificados 4 casos de inv (9) pericêntricos (p12q12). Segundo a literatura, esse tipo de rearranjo tem sido associado a algumas doenças metabólicas. Esta conclusão é apoiada pelo facto de que esta região cromossómica contém o fator promotor de insulina 1 e o fator iniciador para a 3-quinase alfa do fator de início de tradução de euca-riotos, ambos envolvidos na diabetes transitória. Há escassa literatura sobre este tipo de inversão, e mais estudos são necessários para uma análise de correlação adequada. Os resultados desta breve série e os resultados encontrados na literatura corroboram a importância dos primeiros estudos de cariótipos para identificar possíveis associações.

Aspectos de no calidad en neumonía asociada al uso de ventilador en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos de Medellín, 2012 / Non quality issues related to ventilator-associated pneumonia in an Intensive Care Unit of Medellin, 2012 / Aspectos de não qualidade em neumonia associada à utilização do ventilador-nav em uma Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos, de medellín, 2012

Objetivo: explorar los aspectos de no calidad en la atención clínica de pacientes con NAV en una UCI de adultos en Medellín. Metodología: se desarrolló una investigación de enfoque cualitativo empleando como estrategia el estudio de caso y adoptando como fuente de categorías analíticas el Modelo Organizacional de Causalidad y Eventos Adversos de Reason bajo condiciones de operación institucional no controlables por el equipo investigador. Resultados: durante la fase analítica, a través de la codificación abierta, se identificaron 441 códigos en las entrevistas y 25 en las historias clínicas. Se reorganizaron mediante codificación axial en 14 subcategorías y 4 categorías analíticas, encontrando que una decisión de la gerencia (límites a la contratación de personal idóneo para el cuidado de la vía aérea de los pacientes sometidos a VM y su reemplazo por personal auxiliar) fue percibida como un factor determinante para la generación de condiciones propicias para la incidencia de NAV, aun en presencia de un enfoque pertinente y de sólidas barreras de seguridad.

Objective: to explore non quality issues in the clinical care of patients with VAP in an adult ICU in Medellin, Colombia. Methodology: a qualitative study using the case study strategy. Reason’s Organizational Model of Causality and Adverse Events was used as the source for analytical categories and the hospital operating conditions were not controllable by the research team. Results: during the analytical phase, through open coding, 441 codes were identified from interviews and 25 from medical records. They were reorganized by axial coding into 14 subcategories and 4 analytical categories. It was found that a management decision (limiting the hiring of qualified staff to take care of patients’ airways with MV and replacing it with support staff) was perceived as a determining factor leading to the incidence of VAP, even in presence of a relevant approach and solid safety barriers.

Objetivo: explorar os aspectos de não qualidade na assistência clínica de pacientes com NAV em uma UCI de adultos em Medellín. Metodologia: desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa de enfoque qualitativo empregando como estratégia o estudo de caso e seguindo como fonte de categorias analíticas o Modelo Organizacional de Causalidade e Eventos Adversos de Reason baixo condições de operação institucional não controláveis pela equipe pesquisador. Resultados : durante a fase analítica, através da codificação aberta, são identificados 441 códigos nas entrevistas e 25 nas histórias clínicas. Foram reorganizados por codificação axial em 14 subcategorias e 4 categorias analíticas, encontrando que uma decisão da gerência (limites à contratação de pessoal idôneo para o cuidado da via aérea dos pacientes submetidos a VM e sua substituição por pessoal auxiliar) foi percebida como um fator determinante para a geração de condições propícias para a incidência de NAV, ainda em presença de um enfoque apropriado e de sólidas barreiras de segurança.