RESUMEN
Respiratory viruses are a common cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. Viruses like influenza, RSV, and most recently SARS-CoV-2 can rapidly spread through a population, causing acute infection and, in vulnerable populations, severe or chronic disease. Developing effective treatment and prevention strategies often becomes a race against ever-evolving viruses that develop resistance, leaving therapy efficacy either short-lived or relevant for specific viral strains. On June 29 to July 2, 2022, researchers met for the Keystone symposium "Respiratory Viruses: New Frontiers." Researchers presented new insights into viral biology and virus-host interactions to understand the mechanisms of disease and identify novel treatment and prevention approaches that are effective, durable, and broad.
Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Gripe Humana , Infecciones por Virus Sincitial Respiratorio , Humanos , COVID-19/patología , COVID-19/virología , Interacciones Microbiota-Huesped , Gripe Humana/patología , Gripe Humana/virología , Infecciones por Virus Sincitial Respiratorio/patología , Infecciones por Virus Sincitial Respiratorio/virología , Virus Sincitiales Respiratorios , SARS-CoV-2RESUMEN
Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of acute respiratory tract infections in children and immunocompromised adults worldwide. Here we report that amoebae-release respirable-sized vesicles containing high concentrations of infectious RSV that persisted for the duration of the experiment. Given the ubiquity of amoebae in moist environments, our results suggest that extracellular amoebal-vesicles could contribute to the environmental persistence of respiratory viruses, including potential resistance to disinfection processes and thereby offering novel pathways for viral dissemination and transmission.
Asunto(s)
Amoeba/virología , Vesículas Extracelulares/virología , Infecciones por Virus Sincitial Respiratorio/transmisión , Virus Sincitial Respiratorio Humano/patogenicidad , Adulto , Amoeba/crecimiento & desarrollo , Niño , Células HeLa , Humanos , Huésped Inmunocomprometido , Modelos Biológicos , Replicación ViralRESUMEN
Free-living amoebae (FLA) are ubiquitous protozoa in aquatic/soil habitats and known to resist various disinfection methods commonly used in drinking and wastewater treatment plants. Reoviruses are emerging as useful infectious enteric virus indicators of wastewater treatment efficacy. The possible enhanced protection FLA may provide reoviruses, however, has not been previously described. Using an infectious clinical reovirus isolate in coculture with three FLA, namely, Vermamoeba vermiformis, Acanthamoeba polyphaga, and Willaertia magna, we followed reovirus persistence (by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR)) and infectivity (TCID50). Virions present in samples persisted over the experimental time period, with most virions remaining infectious. Surprisingly, electron microscopy revealed virions accumulated within the nucleus of amoebae. The current work appears to be the first report of reovirus being internalized within FLA and remaining infectious, providing a previously unreported environmental reservoir and potential mode of dissemination. FLA also appeared to be providing some logs in protection to internalized viruses during UV irradiation, which if not accounted for when determining UV dosage needed for sufficient disinfection may result in unintentional release of pathogens into surrounding water systems.