Streptomyces mahasarakhamensis sp. nov., an Endophytic Actinobacterium Isolated from Jasmine Rice and its Potential as plant Growth Promoter.

Two endophytic actinobacteria, strains MK5T and MK7, were isolated from the surface-sterilized root of Jasmine rice (Oryza sativa KDML 105). These strains were aerobic actinobacteria with a well-developed substrate and aerial mycelia that formed spiral spore chains. The type strains that shared the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with both strains were Streptomyces naganishii NBRC 12892T (99.4%), "Streptomyces griseicoloratus" TRM S81-3T (99.2%), and Streptomyces spiralis NBRC 14215T (98.9%). Strains MK5T and MK7 are the same species sharing a digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) value of 95.3% and a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 100%. Chemotaxonomic data confirmed the affiliation of strains MK5T and MK7 to the genus Streptomyces. Strains MK5T and MK7 contained MK-9(H4) as a major menaquinone; the whole-cell sugar of both strains was galactose and glucose. The strain MK5T shared 93.4% average nucleotide identity (ANI)-Blast, 95.5% ANI-MUMmer, 93% average amino acid identity, and 61.3% dDDH with S. spiralis NBRC 14215T. The polyphasic approach confirmed that strain MK5T represents a novel species, and the name Streptomyces mahasarakhamensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MK5T (= TBRC 17754 = NRRL B-65683). Genome mining, using an in silico approach and searching biosynthesis gene clusters of strains MK5T and MK7, revealed that the genomes contained genes encoding proteins relating to plant growth promotion, bioactive compounds, and beneficial enzymes. Strains MK5T and MK7 could produce indole acetic acid and solubilize phosphate in vitro.

Humoral Immunity across the SARS-CoV-2 Spike after Sputnik V (Gam-COVID-Vac) Vaccination.

SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have contributed to attenuating the burden of the COVID-19 pandemic by promoting the development of effective immune responses, thus reducing the spread and severity of the pandemic. A clinical trial with the Sputnik-V vaccine was conducted in Venezuela from December 2020 to July 2021. The aim of this study was to explore the antibody reactivity of vaccinated individuals towards different regions of the spike protein (S). Neutralizing antibody (NAb) activity was assessed using a commercial surrogate assay, detecting NAbs against the receptor-binding domain (RBD), and a plaque reduction neutralization test. NAb levels were correlated with the reactivity of the antibodies to the spike regions over time. The presence of Abs against nucleoprotein was also determined to rule out the effect of exposure to the virus during the clinical trial in the serological response. A high serological reactivity was observed to S and specifically to S1 and the RBD. S2, although recognized with lower intensity by vaccinated individuals, was the subunit exhibiting the highest cross-reactivity in prepandemic sera. This study is in agreement with the high efficacy reported for the Sputnik V vaccine and shows that this vaccine is able to induce an immunity lasting for at least 180 days. The dissection of the Ab reactivity to different regions of S allowed us to identify the relevance of epitopes outside the RBD that are able to induce NAbs. This research may contribute to the understanding of vaccine immunity against SARS-CoV-2, which could contribute to the design of future vaccine strategies.

Description of Streptomyces naphthomycinicus sp. nov., an endophytic actinobacterium producing naphthomycin A and its genome insight for discovering bioactive compounds.

Endophytic actinobacteria are a group of bacteria living inside plant tissue without harmful effects, and benefit the host plant. Many can inhibit plant pathogens and promote plant growth. This study aimed to identify a strain of Streptomyces as a novel species and study its antibiotics production. An endophytic actinobacterium, strain TML10T was isolated from a surface-sterilized leaf of a Thai medicinal plant (Terminalia mucronata Craib and Hutch). As a result of a polyphasic taxonomy study, strain TML10T was identified as a member of the genus Streptomyces. Strain TML10T was an aerobic actinobacterium with well-developed substrate mycelia with loop spore chains and spiny surface. Chemotaxonomic data, including cell wall components, major menaquinones, and major fatty acids, confirmed the affiliation of strain TML10T to the genus Streptomyces. The results of the phylogenetic analysis, including physiological and biochemical studies in combination with a genome comparison study, allowed the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain TML10T and the closest related type strains. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH), Average nucleotide identity Blast (ANIb), and ANIMummer (ANIm) values between strain TML10T and the closest type strain, Streptomyces musisoli CH5-8T were 38.8%, 88.5%, and 90.8%, respectively. The name proposed for the new species is Streptomyces naphthomycinicus sp. nov. (TML10T = TBRC 15050T = NRRL B-65638T). Strain TML10T was further studied for liquid and solid-state fermentation of antibiotic production. Solid-state fermentation with cooked rice provided the best conditions for antibiotic production against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The elucidation of the chemical structures from this strain revealed a known antimicrobial agent, naphthomycin A. Mining the genome data of strain TML10T suggested its potential as a producer of antbiotics and other valuable compounds such as ε-Poly-L-lysine (ε-PL) and arginine deiminase. Strain TML10T contains the arcA gene encoding arginine deiminase and could degrade arginine in vitro.

Production of Alginate Oligosaccharides (AOSs) Using Enhanced Physicochemical Properties of Immobilized Alginate Lyase for Industrial Application.

Alginate lyase (AL) is a polysaccharide-degrading enzyme that can degrade alginate by hydrolyzing glycosidic bonds and produces unsaturated alginate oligosaccharides (AOSs). These AOSs have wide therapeutic and nutraceutical applications. However, to produce alginate oligosaccharides in a cost-effective manner is challenging due to the low availability and high cost of this degrading enzyme. Immobilization of the enzyme facilitates industrial applications owing to its stability, reusability, and cost-effectiveness. This study was focused on the enhancement of the properties of alginate lyase and improvement of the production of AOS. Alginate lyase was immobilized on magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) using glutaraldehyde as the crosslinker. The study showed that the maximum binding achieved between NPs and protein in the enzyme was 71% at a ratio of 1:150 NP:protein. As a result of immobilization, the optimum activity of free enzyme which was obtained at 37 °C and pH 7.4 changed to 45 °C and pH 9. Furthermore, the enzyme was thermostable at 45 °C for 3 h with up to 50% reusability for six consecutive cycles. Storage stability after 15 days showed ~67% relative hydrolysis of alginate. The free alginate lyase (25 IU) showed 76% raw biomass (seaweed) hydrolysis which is higher compared to 63% provided by the immobilized enzyme. As a result of efficient hydrolysis, AOSs with molecular weight profile of 370-1040 kDa were produced and detected using HPLC.

Oleaginous Microbial Lipids' Potential in the Prevention and Treatment of Neurological Disorders.

The products of oleaginous microbes, primarily lipids, have gained tremendous attention for their health benefits in food-based applications as supplements. However, this emerging biotechnology also offers a neuroprotective treatment/management potential for various diseases that are seldom discussed. Essential fatty acids, such as DHA, are known to make up the majority of brain phospholipid membranes and are integral to cognitive function, which forms an important defense against Alzheimer's disease. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have also been shown to reduce recurrent epilepsy seizures and have been used in brain cancer therapies. The ratio of omega-3 to omega-6 PUFAs is essential in maintaining physiological function. Furthermore, lipids have also been employed as an effective vehicle to deliver drugs for the treatment of diseases. Lipid nanoparticle technology, used in pharmaceuticals and cosmeceuticals, has recently emerged as a biocompatible, biodegradable, low-toxicity, and high-stability means for drug delivery to address the drawbacks associated with traditional medicine delivery methods. This review aims to highlight the dual benefit that lipids offer in maintaining good health for disease prevention and in the treatment of neurological diseases.

Development of sustainable downstream processing for nutritional oil production.

Nutritional oils (mainly omega-3 fatty acids) are receiving increased attention as critical supplementary compounds for the improvement and maintenance of human health and wellbeing. However, the predominant sources of these oils have historically shown numerous limitations relating to desirability and sustainability; hence the crucial focus is now on developing smarter, greener, and more environmentally favourable alternatives. This study was undertaken to consider and assess the numerous prevailing and emerging techniques implicated across the stages of fatty acid downstream processing. A structured and critical comparison of the major classes of disruption methodology (physical, chemical, thermal, and biological) is presented, with discussion and consideration of the viability of new extraction techniques. Owing to a greater desire for sustainable industrial practices, and a desperate need to make nutritional oils more available; great emphasis has been placed on the discovery and adoption of highly sought-after 'green' alternatives, which demonstrate improved efficiency and reduced toxicity compared to conventional practices. Based on these findings, this review also advocates new forays into application of novel nanomaterials in fatty acid separation to improve the sustainability of nutritional oil downstream processing. In summary, this review provides a detailed overview of the current and developing landscape of nutritional oil; and concludes that adoption and refinement of these sustainable alternatives could promptly allow for development of a more complete 'green' process for nutritional oil extraction; allowing us to better meet worldwide needs without costing the environment.

Shared Lifestyle-Related Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer: Evidence for Joint Prevention.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer are leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide and are the major focus of the World Health Organization's joint prevention programs. While, diverse diseases, CVD and cancer, have many similarities. These include common lifestyle-related risk factors and shared environmental, metabolic, cellular, inflammatory, and genetic pathways. In this review, we will discuss the shared lifestyle-related and environmental risk factors central to both diseases and how the strategies commonly used to prevent atherosclerotic vascular disease can be applied to cancer prevention.

Streptomyces phytophilus sp. nov., an endophytic actinobacterium with biosynthesis potential as an antibiotic producer.

An endophytic actinobacterium, strain PIP175T, was isolated from the root sample of a native apricot tree (Pittosporum angustifolium) growing on the Bedford Park campus of Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia. This strain is a Gram stain-positive, aerobic actinobacterium with well-developed substrate mycelia. Aerial mycelia rarely produce spores and the spore chain is spiral. Strain PIP175T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Streptomyces aculeolatus DSM 41644T (99.4 %). Other closely related phylogenetic representatives include Streptomyces synnematoformans DSM 41902T (98.3 %), Streptomyces albospinus NBRC 13846T (97.6 %), Streptomyces cacaoi subsp. cacaoi NRRL B-1220T (97.5 %) and Streptomyces ruber NBRC 14600T (97.4 %). The major cellular fatty acid of this strain was iso-C16 : 0 and the major menaquinone was MK-9(H6). The whole-cell sugar contained galactose, glucose and mannose. Chemotaxonomic data confirmed that strain PIP175T belonged to the genus Streptomyces. Digital DNA-DNA hybridization, average nucleotide identity based on blast and OrthoANIu results between strain PIP175T and S. aculeolatus DSM 41644T were 60.0, 94.1 and 94.9 %, respectively. Genotypic and phenotypic data and genome analysis results allowed the differentiation of strain PIP175T from its closest species with validly published names. Strain PIP175T showed good activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 03120385. Genome mining of strain PIP175T revealed biosynthetic genes encoding proteins relating to antibiotic production, plant growth promotion and biodegradation enzymes. The name proposed for the new species is Streptomyces phytophilus sp. nov. The type strain is PIP175T (=DSM 103379T=TBRC 6026T).

Web-tools for the genomic analysis of the 2022 Monkeypox virus global outbreak / Herramientas web para el análisis genómico del virus de la viruela símica durante el brote mundial de 2022

Abstract The resources and platforms available on the internet for collecting and sharing information and performing genomic sequence analysis have made it possible to follow closely the evolution the evolution of SARS-CoV-2. However, the current monkeypox outbreak in the world brings us back to the need to use these resources to appraise the extent of this outbreak. The objective of this work was an analysis of the information presented so far in the genomic database GISAID EpiPox™, using various tools available on the web. The results indicate that the monkeypox outbreak is referred as MPXV clade II B.1 lineage and sub-lineages, isolated from male patients mainly from the European and American continents. In the current scenario, the access to genomic sequences, epidemiological information, and tools available to the scientific community is of great importance for global public health in order to follow the evolution of pathogens.

Resumen Los recursos y plataformas disponibles en Internet para recopilar, compartir información y realizar análisis de secuencias genómicas han permitido seguir de cerca la evolución del SARS-CoV-2. El actual brote global de viruela del mono en el mundo, requiere de nuevo utilizar estos recursos para conocer el alcance de este brote. El objetivo de este trabajo fue un análisis de la información presentada hasta el momento en la base de datos genómica EpiPox™ de GISAID, utilizando diversas herramientas disponibles en la web. Los resultados indican que el brote de la viruela del mono o símica está referido al linaje y sub-linajes B.1 del clado II de MPXV, aislado principalmente de pacientes hombres de Europa y América. En el escenario actual, el acceso a las secuencias genómicas, la información epidemiológica, y las herramientas disponibles para la comunidad científica son de gran importancia para la salud pública mundial con el fin de seguir la evolución de los patógenos.

Streptomyces spinosus sp. nov. and Streptomyces shenzhenensis subsp. oryzicola subsp. nov. endophytic actinobacteria isolated from Jasmine rice and their genome mining for potential as antibiotic producers and plant growth promoters.

Two endophytic actinobacteria, strains SBTS01T and W18L9T, were isolated from leaf sheath and leaf tissue, respectively, of Jasmine rice (Oryza sativa KDML 105) grown in a rice paddy field in Roi Et Province, Thailand. A polyphasic taxonomic study showed that both strains belong to the genus Streptomyces; they are aerobic, forming well-developed substrate mycelia and aerial mycelia with long chains of spores. Strain SBTS01T shares high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Streptomyces rochei NRRL B-2410 T (99.0%) and Streptomyces naganishii NRRL ISP-5282 T (99.0%). Strain W18L9T shares high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Streptomyces shenzhenensis DSM 42034 T (99.7%). The genotypic and phenotypic properties of strains SBTS01T and W18L9T distinguish these two strains from the closely related species with validly published names. The genome analysis showed the dDDH, ANIb and ANIm values of the draft genome between strain SBTS01T and its close neighbour in the phylogenomic tree, Streptomyces corchorusii DSM 40340T to be 54.1, 92.6, and 94.3%, respectively; similarly for strain W18L9T and the closely related species S. shenzhenensis DSM 42034 T values were 72.5, 95.1 and 97.0%. The name proposed for the new species represented by the type strain SBTS01T is Streptomyces spinosus (= NRRL B-65636 T = TBRC 15052T). The name proposed for the novel subspecies of strain W18L9T is Streptomyces shenzhenensis subsp. oryzicola (= NRRL B-65635 T = TBRC 15051T). Recognition of this subspecies also permits the description of Streptomyces shenzhenensis subsp. shenzhenensis. Strains SBTS01T and W18L9T can produce antibiotic against rice and human pathogens and showed plant growth promoting properties such as production of indole acetic acid, cytokinin, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase, siderophores and cellulase. Genomic data mining of these two strains confirmed their potential as antibiotic producers and plant growth promoters. Their genomes contain multiple biosynthetic gene clusters including those for terpene, type 1, 2 and 3 polyketide synthase, Non-ribosomal peptide synthetase and lanthipeptides. Genes encoding plant growth promoting traits such; nitrogen fixation, ACC deaminase, siderophore production and stress-related adaption may have ecological significance.

Cytobacts: Abundant and Diverse Vertically Seed-Transmitted Cultivation-Recalcitrant Intracellular Bacteria Ubiquitous to Vascular Plants.

We have recently described 'Cytobacts' as abundant intracellular endophytic bacteria inhabiting live plant cells based on the observations with callus and cell suspension cultures of grapevine and other plant species with the origin ascribable to field explants. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of such cytoplasmic bacterial associations in field plants across different taxa, their cultivability, and the extent of taxonomic diversity and explored the possibility of their embryo-mediated vertical transmission. Over 100 genera of field plants were surveyed for 'Cytobacts' through bright-field live-cell imaging as per our previous experience using fresh tissue sections from surface-sterilized shoot-tissues with parallel cultivation-based assessments. This revealed widespread cellular bacterial associations visualized as copious motile micro-particles in the cytoplasm with no or sparse colony forming units (CFU) from the tissue-homogenates indicating their general non-cultivability. Based on the ease of detection and the abundance of 'Cytobacts' in fresh tissue sections, the surveyed plants were empirically classified into three groups: (i) motile bacteria detected instantly in most cells; (ii) motility not so widely observed, but seen in some cells; and (iii) only occasional motile units observed, but abundant non-motile bacterial cells present. Microscopy versus 16S-rRNA V3-V4 amplicon profiling on shoot-tip tissues of four representative plants-tomato, watermelon, periwinkle, and maize-showed high bacterial abundance and taxonomic diversity (11-15 phyla) with the dominance of Proteobacteria followed by Firmicutes/Actinobacteria, and several other phyla in minor shares. The low CFU/absence of bacterial CFU from the tissue homogenates on standard bacteriological media endorsed their cultivation-recalcitrance. Intracellular bacterial colonization implied that the associated organisms are able to transmit vertically to the next generation through the seed-embryos. Microscopy and 16S-rRNA V3-V4 amplicon/metagenome profiling of mature embryos excised from fresh watermelon seeds revealed heavy embryo colonization by diverse bacteria with sparse or no CFU. Observations with grapevine fresh fruit-derived seeds and seed-embryos endorsed the vertical transmission by diverse cultivation-recalcitrant endophytic bacteria (CREB). By and large, Proteobacteria formed the major phylum in fresh seed-embryos with varying shares of diverse phyla. Thus, we document 'Cytobacts' comprising diverse and vertically transmissible CREBs as a ubiquitous phenomenon in vascular plants.

Factors affecting the isolation and diversity of marine sponge-associated bacteria.

Marine sponges are an ideal source for isolating as yet undiscovered microorganisms with some sponges having about 50% of their biomass composed of microbial symbionts. This study used a variety of approaches to investigate the culturable diversity of the sponge-associated bacterial community from samples collected from the South Australian marine environment. Twelve sponge samples were selected from two sites and their bacterial population cultivated using seven different agar media at two temperatures and three oxygen levels over 3 months. These isolates were identified using microscopic, macroscopic, and 16S rRNA gene analysis. A total of 1234 bacterial colonies were isolated which consisted of four phyla: Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes, containing 21 genera. The diversity of the bacterial population was demonstrated to be influenced by the type of isolation medium, length of the incubation period and temperature, sponge type, and oxygen level. The findings of this study showed that marine sponges of South Australia can yield considerable bacterial culturable diversity if a comprehensive isolation strategy is implemented. Two sponges, with the highest and the lowest diversity of culturable isolates, were examined using next-generation sequencing to better profile the bacterial population. A marked difference in terms of phyla and genera was observed using culture-based and culture-independent approaches. This observed variation displays the importance of utilizing both methods to reflect a more complete picture of the microbial population of marine sponges. KEY POINTS: Improved bacterial diversity due to long incubations, 2 temperatures, and 3 oxygen levels. Isolates identified by morphology, restriction digests, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. At least 70% of culturable genera were not revealed by NGS methods.

Purification and Characterization of a Novel Alginate Lyase from a Marine Streptomyces Species Isolated from Seaweed.

Alginate, a natural polysaccharide derived from brown seaweed, is finding multiple applications in biomedicine via its transformation through chemical, physical, and, increasingly, enzymatic processes. In this study a novel alginate lyase, AlyDS44, was purified and characterized from a marine actinobacterium, Streptomyces luridiscabiei, which was isolated from decomposing seaweed. The purified enzyme had a specific activity of 108.6 U/mg, with a molecular weight of 28.6 kDa, and was composed of 260 amino acid residues. AlyDS44 is a bifunctional alginate lyase, active on both polyguluronate and polymannuronate, though it preferentially degrades polyguluronate. The optimal pH of this enzyme is 8.5 and the optimal temperature is 45 °C. It is a salt-tolerant alginate lyase with an optimal activity at 0.6 M NaCl. Metal ions Mn2+, Co2+, and Fe2+ increased the alginate degrading activity, but it was inhibited in the presence of Zn2+ and Cu2+. The highly conserved regions of its amino acid sequences indicated that AlyDS44 belongs to the polysaccharide lyase family 7. The main breakdown products of the enzyme on alginate were disaccharides, trisaccharides, and tetrasaccharides, which demonstrated that this enzyme acted as an endo-type alginate lyase. AlyDS44 is a novel enzyme, with the potential for efficient production of alginate oligosaccharides with low degrees of polymerization.

The AED Project: Multiorganization Collaboration to Streamline Automatic External Defibrillator Data in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrests.

BACKGROUND: In patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), automated external defibrillator (AED) devices contain valuable data about the patient's initial rhythm. The retrieval process was previously without protocol, despite its critical role in the patient journey. METHODS: Through a Plan-Do-Study-Act model, the cardiology department at Royal Jubilee Hospital (Victoria, British Columbia, Canada) collaborated with provincial emergency health services (British Columbia Emergency Health Services) to cocreate a request process for data from AEDs used by first responders. British Columbia Fire Departments, which are under municipal oversight, required an alternate strategy. Educational presentations allowed for feedback and spread. Patients surviving OHCA and transfer to the regional cardiac centre were consecutively enrolled from November 2018 to April 2020. We evaluated the timeliness of AED information retrieval, and tracked the process to admission. A retrospective chart review informed specifics after admission. A survey to the Coronary Intensive Care Unit staff was used to assess clinical utility. RESULTS: Seventy-one consecutive patients were enrolled during the study period. Seven rhythm strips arrived with the patient, thus not affected by the initiative. From the remaining 64 cases, 80% (n = 51/64) were received within 48 hours, and 88% (n = 45/51) were received within 24 hours with a median of 1 hour. Eighteen Coronary Intensive Care Unit staff completed the survey; 81% reported AED data as "very useful" to clinical decision-making (n = 13/16). The AED rhythm strips provided insight into OHCA etiology (100%; n = 11/11), supported evidence for diagnoses (100%; n = 11/11), and reduced unnecessary testing (64%; n = 7/11). CONCLUSIONS: Implementing an organized protocol allowed for timely access to AED data, which was directly integrated into clinical decision-making and positively affected hospital stay.

CONTEXTE: Lorsqu'un patient subit un arrêt cardiaque extrahospitalier (ACEH), le défibrillateur externe automatisé (DEA) utilisé par les premiers intervenants contient des données précieuses sur son rythme cardiaque initial. Malgré l'importance de ces données pour le parcours du patient, leur récupération n'était auparavant soumise à aucun protocole. MÉTHODOLOGIE: Dans le cadre d'une initiative fondée sur le modèle Planifier, Développer, Contrôler, Ajuster, le service de cardiologie de l'hôpital Royal Jubilee (Victoria, Colombie-Britannique, Canada) a travaillé en collaboration avec les services médicaux d'urgence de la province (British Columbia Emergency Health Services) afin de créer un processus de demande des données enregistrées dans les DEA utilisés par les premiers intervenants. Pour les services des incendies de la Colombie-Britannique, qui relèvent des administrations municipales, il a fallu adopter une autre stratégie. Des séances de sensibilisation ont permis de recueillir une rétroaction et de diffuser l'information. Nous avons retenu pour notre étude les cas des patients consécutifs qui ont survécu à un ACEH et ont été transférés à un centre de cardiologie régional entre novembre 2018 et avril 2020. Nous avons évalué le caractère opportun de la récupération des données des DEA et fait le suivi du processus jusqu'à l'admission du patient à l'hôpital. L'examen rétrospectif des dossiers a permis d'obtenir les données recueillies après l'admission. Un sondage a été mené auprès du personnel de l'unité de soins intensifs de cardiologie pour évaluer l'utilité clinique de l'initiative. RÉSULTATS: Au total, 71 patients consécutifs ont été recrutés durant la période de l'étude. Sept patients sont arrivés à l'hôpital avec le tracé de l'enregistrement de leur rythme cardiaque, et n'ont donc pas été touchés par l'initiative. Sur les 64 autres cas, 80 % (n = 51/64) des tracés ont été obtenus dans les 48 heures, et 88 % (n = 45/51), dans les 24 heures, l'intervalle médian étant de 1 heure. En tout, 18 membres du personnel de l'unité de soins intensifs de cardiologie ont répondu au sondage; 81 % d'entre eux ont dit que les données des DEA étaient « très utiles ¼ à la prise de décisions cliniques (n = 13/16). Les tracés du rythme cardiaque produits par les DEA ont permis de mieux comprendre l'étiologie des ACEH (100 %; n = 11/11), fourni des données facilitant le diagnostic (100 %; n = 11/11) et réduit l'exécution de tests non nécessaires (64 %; n = 7/11). CONCLUSIONS: La mise en œuvre d'un protocole structuré a permis d'accéder en temps opportun aux données des DEA, qui ont été directement prises en compte dans la prise de décisions cliniques et ont eu un effet positif sur l'hospitalisation.

Pseudonocardia pini sp. nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from roots of the pine tree Callitris preissii.

A Gram-positive, aerobic, actinobacterial strain with rod-shaped spores, CAP47RT, which was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of a native pine tree (Callitris preissii), grown in South Australia is described. The major cellular fatty acid of this strain was iso-H-C16:1 and major menaquinone was MK-8(H4). The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was identified as meso-diaminopimelic acid. These chemotaxonomic data confirmed the affiliation of strain CAP47RT to the genus Pseudonocardia. Phylogenetic evaluation based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis placed this strain in the family Pseudonocardiaceae, being most closely related to Pseudonocardia xishanensis JCM 17906T (98.8%), Pseudonocardia oroxyli DSM 44984T (98.7%), Pseudonocardia thailandensis CMU-NKS-70T (98.7%), and Pseudonocardia ailaonensis DSM 44979T (97.9%). The results of the polyphasic study which contain genome comparisons of ANIb, ANIm, and digital DNA-DNA hybridization revealed the differentiation of strain CAP47RT from the closest species with validated names. This strain represents a novel species and the name proposed for this microorganism is Pseudonocardia pini sp. nov., indicating the source of this actinobacterium from a pine tree. The type strain is CAP47RT (= DSM 108967T = NRRL B-65534T). Genome mining revealed that this strain contained a variety of genes encoding enzymes that can degrade hazardous chemicals.

Streptomyces adelaidensis sp. nov., an actinobacterium isolated from the root of Callitris preissii with potential for plant growth-promoting properties.

An endophytic actinobacterium, strain CAP261T was isolated from the surface sterilized root of Callitris preissii (Australian native pine tree). As a result of a polyphasic taxonomy study, this strain was identified as a member of the genus Streptomyces. This strain was an aerobic actinobacterium with well-developed substrate mycelia with loop spore chains and the spore surfaces are verrucose. The closest phylogenetic members which shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequences similarity was Streptomyces bottropensis ATCC 25435 T at 98.1%. Chemotaxonomic data including cell wall components, major menaquinones, and major fatty acids confirmed the affiliation of strain CAP261T to the genus Streptomyces. The results of the phylogenetic analysis, including physiological and biochemical studies in combination with genome comparison study, allowed the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain CAP261T and the closest species with validly published names. ANIb, ANIm and dDDH values of strain CAP261T and S. bottropensis ATCC 25435 T were 86.7%, 89.2% and 33.9%, respectively. The name proposed for the new species is Streptomyces adelaidensis sp. nov. The type strain is CAP261T (= DSM 42026 T = NRRL B-24814 T).

Micromonospora veneta sp. nov., an endophytic actinobacterium with potential for nitrogen fixation and for bioremediation.

Strain CAP181T, an endophytic actinobacterium, was isolated from a surface sterilized root sample of a native pine tree, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia. Chemotaxonomic data including cell wall components, major fatty acids, and major menaquinones confirmed the affiliation of strain CAP181T to the genus Micromonospora. This strain was Gram stain positive with well-developed substrate mycelia to form a single spore with hairy surface. The phylogenetic tree showed that M. coerulea NBRC 13504 T is the closest phylogenetic neighbour, sharing 99.2% 16S rRNA gene similarity and the next closest neighbor is M. chaiyaphumensis DSM 45246 T (98.7%). Genome mining of this strain revealed genes encoding to enzymes relating to nitrogen fixation and bioremediation. Based on genotypic and phenotypic studies including DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain CAP181T was different from any of the closely related species with valid names. The name proposed for the new species is Micromonospora veneta sp. nov. The type strain is CAP181T (= DSM 109713 T = NRRL B-65535 T).

Genome mining and description of Streptomyces albidus sp. nov., an endophytic actinobacterium with antibacterial potential.

An endophytic actinobacterium, strain CAP215T was isolated from the root sample of a native pine tree (Callitris preissii), Adelaide, South Australia. This strain was a Gram stain-positive, aerobic actinobacterium with well-developed substrate mycelia. It produced spiral chains of spores. The closest phylogenetic members which shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity were Streptomyces marinus DSM 41968T, Streptomyces haliclonae DSM 41970T and Streptomyces karpasiensis K413T at 98.2%, 98.0% and 97.9%, respectively. The major cellular fatty acid of this strain was anteiso-C15:0 and major menaquinone was MK-9(H4). Polar lipids of strain CAP215T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol dimannoside and two unknown glycolipids. Chemotaxonomic data confirmed strain CAP215T belonged to the genus Streptomyces. Genome of strain CAP215T was 6.65 Mb with 69.8% DNA G + C content and contains 5992 coding sequences (CDS). Biosynthesis Genes Clusters (BGCs) comprised post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) cluster, genes encoding enzyme relating to antibiotic production; actinorhodin, surfactin and tetracenomycin. Genome mining of this strain identified genes encoding proteins relating to plant growth promotion such as pyrophosphatase, ectoine synthase, superoxide dismutase and siderophore production; penibactin and desferrioxamine E. Genes encoding beneficial enzymes; amylase, ß-xylosidase, chitinase, lipase and protease were detected. The genome of this strain contained genes encoding enzymes degrading xenobiotic compounds such as 2,4-dichlorophenol 6-monooxygenase, nitroreductase and epoxide hydrolase. Also, genes encoding squalene, hopene and betacarotenoid production were observed. Digital DNA-DNA (dDDH) hybridization, Average Nucleotide Identity BLAST (ANIb), ANI-MUMmer (ANIm) between strain CAP215T and S. marinus DSM 41968T were 25.4 %, 82% and 86.4%, respectively. The data on the genotypic and phenotypic characteristics and genome analysis recognized the differentiation of strain CAP215T with the closest species with valid names. The name Streptomyces albidus sp. nov. was proposed for which the type strain is CAP215T (= DSM 42025T = NRRL B-24815T).