Violation of digital and analog academic integrity through the eyes of faculty members and students: Do institutional role and technology change ethical perspectives?

This study aimed to address the gap in the literature through a comprehensive comparison of different types of violations of academic integrity (VAI), cheating, plagiarism, fabrication and facilitation (Pavela in J College Univ Law 24(1):1-22, 1997), conducted in analog versus digital settings, as well as students' and faculty members' perceptions regarding their severity. The study explored differences in perceptions regarding students' VAI and penalties for VAI among 1482 students and 42 faculty members. Furthermore, we explored the impact of socio-demographic characteristics (ethnic majority vs. minority students), gender, and academic degree on the perceived severity of VAI. Presented with a battery of scenarios, participants assessed the severity of penalties imposed by a university disciplinary committee. Furthermore, participants selected the penalties they deemed appropriate for violations engaged in by students, including: reprimanding, financial, academic, and accessibility penalties. All participants tended to suggest more severe penalties for VAI conducted in traditional analog environments than for the same offenses in digital settings. Students perceived all four types of penalties imposed by the disciplinary committee to be significantly more severe than faculty members. Moreover, findings demonstrated a significant difference between faculty and students in both perceptions of the severity of VAI and in relation to suggested punishments. Consistent with the Self-Concept Maintenance Model (Mazar et al. in J Mark Res 45(6):633-644, 2008) and Neutralizing Effect (Brimble, in: Bretag (ed) Handbook of academic integrity, SpringerNature, Singapore, pp 365-382, 2016), ethnic minority students estimated cheating, plagiarism, and facilitation violations as more severe than majority students. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.

Hip Arthroscopy: extra-articular Procedures.

Hip preservation is one of the fastest growing fields in orthopaedics and indications of intra-articular procedures are well established. In the last decade, extra-articular procedures have gained momentum and arthroscopic solutions to peri-articular hip pathologies have been offered. It should be noted that many of these pathologies are well-treated conservatively and only those who fail conservative management should be treated operatively. These indications can be divided into 5 categories: greater trochanteric pain syndrome; internal hip snapping; anterior inferior iliac spine/sub-spine impingement; sciatic nerve entrapment; and proximal hamstring injuries. This article reviews the anatomy, patient history and physical examination, imaging, non-operative treatment, endoscopic operative treatment and outcomes of each category. While indications for hip arthroscopy, specifically extra-articular procedures, are rising steadily, there is not enough data to support its superiority over open procedures. Current literature consists of case studies, case reports, and expert opinions and lacks large, randomised control studies.

Informal (Hallway) medical consultation in orthopedics-is it as common as it seems?

INTRODUCTION: Informal (hallway) medical consultation is an integral part of the physician's work. As musculoskeletal complaints are very common, orthopedic surgeons stand in the frontline of this practice. Many of these consultations are poorly, if at all, documented, thus imposing a potential medical danger to the patient and a medicolegal danger to the surgeon. We conducted this first study to examine whether this practice is common among the orthopedic surgeons in university hospital. METHODS: In this prospective study, a 2-month record of informal consultations was kept. Six orthopedic surgeons-two joint reconstruction surgeons, one spine surgeon, two arthroscopy and sports medicine surgeons, and a shoulder surgeon participated. They recorded the details of the consulter, whether the consultation was for himself or somebody else, the major complaint, and whether it was a second opinion. All patients were advised to go to the formal orthopedic consultation and no advice or treatment was given. At the end of 2 months, each surgeon was asked to evaluate the percentage of cases he had failed to report. RESULTS: During the 2-month period, 158 people asked for informal (hallway) consultations. 11 of them (7%) were physicians, 114 (72%) were other hospital personnel, 26 (17%) were unrelated to hospital, and 6 (4%) were treated patients' relatives. 93 (59%) of consultations were about the consulter himself and the rest were about a relative or a friend. 41 (26%) were requests for a second opinion. The estimated percentage of not reported cases was 10-40%; when the number of consultations was corrected for these figures, it reached 208 consultations in 2 months. DISCUSSION: In this prospective study, six participating surgeons recorded 158 informal consultation requests in 2 months. If a correction is performed, it averages 0.6 consultations a day for a surgeon (or, if only workdays are counted-0.8 consultations a day). Orthopedic surgeons should be aware of this frequent habit and send these patients to a formal consultation.

Polyethylene liner cementation technique in asymptomatic versus symptomatic osteolysis.

Osteolysis around a cementless acetabular component can lead to severe bone loss. This study examined whether osteolysis should be treated while still asymptomatic. Thirty-seven liner cementation revisions were performed in 34 patients. Mean patient age was 61 years, and mean time elapsed after index surgery was 85 months (range, 36-168 months). Patients were evaluated by Harris Hip Score (HHS), and mean follow-up was 5 years (range, 43-82 months). Average HHS was 87 with a pain component of 39. In asymptomatic patients, both the HHS and the pain score were significantly higher: 95 and 43, respectively (P<.01). One patient with extensive bone loss had a fracture of the acetabulum and underwent revision at another institution. Revision of the polyethylene liner and cementation of a new one is a useful technique in patients with a stable acetabular shell. This is especially true for asymptomatic patients with osteolysis and thus should be performed early; however, high dislocation rate is still a concern.

Guided bone regeneration in the treatment of segmental diaphyseal defects: a comparison between resorbable and non-resorbable membranes.

This study compares non-absorbable, ethyl cellulose (EC) membranes and absorbable, chitosan (CH) membranes in a rabbit model. Bone regeneration, evaluated by radiological and pathological parameters, was seen in both groups. In the EC group the process was faster but was followed by a sharp decrease, whereas in the CH group it was slower and continuous.

Quantification of guided regeneration of weight-bearing bones.

An accurate histological evaluation system was established to improve and quantify the compatibility of membranes to provide bone regeneration in a large mid-diaphyseal bone defect, complementing radiographic evaluation. New bone formation obtained in critical segmental defects covered with tubular ethyl cellulose membranes was examined. Computerized radiography showed gradual new bone formation, which slows after 6 weeks. In a parallel histomorphological assessment, a characteristic process of new bone formation occurs inside the confined space and surrounding tissues. Histological findings are summarized according to the new scoring system, which clarifies the mechanism and provides complementary quantification of guided bone regeneration.

Light aircraft crash--a case analysis of injuries.

BACKGROUND: As air travel increases and the number of commercial and non-commercial flights rises, so does the number of aircraft accidents. The improved safety standards of the aviation industry result in a growing number of survivors of aircraft crashes, but there are no management guidelines for the treatment of these survivors. OBJECTIVES: To present our experience in treating five survivors of a light aircraft crash that occurred in August 1995 near Jerusalem. RESULTS: All five survivors sustained vertebral column injuries, which was the only injury in most of the survivors. We discuss the mechanism of injury. CONCLUSIONS: Investigation of injuries' pattern in survivors of aircraft crash is important for establishing management protocols in trauma centers.