Sequential mediation model of social support, care burden, and internalized stigma among family function and depression in caregivers of patients with schizophrenia: evidence from a cross-sectional study in southwest China.

PURPOSE: There is a lack of comprehensive measurements and systematic evaluations of the depression in caregivers of patients with psychiatric disorders and the factors influencing them in China. This study aims to explore the relationship between family function and depression in caregivers of patients with schizophrenia at the individual, family, and social levels according to the ecological system theory and attachment theory. METHODS: In this study, multi-stage, stratified cluster sampling was adopted to sample caregivers of patients with schizophrenia as subjects from one to three counties of four counties in Yunnan, from September 2022 to March 2023. Collecting the current caregiver's demographic data, family functions, social support, care burden, depression and internalized stigma. RESULTS: The results of single-factor analysis show that age, education level, relationship with patients, and the degree of self-care of patients are the influencing factors of depression of people living with schizophrenia (p < 0.05). The scores of self-rating depression scale are higher for caregivers who have not received formal education, caregivers who cannot take care of themselves and the parents, spouses and children of patients. The results of Pearson correlation analysis show that depression is positively associated with internalized stigma and care burden, and negatively associated with social support and family function (p < 0.05). The results of multiple linear regression show that after controlling age, education level, the patient's self-care capacity, and relationship with patient, the internalized stigma (ß = 0.184, p = 0.01) is positively correlated with depression. The mediation effect route of family function → social support → care burden → internalized stigma → depression was significant with 95% confidence interval [-0.150, -0.01], and the chained mediation effect was 5.904%. CONCLUSIONS: To reduce the depression level in family caregivers of schizophrenia, apart from taking measures to improve the caregiver's family function, enhancing social support, decreasing care burden, and reducing internalized stigma are suggested.

Nutritional therapy bridges the critical cut-off point for the closed-loop role of type 2 diabetes and bone homeostasis: A narrative review.

Currently, osteoporosis-related fractures become the most cutting-edge problem of diabetes-related complications. Rational diet is not only the basis of glycemic management in type 2 diabetes patients, but also the direction of diabetic bone health. This review highlights the importance of micronutrient supplementation (including calcium, magnesium, zinc, vitamin D, vitamin K, and vitamin C) for patients with T2DM, as well as describing the constructive intermediary role of gut flora between T2DM and bone through nutrients predominantly high in dietary fiber. In addition, it is recommended to combine the Mediterranean dietary pattern with other diversified management approaches to prevent OP. Therefore, this provides a theoretical basis for the potential role of islet ß-cells in promoting bone health.

Study on the Association Between Dietary Quality and Overweight/Obesity of Han Nationality with Cold in Yunnan Plateau by DBI-16 - A Study Based on a Multi-Ethnic Cohort in China.

Background: In recent years, with the rapidly development of economic globalization, residents' dietary structure has undergone major changes, and diet have emerged as an important environmental factors linked to the increased incidence of obesity. Therefore, evaluating the overall dietary quality and structure of residents, further clarifying the main dietary factors that lead to disease occurrence, is of great practical significance for disease prevention and control. Methods: Baseline data from the China Multi-Ethnic Cohort study (CMEC), Han people living in high-altitude and cold regions of Yunnan Province, which was 1518 participants. In this study, the dietary balance index (DBI-16) was used (i) To evaluate the dietary quality of Han nationality residents 30-79 years old in the Yunnan plateau; (ii) To analyze the correlation between the dietary quality and overweight/obesity; (iii) And to provide reference basis of nutritional intervention for local residents and explore the main dietary factors affecting their health status. Results: The dietary structure of the Han nationality residents in the cold regions of Yunnan plateau is unreasonable. Firstly, the intake of cereals, fruits, dairy, eggs and fishes is insufficient to varying degrees, while the intake of beans, poultry, and cooking oil is relatively high. Secondly, the dietary patterns of normal groups, the overweight and obese groups obeyed the A, E, H and I dietary patterns, and the serum Leptin and adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (A-FABP) levels of the overweight and obese group were higher than the normal group between the different dietary patterns (P < 0.05, r > 0). Additionally, excessive dietary intake was positively correlated with a higher serum UCP1 level (P < 0.05, r > 0). In comparison, insufficient dietary intake was positively correlated with a higher serum A-FABP level (P < 0.05, r > 0). Conclusion: Through the DBI-16, it is found that the dietary structure of the Han nationality residents in the cold regions of Yunnan plateau was in a serious imbalance state, and nutritional guidance and intervention should be further strengthened.

Cylindrical vector beams demultiplexing optical communication based on spin-dependent vortex Dammann grating.

The amount of information is increasing rapidly to reach the capacity limit of single mode fiber. Cylindrical vector beams (CVBs) as the eigenmodes of fiber have been demonstrated to increase the capacity in multiplexing optical communication. As a key component of CVB multiplexing, a sorter based on spin-dependent vortex Dammann grating has advantages of uniform power distribution and compact size. Here, we propose and demonstrate a spin-dependent vortex Dammann grating device that can realize the sorting of multiple CVBs. By a spin-dependent focusing lens, the spin components of the CVBs are selectively focused or derived; therefore, the coaxially incident CVBs are separated effectively. We also experimentally demonstrate the CVB demultiplexing communication enabled by the grating with low channel cross talk satisfying the communication requirement.