Temperature Dependence of the Dynamic Contact Angles of Water on a Smooth Stainless-Steel Surface under Elevated Pressures.

The temperature dependence of the dynamic contact angles (DCAs) of water on a metallic surface remains unclear, especially under elevated pressures. Here in this work, the advancing and receding contact angles (RCAs), as well as the contact angle hysteresis (CAH), of water on stainless-steel 316 (SS316) surfaces were studied using the dynamic sessile drop method for temperatures up to 300 °C and pressures up to 10 MPa. It was found that the temperature dependence of the DCAs exhibits a different pattern as compared to the piecewise linear decline of static contact angles. The advancing contact angle (ACA) remains nearly constant and does not decrease until the temperature becomes close to the saturated temperature. The decrease in ACA is attributed to evaporation, which reduces the advancement of energy barrier. The RCA linearly declines below 120 °C and remains stable above 120 °C. The increasing temperature enhances the pinning effect and changes the droplet receding mode. Under all pressures tested, the CAH demonstrates a "increase-constant-decrease" trilinear relationship with temperature. Furthermore, the mean solid surface entropy and solid-gas interfacial tension of SS316 were estimated to be 0.1152 mJ/(m2·°C) and 61.49 mJ/m2, respectively.

[A Prediction Model for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Mother-to-Child Transmission Based on the Expression Levels of Selenoprotein Genes].

Objective To study the expression of selenoprotein genes in human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infection and its mother-to-child transmission,so as to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention,diagnosis,and treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.Methods The dataset GSE4124 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO).Two groups of HIV-positive mothers(n=25)and HIV-negative mothers(n=20)were designed.HIV-positive mothers included a subset of transmitter(TR)mothers(n=11)and non-transmitter(NTR)mothers(n=14).Then,t-test was carried out to compare the expression levels of selenoprotein genes between the four groups(HIV-positive vs. HIV-negative,NTR vs. HIV-negative,TR vs. HIV-negative,TR vs. NTR).Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression were adopted to analyze the effects of differentially expressed genes on HIV infection and mother-to-child transmission.R software was used to establish a nomogram prediction model and evaluate the model performance.Results Compared with the HIV-negative group,HIV-positive,NTR,and TR groups had 8,5 and 8 down-regulated selenoprotein genes,respectively.Compared with the NTR group,the TR group had 4 down-regulated selenoprotein genes.Univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that abnormally high expression of GPX1,GPX3,GPX4,TXNRD1,TXNRD3,and SEPHS2 affected HIV infection and had no effect on mother-to-child transmission.The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the abnormally high expression of TXNRD3(OR=0.032,95%CI=0.002-0.607,P=0.022)was positively correlated with HIV infection.As for the nomogram prediction model,the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve for 1-year survival of HIV-infected patients was 0.840(95%CI=0.690-1.000),and that for 3-year survival of HIV-infected patients was 0.870(95%CI=0.730-1.000).Conclusions Multiple selenoprotein genes with down-regulated expression levels were involved in the regulation of HIV infection and mother-to-child transmission.The abnormal high expression of TXNRD3 was positively correlated with HIV infection.The findings provide new ideas for the prevention,diagnosis,and treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

[Expression and Regulatory Mechanism of Autophagy-related Genes in Synovial Tissues of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis].

Objective To investigate the expression regulation of autophagy-related genes(ATG)and the mechanism of autophagy in rheumatoid arthritis(RA).Methods The differentially expressed genes(DEG)of RA were identified from GSE55235 and GSE55457,on the basis of which the differentially expressed autophagy-related genes(DE-ATG)were selected from the Human Autophagy Database.STRING 11.0 and GeneMANIA were used to establish protein-protein interaction networks.Further,the transcription factor-gene-miRNA co-expression network was established via NetworkAnalyst and Cytoscape.Finally,receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve and DrugBank were employed to evaluate the efficacy of the predicted biomarkers and the performance of drugs targeting DE-ATG.GraphPad Prism 8.2.1 and R 4.0.3 were used for statistical analysis and graphics.Results A total of 485 DEG were enriched in signaling pathways such as T cell activation,hormone regulation,osteoclast differentiation,RA,and chemokines.Eleven DE-ATG regulated the expression of RUNX1,TP53,SOX2,and hsa-mir-155-5p in synovial tissues of RA patients and were involved in the response to environmental factors such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin and silicon dioxide.The ROC curve analysis identified the DE-ATG with good sensitivity and specificity,such as MYC,MAPK8,CDKN1A,and TNFSF10,which can be used to distinguish certain phenotypes and serve as novel biomarkers for RA.Conclusions In RA,down-regulated DE-ATG expression may promote apoptosis and lysis of chondrocytes.The identified novel biomarkers provides new ideas and methods for diagnosing and treating RA.The establishment of transcription factor-miRNA-gene co-expression network provides direct evidence for dissecting synovial inflammation and articular cartilage destruction.