[Mitochondrial aspects of fatigue in sports]. / Mitokhondrial'nye aspekty utomleniya v sporte.

National literature on fatigue in sports related to mitochondrial activity and possible drug and non-drug correction approaches over the past 5 years was reviewed. The significance of acidosis as a factor limiting muscle activity, energy production, adenosine triphosphate utilization, and activation of lipid peroxidation was shown. The results of ultrastructure studies in the modulation of gene expression related to the characteristics of tonic and phasic muscles and a histochemical method of assessing the types of these muscle fibers are presented. Options of overtraining prevention in sports by drug and non-drug methods are evaluated.

[Transcranial electrostimulation and serotonin laser phoresis in the athletes experiencing a combined effect of fatigue and psycho-emotional stress]. / Transkranial'naia élektrostimuliatsiia i lazeroforez serotonina u sportsmenov pri sochetanii utomleniia i psikhoémotsional'nogo stressa.

RATIONALE: At sports submaximal loads accompanied by muscle fatigue due to metabolic transformations, the conditions are created for the development of combined endogenous and exogenous emotional stresses. An important role in the development of stress is played by the state of adaptation mechanisms, in which sintoxic and catatoxic programs are involved, as well as the GABA-dopaminergic system. There is insufficient information on the possibilities for reducing the manifestations of stress. PURPOSE: The objective of the presser study was to estimate the possibilities for the prevention of the development of psycho-emotional stress with the use of transcranial electrostimulation in the combination with serotonin laser phoresis. METHODS: The assessment of the psychological status before and after transcranial electrostimulation in the combination with serotonin laser phoresis was performed in 96 athletes who were engaged in weightlifting and athletic gymnastics, as well as in 37 athletes comprising the control group in the state of sparing rest. Transcranial electrostimulation was carried out during 14 days. The laser phoresis of serotonin was conducted with the application of the Matrix device and transcranial electrostimulation with the use of the Magnon-DKS apparatus. The assessment of the psychological status was carried out based on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the results of the well-being-activity-mood (WAM) questionnaire and in accordance with the Hildebrandt index, and the Spielberger-Hanin test. RESULTS: The two-week course of exposure to transcranial electrostimulation and serotonin laser phoresis of the patients comprising the main group resulted in a faster stabilization of the psychological status than in the control group. This effect was due to the multi-component involvement of the athletes in the adaptation programs including the management of homeostasis and the influence on the GABA-dopaminergic system via the serotonin and opioidergic mechanisms. CONCLUSION: The results of this study give reason to recommend the proposed method of transcranial electrostimulation and serotonin laser phoresis for the use in sports medicine.

[The application of electrolaser myostimulation and laserophoresis of biologically active compounds in sports medicine (a review)].

This scientific review highlights peculiarities of the delivery of laser radiation to the tissues of the athlete's body by means of laser electrophoresis of biologically active substances and the possibilities for electrolaser myostimulation. The main features of electrical myostimulation based on the application of laser-generated radiation are described. The authors emphasize the necessity of taking into account the neurophysiological dependence of active and passive contractile muscular activity during training. They provide the scientifically grounded rationale for the combined use of coherent laser radiation and electrical stimulation. The list of scientific papers that confirm the effectiveness of the method being considered is presented. The authors compare this method with other techniques for the induced ion transfer. The beneficial influence of laserphoresis of succinic and hyaluronic acids on the athlete's body is reported with special reference to alleviating the pain syndrome. A number of phyto-extracts used for the purpose of laser electrophoresis are characterized. The authors demonstrate the application of the optional versions of this technique in various sports during the training and competition periods.

[Relationship between the Parameters of Muscular and Cardiovascular Systems in Graded Exercise Testing in Subjects Doing Regular Exercises and Sports].

We analyzed the relationship between EMG and ECG parameters during graded step-dosed exercises with the use of bicycle ergometer in subjects doing regular exercises and sports. We observed the dynamics of EMG and ECG parameters in graded exercise testing. During physical activity of low intensity, muscular effort is mainly due to an increase in the heart rate; during activity of high intensity, the electrophysiological processes of the whole myocardium are involved. The interrelation of the parameters of muscular and cardiovascular systems was proved to increase with the intensity of physical activity.

[Assessment of cardiorespiratory functions in patients receiving suggestive psychotherapy].

It is shown that suggestive psychotherapy based on verbal suggestions provides a tool for individual correction of the patient's functional state. It reduces sympathetic and promotes parasympathetic influences, decreases high initial level of psychoemotional tension, and normalizes relationship between cardiac and respiratory rhythms. Also, suggestive psychotherapy has beneficial effect on the psychological sphere and subjective feeling of well-being, reduces anxiety, strengthens the sense of confidence and hope for a cure.

[Operator's systemic quanta under psychoregulating acts]. / Sistemnye "kvanty" deiatel'nosti operatorov v usloviiakh psikhoreguliatornykh vozdeistvii.

The aim of this study is to examine psychoregulatory effects for computer operator's rehabilitation. K. V. Sudakov's systemic quantum behavior conception as a methodological basis for human activity study. The comparison of quantum characteristics, such as motivation, activity result and its physiological cost up prior to and after psychoregulation for different groups of human biotypology has shown that the systemic quantum of the operator's activity is the reliable indicator of a functional condition. It has indicated that this way for rehabilitation is more effective for human beings who have predominantly parasympathicotonia and rather high initial motivation levels.

[Systemic quanta of human productive activity]. / Sistemnye kvanty proizvodstvennoi deiatel'nosti cheloveka.

The autonomic maintenance of the productive activity of workers of different skills was studied at the electron-optical assembly shop. The concept of systemic quantum behavior developed by K. V. Sudakov by which any behavior is regarded as a sequence of the discrete systemic units "quanta". It is suggested that the discretion of a working behavior reflects that of bioarrhythmic organization of physiological functions.