RESUMEN
The participation of neighbouring nitrogen lone pairs in the chromogenic control of trans-bis(salicylaldiminato)Pt(ii) platforms was examined, using newly designed Pt analogues bearing salicylaldehyde hydrazone ligands. A series of non-vaulted and vaulted Pt complexes (1-5) with salicylaldehyde hydrazones as trans-coordinated bidentate ligands were synthesized and characterized with regard to the chromogenic behaviour of the trans-bis(salicylaldiminato)Pt(ii) coordination platforms. X-ray diffraction and 2D NMR data demonstrated that, in the case of the non-vaulted N-monomethyl complexes 1, there was significant participation of neighbouring N(2) lone pairs in the d-π conjugation of the trans-bis(salicylaldiminato)Pt(ii) platforms owing to conformational fixation arising from intramolecular hydrogen bonding. In contrast, the lone pairs of the N,N-dimethyl analogues 2 made a much less significant contribution to the extension of the d-π conjugation, due to their high conformational mobility. Complexes 1-5 were found to have structure-dependent chromogenic properties in the solution state, such that the absorption spectra of the N-methyl, short-vaulted complexes 1 and 3 exhibited significant hypsochromic shifts relative to the N,N-dimethyl, long-vaulted analogues 2 and 5, which had spectra very similar to that of the trans-bis(salicylaldiminato)Pt(ii) complex 6. The introduction of MeO groups at the 3- and 5 positions on the aromatic rings of 1 and 2 gave rise to significant hypsochromic and bathochromic shifts, respectively. In addition, νmax - ET(30) plots for various solvents revealed that complexes 1-5 exhibit negative solvatochromism, in which the data obtained in alcoholic solvents are hypsochromically separated from those in non-alcoholic solvents for 1 and 3, an effect that is not observed for 2 and 5. Complexes 1-5 also exhibit emission enhancement upon addition of excess CH3SO3H in dimethyl sulfoxide, and a significant effect of the linker on quantum yields (Φ77 K) was observed in the case of the vaulted complexes. Density functional theory calculations (B3LYP/6-31G*, LanL2DZ) determined that the structure dependence of the chromogenic behaviour of these non-vaulted and polymethylene-vaulted hydrazone complexes can be attributed to variations in the participation of neighbouring nitrogen lone pairs in the d-π conjugation on the trans-bis(salicylaldiminato)Pt(ii) coordination platforms.
RESUMEN
The synthesis, structure, and solid-state emission of vaulted trans-bis(salicylaldiminato)platinum(ii) complexes 1-3 with halogen functionalities are described and compared with the non-substituted analogues. Chloro-substitution provided an improvement of the low emission properties of short-vaulted, non-substituted complexes 1 and 2 in the crystalline state at ambient temperature, while the intense emission of long-vaulted analogues 3 remained unchanged. Bromo-substituted crystals also emit intensively, while the fluoro analogue is non-emissive under the same conditions. Temperature-dependent emission spectra indicate that all chloro- and bromo-substituted crystals with enhanced emission properties at ambient temperature exhibit improved heat resistance properties towards emission decay with the halogen functionalities. X-ray diffraction studies revealed that such a positive effect of halogenation for the enhancement of solid-state emission is due to significant molecular constraints in the crystals by a combination of the vaulted structure and three-dimensional HX hydrogen bonding interactions.
RESUMEN
The synthesis, structure, and solid-state emission of vaulted trans-bis(salicylaldiminato)platinum(II) complexes are described. A series of polymethylene (1: n=8; 2: n=9; 3: n=10; 4: n=11; 5: n=12; 6: n=13) and polyoxyethylene (7: m=2; 8: m=3; 9: m=4) vaulted complexes (R=H (a), 3-MeO (b), 4-MeO (c), 5-MeO (d), 6-MeO (e), 4-CF3O (f), 5-CF3O (g)) was prepared by treating [PtCl2(CH3CN)2] with the corresponding N,N'-bis(salicylidene)-1,ω-alkanediamines. The trans coordination, vaulted structures, and the crystal packing of 1-9 have been unequivocally established from X-ray diffraction studies. Unpredictable, structure-dependent phosphorescent emission has been observed for crystals of the complexes under UV excitation at ambient temperature, whereas these complexes are entirely nonemissive in the solution state under the same conditions. The long-linked complex crystals 4-6, 8, and 9 exhibit intense emission (Φ77K =0.22-0.88) at 77 K, whereas short-linked complexes 1-3 and 7 are non- or slightly emissive at the same temperature (Φ77K <0.01-0.18). At 298 K, some of the long-linked crystals, 4a, 4b, 5c, 5e, 6c, 6e, and 9b, completely lose their high-emission properties with elevation of the temperature (Φ298K <0.01-0.02), whereas the other long-linked crystals, 5a, 6a, 9a, and 9d, exhibit high heat resistance towards emission decay with increasing temperature (Φ298K =0.21-0.38). Chromogenic control of solid-state emission over the range of 98 nm can be performed simply by introducing MeO groups at different positions on the aromatic rings. Orange, yellow-green, red, and yellow emissions are observed in the glass and crystalline state upon 3-, 4-, 5-, and 6-MeO substitution, respectively, whereas those with CF3 O substituents have orange emission, irrespective of the substitution position. DFT calculations (B3LYP/6-31G*, LanL2DZ) showed that such chromatic variation is ascribed to the position-specific influence of the substituents on the highest-occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest-unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) levels of the trans-bis(salicylaldiminato)platinum(II) platform. The solid-state emission and its heat resistance have been discussed on the basis of X-ray diffraction studies. The planarity of the trans-coordination sites is strongly correlated to the solid-state emission intensities of crystals 1-9 at lower temperatures. The specific heat-resistance properties shown exclusively by the 5a, 6a, 9a, and 9d crystals are due to their strong three-dimensional hydrogen-bonding interactions and/or Pt···Pt contacts, whereas heat-quenchable crystals 4a, 4b, 5c, 5e, 6c, 6e, and 9b are poorly bound with limited interactions, such as non-, one-, or two-dimensional hydrogen-bonding networks. These results lead to the conclusion that Pt···Pt contacts are an important factor in the heat resistance of solid-state phosphorescence at ambient temperature, although the role of Pt···Pt contacts can be substituted by only higher-ordered hydrogen-bonding fixation.
RESUMEN
Unprecedented strong phosphorescent emission in the crystalline state is observed for a variety of vaulted trans-bis(salicylaldiminato)platinum(II) complexes which are newly synthesized as a third coordination mode of well-studied bis(salicylaldiminato) complexes. This Communication describes the dynamic photophysical properties of these complexes in the liquid and crystalline states and a mechanistic rationale for the strong emission in the crystalline state.
