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BACKGROUND: The Japan Esophageal Society proposed the JES microvessel classification to assess eligibility of early esophageal squamous cell neoplasia (ESCN) for endoscopic resection based on intrapapillary capillary loop assessment. We aimed to assess its diagnostic reproducibility and accuracy in Western ESCN patients. METHODS: Intrapapillary capillary loops on endoscopic images of Western ESCN lesions (n = 113) collected between 2010 and 2022 were assessed by nine endoscopists, including three Japanese expert endoscopists, three Western expert endoscopists, and three residents-in-training, and graded according to the JES microvessel classification where microvessel type A corresponds with normality or low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, and microvessel types B1, B2, and B3 correspond with high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia or invasion into the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae or superficial submucosa, and deep submucosa, respectively. Outcomes included overall accuracy in predicting ESCN invasion depth and interobserver agreement. RESULTS: Good interobserver agreement was observed among expert endoscopists (Krippendorf's alpha 0.64, 95% CI 0.57-0.70), while agreement was moderate among residents-in-training (Krippendorf's alpha 0.58, 95% CI 0.52-0.72). Overall accuracy of the JES microvessel classification was 53% (95% CI 42-63), 52% (95% CI 41-62), and 44% (95% CI 34-55) for Japanese endoscopists, Western endoscopists, and residents-in-training, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity for vessel type A, B1, B2, and B3 across assessors were 0%-50% and 89%-100%, 55%-64% and 66%-77%, 42%-71% and 60%-76%, and 10%-24% and 92%-97%, respectively. Negative predictive value ranged between 80% and 85% for B3 vessels. CONCLUSION: Overall accuracy of the JES microvessel classification in Western ESCN patients is low, though absence of B3 vessels as assessed by experienced endoscopists may predict superficial ESCN amenable to endoscopic resection. TRIAL REGISTRY: www.trialregister.nl; NL8897 (6-9-2020).
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BACKGROUND: Polymyositis/dermatomyositis (PM/DM) is an autoimmune disease that is sometimes complicated with rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (RPILD). However, serum and lung biomarkers that can predict RPILD development remain unclear. OBJECTIVES: To determine potential serum and lung biomarkers that can predict RPILD development in patients with PM/DM-ILD. METHODS: In total, 49 patients with PM/DM-ILD were enrolled. We measured the serum levels of 41 cytokines/chemokines, ferritin and anti-MDA5 antibody, compared them between the RPILD (n = 23) and non-RPILD (n = 26) groups, and ranked them by their importance through random forest analysis. To distinguish the two groups, we determined biomarker combinations by logistic regression analysis. We also measured the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) levels of 41 cytokines/chemokines. Using immunohistochemistry, we examined IL-15 expression in lung tissues. The IL-15 production was also investigated using A549 and BEAS-2B cells. RESULTS: The RPILD group had significantly higher IL-15, IL-1RA, IL-6, CXCL10, VCAM-1, anti-MDA5 antibody and ferritin serum levels than the non-RPILD group, but it had a significantly low CCL22 level. Meanwhile, anti-MDA5 antibody, IL-15, CXCL8, CCL22, IL-1RA and ferritin were the best combination to distinguish the two groups. IL-15 and CCL22 were also predictive marker for RPILD development in anti-MDA5 antibody-positive patients. Additionally, the RPILD group had significantly high IL-15 levels in BALF. The lung tissues expressed IL-15, which increased after cytokine stimulation in the A549 cells. CONCLUSION: This study identified a combination of biomarkers predicting PM/DM-RPILD progression, and IL-15 is an important cytokine for predicting RPILD development and reflecting ILD severity.
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Dermatomiositis/complicaciones , Interleucina-15/inmunología , Enfermedades Pulmonares Intersticiales/etiología , Enfermedades Pulmonares Intersticiales/inmunología , Biomarcadores , Líquido del Lavado Bronquioalveolar/química , Quimiocinas/inmunología , Citocinas/inmunología , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Femenino , Ferritinas/inmunología , Humanos , Japón , MasculinoRESUMEN
The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of viscosity-enhancing agents on oral absorption of metoprolol (MPL) and bisoprolol (BPL). Although the viscosity values were similar for MPL and BPL in hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC, 1.2 % (w/w)) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA, 8.8 % (w/w)) solutions, the order of diffusion rate constants of the drugs in media were phosphate buffer solution (reference) > HPMC solution > PVA solution. In in vivo rat intestinal absorption experiments showed that the Cmax and AUC values of the drugs were lowest when they were administered into the rat jejunum in a PVA solution. In vitro binding studies showed that this may have been due to adsorption of the drugs to PVA molecules, resulting in decreased free fractions of the drugs. Our results indicated that intestinal absorption of the drugs in PVA solution was influenced both by decreased diffusion of the drugs and by interaction with PVA. Since various viscosity-enhancing agents are widely used as pharmaceutical and food additives, these findings may be of significance for understanding therapeutic efficacy and safety of oral drug products.
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Bisoprolol/farmacocinética , Derivados de la Hipromelosa/química , Metoprolol/farmacocinética , Alcohol Polivinílico/química , Administración Oral , Animales , Área Bajo la Curva , Difusión , Excipientes/química , Absorción Intestinal , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , ViscosidadRESUMEN
1. Oleuropein (Ole) is a major phenolic compound in Olea europaea, with anti-oxidative, anti-obesity, and anti-inflammatory properties. To explore the effect of Ole on the physiology and metabolism of poultry, this study, evaluated the effects of feeding low-dose Ole on the growth performance, metabolic hormonal status, muscle oxidative status in growing broiler chickens.2. Thirty-two 8-day-old chickens were assigned to four different treatments, and fed either 0 (control), 0.1, 0.5, or 2.5 ppm Ole-supplemented diets for 2 weeks.3. There were no differences in the body weight gain, feed consumption, and feed efficiency during the feeding periods between the groups tested. Birds fed Ole 0.5- and 2.5 ppm-supplemented diets exhibited a significant decrease in muscle carbonyl content compared to the control group. In the group fed Ole 0.5 ppm, the mRNA expression levels of mitochondrial ROS-reducing factors: avian uncoupling protein and manganese superoxide dismutase, as well as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1-α, sirtuin-1 and -3 (each of which co-ordinately induce the transcription of the previous two factors) were upregulated compared to the control group, and the changes were independent of plasma noradrenaline and thyroid hormone levels. The group fed Ole-2.5 ppm did not show such transcriptional changes, but exhibited a higher corticosterone concentration.4. This study demonstrates that ingesting a low dose of Ole can reduce muscle oxidative damage, and that the suppression machinery may differ depending on the amount of Ole ingested by growing broiler chickens.
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Pollos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Hormonas/sangre , Iridoides/administración & dosificación , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Animales , Pollos/sangre , Pollos/metabolismo , Corticosterona/sangre , Suplementos Dietéticos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Regulación hacia Abajo/efectos de los fármacos , Regulación Enzimológica de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Glutatión Peroxidasa/efectos de los fármacos , Glutatión Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Glucósidos Iridoides , Masculino , Desarrollo de Músculos/efectos de los fármacos , Músculo Esquelético/efectos de los fármacos , Músculo Esquelético/crecimiento & desarrollo , Norepinefrina/sangre , Oxidación-Reducción/efectos de los fármacos , Carbonilación Proteica/efectos de los fármacos , ARN Mensajero/análisis , ARN Mensajero/biosíntesis , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa/veterinaria , Superóxido Dismutasa/efectos de los fármacos , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutasa-1/efectos de los fármacos , Superóxido Dismutasa-1/metabolismo , Hormonas Tiroideas/sangreRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Corticobasal syndrome (CBS) is pathologically characterized by tau deposits in neuronal and glial cells and by reactive astrogliosis. In several neurodegenerative disorders, 18 F-THK5351 has been observed to bind to reactive astrocytes expressing monoamine oxidase B. In this study, the aim was to investigate the progression of disease-related pathology in the brains of patients with CBS using positron emission tomography with 18 F-THK5351. METHODS: Baseline and 1-year follow-up imaging were acquired using magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography with 18 F-THK5351 in 10 subjects: five patients with CBS and five age-matched normal controls (NCs). RESULTS: The 1-year follow-up scan images revealed that 18 F-THK5351 retention had significantly increased in the superior parietal gyrus of the patients with CBS compared with the NCs. The median increases in 18 F-THK5351 accumulation in the patients with CBS were 6.53% in the superior parietal gyrus, 4.34% in the precentral gyrus and 4.33% in the postcentral gyrus. In contrast, there was no significant increase in the regional 18 F-THK5351 retention in the NCs. CONCLUSIONS: Longitudinal increases in 18 F-THK5351 binding can be detected over a short interval in the cortical sites of patients with CBS. A monoamine oxidase B binding radiotracer could be useful in monitoring the progression of astrogliosis in CBS.
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Aminopiridinas , Enfermedades de los Ganglios Basales/diagnóstico por imagen , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Tomografía de Emisión de Positrones , Quinolinas , Radiofármacos , Tauopatías/diagnóstico por imagen , Anciano , Aminopiridinas/farmacocinética , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Quinolinas/farmacocinética , Radiofármacos/farmacocinéticaRESUMEN
A 54-year-old woman underwent living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) for primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) three years earlier. She took cyclosporine A (CyA) 150 mg/day as immunosuppression for prevention of rejection and PBC recurrence. Routine upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showed chronic atrophic gastritis and hyperplastic polyp, and rapid urease test was positive. Anti-Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) serum IgG was elevated to 51 U/ml. We performed H. pylori eradication therapy with amoxicillin, clarithromycin and lansoprazole measuring the blood CyA concentration every day. Although the blood CyA concentration reached a peak (the concentration 2 hours after the administration: 818 ng/ml) on the second day, she did not develop renal dysfunction or other obvious adverse effects. Five weeks after the treatment, we confirmed eradication of H. pylori with the urea breath test. We herein reported a case of successful eradication of H. pylori in a LDLT recipient on immunosuppressive therapy with CyA without adverse effects.
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Ciclosporina/uso terapéutico , Infecciones por Helicobacter/tratamiento farmacológico , Helicobacter pylori/aislamiento & purificación , Terapia de Inmunosupresión/métodos , Trasplante de Hígado/efectos adversos , Donadores Vivos , Receptores de Trasplantes , Quimioterapia Combinada , Femenino , Infecciones por Helicobacter/microbiología , Humanos , Inmunosupresores/uso terapéutico , Cirrosis Hepática Biliar/cirugía , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Bariatric surgery leads to a higher remission rate for type 2 diabetes mellitus than non-surgical treatment. However, it remains unsolved which surgical procedure is the most efficacious. This network meta-analysis aimed to rank surgical procedures in terms of diabetes remission. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We electronically searched for randomized controlled trials in which at least one surgical treatment was included among multiple arms and the diabetes remission rate was included in study outcomes. A random-effects network meta-analysis was performed within a frequentist framework. The hierarchy of treatments was expressed as the surface under the cumulative ranking curve value. Results of the analysis of 25 eligible randomized controlled trials that covered non-surgical treatments and eight surgical procedures (biliopancreatic diversion [BPD], BPD with duodenal switch, Roux-en Y gastric bypass, mini gastric bypass [mini-GBP], laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, greater curvature plication and duodenal-jejunal bypass) showed that BPD and mini-GBP had the highest surface under the cumulative ranking curve values among the eight surgical treatments. CONCLUSION: Current network meta-analysis indicated that BPD or mini-GBP achieved higher diabetes remission rates than the other procedures. However, the result needs to be interpreted with caution considering that these procedures were in the minority of bariatric surgeries.
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Cirugía Bariátrica/métodos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/cirugía , Humanos , Metaanálisis en Red , Inducción de Remisión/métodos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Vitamin (V) K deficiency may cause severe bleeding tendencies, which necessitates extreme caution. We report a case of a 30-year-old man diagnosed with VK deficiency of unknown etiology. He was treated with intravenous menatetrenone three times a week in an outpatient setting for about 1 year and 9 months. Eventually, he developed an allergic reaction to intravenous menatetrenone and was under steroid therapy. In order to reduce his hospital visits and discontinue steroid use, the pharmacist proposed to change the method of menatetrenone administration from intravenous to oral (high dose). The change in treatment method has greatly improved the patient's quality of life.
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Hemostáticos/efectos adversos , Hemostáticos/uso terapéutico , Vitamina K 2/análogos & derivados , Deficiencia de Vitamina K/terapia , Administración Intravenosa , Administración Oral , Adulto , Hipersensibilidad a las Drogas/tratamiento farmacológico , Hemostáticos/administración & dosificación , Humanos , Masculino , Calidad de Vida , Esteroides/uso terapéutico , Vitamina K 2/administración & dosificación , Vitamina K 2/efectos adversos , Vitamina K 2/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Visualization of pathogenic protein aggregates is crucial to elucidate pathomechanisms and to make an accurate diagnosis in many neurodegenerative conditions. Aggregates of the microtubule-binding protein, tau, are one of the most important pathogenic molecules in neurodegenerative disorders. Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is characterized by the deposition of tau proteins in some specific area such as the basal ganglia and brainstem. We tried to detect tau lesions in the brains of living patients with PSP with a novel positron emission tomography (PET) tracer, [18 F]THK-5351, which we have recently developed. METHODS: Paraffin-embedded brain sections of the patients with PSP were used for autoradiography with [3 H]THK-5351 and immunohistochemistry. Nine healthy controls, 13 patients with Alzheimer's disease and three patients with PSP participated in this PET study with [18 F]THK-5351. To detect amyloid-ß deposition, PET imaging with Pittsburgh compound B was also performed. RESULTS: Autoradiography in the brain sections of patients with PSP demonstrated [3 H]THK-5351 binding to tau deposits with a high selectivity. Although patients with PSP exhibited no remarkable [18 F]THK-5351 retention in the temporal cortex, significantly higher tracer retention was observed in the globus pallidus and midbrain. In contrast, amyloid imaging with Pittsburgh compound B showed no remarkable accumulation in the cerebral cortex of PSP. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that [18 F]THK-5351 PET can potentially be used to detect the regional brain distribution of tau lesions in PSP, thereby facilitating the differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative disorders associated with tau protein.
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Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Tomografía de Emisión de Positrones , Parálisis Supranuclear Progresiva/diagnóstico por imagen , Proteínas tau/metabolismo , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/metabolismo , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/patología , Compuestos de Anilina , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Encéfalo/patología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Parálisis Supranuclear Progresiva/metabolismo , Parálisis Supranuclear Progresiva/patología , TiazolesRESUMEN
UNLABELLED: Essentials Two groups recently reported GFI1B as a novel causative gene for congenital macrothrombocytopenia. We performed functional analysis of a novel GFI1B mutation and previous mutations. An immunofluorescence analysis of the platelet CD34 expression can be useful as a screening test. Mutant-transduced megakaryocytes produced enlarged proplatelet tips which were reduced in number. SUMMARY: Background GFI1B is an essential transcription factor for megakaryocyte and erythrocyte development. Two groups have recently identified GFI1B as a novel causative gene for congenital macrothrombocytopenia associated with α-granule deficiency. Methods We performed whole exome sequencing and identified a novel GFI1B p.G272fsX274 mutation in a family with macrothrombocytopenia, and a decreased number of platelet α-granules and abnormally shaped red blood cells. p.G272fsX274 and the previous two mutations all predicted disruption of an essential DNA-binding domain in GFI1B. We therefore performed functional studies to characterize the biochemical and biological effects of these three patient-derived mutations. Results An immunofluorescence analysis revealed decreased thrombospondin-1 and increased CD34 expression in platelets from our patient. Consistent with the previous studies, the three patient-derived mutants were unable to repress the expression of the reporter gene and had a dominant-negative effect over wild-type GFI1B. In addition, the three mutations abolished recognition of a consensus-binding site in gel shift assays. Furthermore, transduction of mouse fetal liver-derived megakaryocytes with the three GFI1B mutants resulted in the production of abnormally large proplatelet tips, which were reduced in number. Conclusions Our study provides further proof of concept that GFI1B is an essential protein for the normal development of the megakaryocyte lineage.
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Plaquetas/metabolismo , Megacariocitos/citología , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas/genética , Proteínas Represoras/genética , Trombocitopenia/congénito , Trombocitopenia/genética , Adolescente , Animales , Antígenos CD34/sangre , Antígenos CD34/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción Básicos con Cremalleras de Leucinas y Motivos Hélice-Asa-Hélice/genética , Factores de Transcripción Básicos con Cremalleras de Leucinas y Motivos Hélice-Asa-Hélice/metabolismo , Plaquetas/citología , Linaje de la Célula , Deformación Eritrocítica , Eritrocitos/citología , Exoma , Femenino , Genes Dominantes , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones , Microscopía Fluorescente , Mutación , Linaje , Recuento de Plaquetas , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas/metabolismo , Proteínas Represoras/metabolismo , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Trombospondina 1/sangre , Trombospondina 1/genética , Trombospondina 1/metabolismoRESUMEN
Dyskeratosis congenita (DC) is an inherited disease characterized by the triad of skin pigmentation, nail dystrophy, and oral leukoplakia. Among other abnormalities, bone marrow failure and a predisposition to cancer are recognized as the major causes of premature mortality in patients with DC. This disease is associated with short telomeres and mutations in 10 genes associated with telomerase and telomere components. The case of a 35-year-old male patient diagnosed with DC, who presented with leukoplakia of the tongue and had a high degree of hypoplastic marrow, but no haematological abnormalities, is reported here. The diagnosis of DC was confirmed by detection of short telomeres in the blood cells and mutations in the DKC1 gene. This encounter with the case presented suggests that an awareness of the classical forms of DC is important for oral clinicians so that an early diagnosis can be made and the patient can be managed appropriately. Furthermore, genetic analysis is necessary to establish the diagnosis of DC.
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Disqueratosis Congénita/complicaciones , Leucoplasia Bucal/complicaciones , Enfermedades de la Lengua/complicaciones , Adulto , Médula Ósea/patología , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/genética , Disqueratosis Congénita/genética , Humanos , Masculino , Mutación , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , Telomerasa/genética , Telómero/genéticaRESUMEN
4'-SelenoDNA fragments were synthesized for the first time using 4'-selenothymidine triphosphate (SeTTP) by taking advantage of its bioequivalence against DNA polymerases. DNA fragments each with a homologous element (O, S or Se) at the 4'-position of the thymidine units were effectively amplified using KOD Dash DNA polymerase.
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ADN/química , Compuestos de Organoselenio/química , Timidina/análogos & derivados , Secuencia de Bases , ADN/metabolismo , Replicación del ADN , ADN Polimerasa Dirigida por ADN/metabolismo , Modelos Moleculares , Compuestos de Organoselenio/metabolismo , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Timidina/química , Timidina/metabolismoRESUMEN
The RERF International Low-Dose Symposium was held on 5-6 December 2013 at the RERF campus in Hiroshima, Japan, to discuss the issues facing the Life Span Study (LSS) and other low-dose studies. Topics included the current status of low-dose risk detection, strategies for low-dose epidemiological and statistical research, methods to improve communication between epidemiologists and biologists, and the current status of radiological studies and tools. Key points made by the participants included the necessity of pooling materials over multiple studies to gain greater insight where data from single studies are insufficient; generating models that reflect epidemiological, statistical, and biological principles simultaneously; understanding confounders and effect modifiers in the current data; and taking into consideration less studied factors such as the impact of dose rate. It is the hope of all participants that this symposium be used as a trigger for further studies, especially those using pooled data, in order to reach a greater understanding of the health effects of low-dose radiation.
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Guerra Nuclear , Sobrevivientes , Relación Dosis-Respuesta en la Radiación , Humanos , JapónRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Thrombocytopenia (TP) is a common adverse effect of linezolid (LZD). However, risk factors for LZD-associated TP have been reported in Western patients with relatively heavy body weight. The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors for LZD-associated TP in Asian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted among 101 consecutive patients who received LZD therapy (1,200 mg/day) between July 2003 and December 2013 at a tertiary referral hospital in Tokyo, Japan. The patients with obvious other causes for TP were excluded. The information of target infectious disease, patients' age, gender, body weight, body mass index, baseline serum creatinine (SCr), baseline platelet count, and treatment duration was collected retrospectively. TP was defined as ≥ 50% decrease in platelet count from baseline. Bi- and multi-variate analyses were performed. RESULTS: A total of 101 patients were included (mean age [SD] 64 [18]; male gender [%], 57 [56]). Median duration [range] of LZD therapy was 14 days [1-67]. LZD-associated TP was identified in 42 patients (42%). For TP, adjusted odds ratio (OR) [95% CI] of daily per kg dose (DPKD) and SCr was 1.14 [1.05-1.26] and 1.51 [1.01-2.50], respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Higher DPKD and elevated SCr are significantly associated with LZD-associated TP. These findings suggest that daily dose of LZD should be adjusted using body weight, as typically done in pediatrics, in adults as well. Renal function also should be considered for dose adjustment.
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Acetamidas/efectos adversos , Oxazolidinonas/efectos adversos , Trombocitopenia/inducido químicamente , Acetamidas/administración & dosificación , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Análisis de Varianza , Peso Corporal , Femenino , Humanos , Japón/epidemiología , Linezolid , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Oxazolidinonas/administración & dosificación , Estudios Retrospectivos , Trombocitopenia/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Altered N-glycosylation of membrane proteins is associated with malignant transformation of cells. We found that the expression of the ß4-galactosyltransferase 2 (ß4GalT2) gene is decreased markedly during the transformation. Here, we examined whether the tumor growth activity of B16-F10 mouse melanoma cells can be reduced by the enhanced expression of the ß4GalT2 gene. We isolated a clone, B16-ß4GalT2, showing its ß4GalT2 transcript 2.5 times higher than a control clone, B16-mock, by transducing its cDNA, and transplanted them subcutaneously into C57BL/6 mice to examine their tumor growth activity. The results showed that the average size of tumors formed with B16-mock cells is 13.1±0.76 mm, whereas that of tumors formed with B16-ß4GalT2 cells is 5.1±1.13 mm (P<0.01) 2 weeks after transplantation. Immunohistochemical analyses showed that the apoptosis and the suppression of angiogenesis are induced in the tumors upon transduction of the ß4GalT2 gene. To pursue a clinical usefulness of the ß4GalT2 gene for suppressing human tumor growth, we injected adenoviruses carrying the human ß4GalT2 cDNA into HuH-7 human hepatocellular carcinomas developed in severe combined immunodeficient mice, and observed marked growth retardation of the tumors. The enhancement of the ß4GalT2 gene expression in tumors is one of the promising approaches to suppress human tumor growth.
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Galactosiltransferasas/genética , Neoplasias Hepáticas/genética , Melanoma Experimental/genética , Melanoma Experimental/patología , Animales , Proliferación Celular/genética , Femenino , Galactosiltransferasas/metabolismo , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patología , Masculino , Proteínas de la Membrana/metabolismo , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones SCID , Transducción GenéticaRESUMEN
The control system for the RIKEN 28 GHz superconducting electron cyclotron resonance ion source (28 GHz SC-ECRIS) consists of a distributed control system based on the experimental physics and industrial control system. To maintain the beam quality for the long beam-service time at the radioactive isotope beam factory, beam tuning to prevent subtle changes in the 28 GHz SC-ECRIS conditions is required. Once this is achieved, it should then be possible to check conditions and operate the ion source at any time. We have designed a web-based operational interface to remotely control the ion source, but for access and control from several locations, suitable access security, policies, and methods are required. We thus implemented an operator intervention system that makes it possible to safely access the network externally with the permission of on-site accelerator operators in the control room.