RESUMEN
Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) is the major cause of foodborne infections globally, with considerable morbidity and mortality. The accurate identification of Salmonella serovars is important in disease management and public health surveillance. However, traditional serotyping methods are laborious, time-consuming and may produce ambiguous results. In this study, we evaluated traditional serotyping and seven gene-based multilocus sequence typing (MLST) methods to determine the serogroups of Salmonella strains. This study analysis suggests that MLST based serotyping is accurate in serogroup identification and discrimination of Salmonella serovars compared to the traditional serotyping method and can be implemented in routine clinical practice.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Salmonella , Salmonella enterica , Humanos , Tipificación de Secuencias Multilocus/métodos , Salmonella/genética , Serotipificación/métodos , Infecciones por Salmonella/epidemiología , Serogrupo , Salmonella enterica/genéticaRESUMEN
Inexpensive forms of tobacco are widely used in developing countries such as India. We have evaluated genotoxicity endpoints (chromosome aberrations, micronucleus frequency, comet assay) and polymorphisms of the XRCC1 and p53 genes among smokers and smokeless tobacco (SLT) users in rural Tamilnadu, South India. Cytogenetic, DNA damage and SNP analyses were performed on peripheral blood samples; micronucleus frequency was measured in peripheral blood and buccal mucosa exfoliated cells. Both categories of tobacco users had elevated levels of genotoxic damage. SNP analysis of tobacco users revealed that 17% carry the XRCC1 gln399gln genotype and 19% carry the p53 pro72pro genotype. Both genotypes are associated with increased risk of cancer.
Asunto(s)
Daño del ADN , Proteínas de Unión al ADN , Neoplasias , Fumar , Tabaco sin Humo/efectos adversos , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Células Sanguíneas/metabolismo , Células Sanguíneas/patología , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/genética , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/metabolismo , Femenino , Genotipo , Humanos , India , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mucosa Bucal/metabolismo , Mucosa Bucal/patología , Neoplasias/genética , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Neoplasias/patología , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Factores de Riesgo , Fumar/efectos adversos , Fumar/genética , Fumar/metabolismo , Fumar/patología , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/genética , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/metabolismo , Proteína 1 de Reparación por Escisión del Grupo de Complementación Cruzada de las Lesiones por Rayos XRESUMEN
Process variables contributing to describe the growth of Spirulina platensis in outdoor cultures were evaluated. Mathematical models of the process using inputs which were simple and easy to collect in any operating plant were developed. Multiple linear regression (MLR) and artificial neural network (ANN) modelling procedures were evaluated. The dataset contributing to the growth prediction model were biomass concentration, nitrate concentration, pH and dissolved oxygen concentration of culture fluid, light intensity and days in culture, measured once a day. Datasets of 12days were sufficient to develop a model to predict the succeeding day's biomass concentration with a coefficient of determination of greater than 0.98 under outdoor growth conditions. Insufficient number of datasets resulted in overestimation of the predicted output value.
Asunto(s)
Redes Neurales de la Computación , Spirulina/crecimiento & desarrollo , Técnicas de Cultivo , Modelos Biológicos , Análisis de RegresiónRESUMEN
India has a long history of tobacco, which includes chewing tobacco and smoking tobacco in various forms. Initially, the smokeless tobacco chewing habit was seen among the majority of the farmers who cultivated tobacco; but in recent years, smokeless tobacco is available in many forms and is cheaper as well and hence it is widely being used among literate and illiterate people. The subjects of our study are living in hilly regions of Yerkaud in Salem district, South India. Most of the inhabitants of our study area are illiterate and more particularly they are unaware of the health effects due to tobacco use. Recent epidemiological reports have strongly indicated the association of cancer risk with usage of smokeless tobacco. The prime aim of our study is to evaluate the genotoxic effects of tobacco use by analysing the cytogenetic end points such as chromosome aberrations in peripheral blood and micronucleus in peripheral blood and buccal cells. About 85 smokeless tobacco users were enrolled for the study and same numbers of age- and sex-matched nontobacco users were also enrolled to serve as controls. The result of our study revealed that tobacco users displayed varied levels of elevated chromosomal damage and micronucleated cells than nontobacco users. The variation in the extent of genetic damage was dependent on the duration of the tobacco use. In conclusion, this study might be helpful in creating awareness on the hazards of the smokeless tobacco products among the global population as a whole for those who chose such products as a cheap alternative to tobacco smoke.
