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INTRODUCTION: Individuals with pes planus may have alterations in talar cartilage thickness due to changes in lower extremity alignment. The aim of this study was to measure the talar cartilage thickness of subjects with pes planus and compare the results with those of healthy controls. Another aim of the present study was to evaluate its relationship with anthropometric foot parameters. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 48 individuals (16 males and 32 females) in the pes planus group and 48 individuals in the healthy control group (14 males and 34 females) based on the Navicular Drop (ND) test and the Foot Posture Index (FPI). Talar cartilage thickness (TCT) was measured with ultrasound. Anthropometric foot parameters of the individuals, such as foot length and foot width, were evaluated using a podoscope. RESULTS: TCT was higher in participants with pes planus compared to the control group (dominant side, p = 0.006; non-dominant side, p = 0.002). Foot width and length were similar in both groups for the dominant and non-dominant feet (p > 0.05). TCT on the dominant foot was positively correlated with the FPI score (r = 0.205, p = 0.045), ND score (r = 0.297, p = 0.003), foot width (r = 0.244, p = 0.017) and foot length (r = 0.253, p = 0.013). On the other hand, TCT on the non-dominant side was positively correlated with the FPI score (r = 0.235, p = 0.021), ND score (r = 0.363, p < 0.001), foot width (r = 0.270, p = 0.008) and length (r = 0.303, p = 0.003). CONCLUSION: The talar cartilage of patients with pes planus seems to be thicker, and this is generally related to body weight, body mass index, foot anthropometrics, and posture characteristics. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, diagnostic comparative study.
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BACKGROUND: The effects of Kinesio taping (KT) in carpal tunnel syndrome are controversial. PURPOSE: This study aimed to examine whether KT has any effect on the skin, subcutaneous tissue, and median nerve measurements and to compare the effects of two different KT applications. STUDY DESIGN: This is a prospective, double-blinded, randomized trial. This study was prospectively registered on the clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05475197). A total of 34 wrists (21 patients) who were clinically and electrophysiologically diagnosed with mild/moderate carpal tunnel syndrome were randomly divided into two KT intervention groups (group 1: neural technique and area correction technique and group 2: area correction technique). METHODS: At baseline and immediately after the removal of KT (48 hours), pain was assessed with visual analog scale, hand grip strength with a hand-held dynamometer, and pinch strength using a pinch meter. Likewise, using ultrasound, skin and subcutaneous tissue thicknesses, median nerve cross-sectional area and flattening ratio, as well as median nerve depth were measured at the carpal tunnel inlet and outlet levels. RESULTS: While there was significant improvement in the pain scores (compared to the baseline) immediately after the KT in both groups (group 1: p = 0.03, ηp2 = 0.44; group 2: p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.71), there was no difference in between (p = 0.07, ηp2 = 0.10). Grip strength significantly increased only in group 2 (p = 0.01, ηp2 = 0.35). None of the sonographic measurements displayed significant difference either within or between groups at baseline and after KT (all p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: While pain scores improved after KT, they were not coupled with any morphologic changes assessed by ultrasound.
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ABSTRACT: In this dynamic scanning protocol, ultrasound examination of the ankle is described using various maneuvers to assess different conditions. Real-time patient examination and scanning videos are used for better simulation of daily clinical practice. The protocol is prepared by several/international experts in the field of musculoskeletal ultrasound and within the umbrella of European Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Study Group in Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine/Ultrasound Study Group of the International Society of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine.
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Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas , Sistema Musculoesquelético , Medicina Física y Rehabilitación , Humanos , Tobillo/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas/rehabilitación , Sistema Musculoesquelético/diagnóstico por imagen , Ultrasonografía , Pie/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
Cervical myofascial pain is a very common clinical condition in the daily practice of musculoskeletal physicians. Physical examination is currently the cornerstone for evaluating the cervical muscles and identifying the eventual presence of myofascial trigger points. Herein, the role of ultrasound assessment in precisely localizing them is progressively mounting in the pertinent literature. Moreover, using ultrasound, not only the muscle tissue but also the fascial and neural elements can be accurately located/evaluated. Indeed, several potential pain generators, in addition to paraspinal muscles, can be involved in the clinical scenario of cervical myofascial pain syndrome. In this article, the authors extensively reviewed the sonographic approach for cervical myofascial pain in order to better diagnose or guide different procedures that can be performed in the clinical practice of musculoskeletal physicians.
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Síndromes del Dolor Miofascial , Humanos , Síndromes del Dolor Miofascial/diagnóstico , Puntos Disparadores/diagnóstico por imagen , Dolor de Cuello , Ultrasonografía/métodos , Examen FísicoRESUMEN
ABSTRACT: In this dynamic scanning protocol, ultrasound examination of the knee is described using various maneuvers to assess different conditions. Real-time patient examination and scanning videos are used for better simulation of the daily clinical practice. The protocol is prepared by several/international experts in the field of musculoskeletal ultrasound and within the umbrella of European Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Study Group in Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine/Ultrasound Study Group of the International Society of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine.
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Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas , Medicina Física y Rehabilitación , Humanos , Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas/rehabilitación , Ultrasonografía , Rodilla , Articulación de la Rodilla/diagnóstico por imagen , MúsculosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: The aims of the study were to investigate the relationship between sarcopenia and renin-angiotensin system-related disorders and to explore the effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers on muscle mass/function and physical performance. DESIGN: This multicenter, cross-sectional study was performed using ISarcoPRM algorithm for the diagnosis of sarcopenia. RESULTS: Of the 2613 participants (mean age = 61.0 ± 9.5 yrs), 1775 (67.9%) were hypertensive. All sarcopenia-related parameters (except chair stand test in males) were worse in hypertensive group than in normotensive group (all P < 0.05). When clinical/potential confounders were adjusted, hypertension was found to be an independent predictor of sarcopenia in males (odds ratio = 2.403 [95% confidence interval = 1.514-3.813]) and females (odds ratio = 1.906 [95% confidence interval = 1.328-2.734], both P < 0.001). After adjusting for confounding factors, we found that all sarcopenia-related parameters (except grip strength and chair stand test in males) were independently/negatively related to hypertension (all P < 0.05). In females, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors users had higher grip strength and chair stand test performance values but had lower anterior thigh muscle thickness and gait speed values, as compared with those using angiotensin II receptor blockers (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Hypertension was associated with increased risk of sarcopenia at least 2 times. Among antihypertensives, while angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors had higher muscle function values, angiotensin II receptor blockers had higher muscle mass and physical performance values only in females.
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Hipertensión , Sarcopenia , Masculino , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Sarcopenia/diagnóstico , Fuerza Muscular/fisiología , Estudios Transversales , Fuerza de la Mano/fisiología , Inhibidores de la Enzima Convertidora de Angiotensina/efectos adversos , Antagonistas de Receptores de Angiotensina/farmacologíaRESUMEN
ABSTRACT: Musculoskeletal ultrasound identifies a broad range of pathologies. Typical sonographic images of certain pathological/abnormal conditions can be rendered and "highlighted" for the daily practice/language of musculoskeletal sonographers. The following text and accompanying figures/videos represent a collection of findings pertaining to commonplace pathological conditions. This article is the second part of a series-after the characteristic/metaphoric descriptions of normal musculoskeletal structures.
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Sistema Musculoesquelético , Humanos , UltrasonografíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Because there is a closed kinematic chain between the lower extremity joints during weight-bearing activities, pes planus can affect knee biomechanics. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to measure distal femoral cartilage thickness with ultrasound after 3 different conditions (at rest, during walking and jogging) in subjects with pes planus and compare these conditions with each other and also with controls. METHOD: Sixteen participants with pes planus(5-men, 11-women; aged 18-30 years) and 16 controls(3-men, 13-women; aged 18-30 years) were enrolled. Distal femoral cartilage thickness was evaluated with ultrasound before and after three separate 30-min conditions. Preferred walking speed (PWS) was determined on the ground. Subjects walked on a treadmill for 30-min at their PWS and jogged 30-min at 30% above their PWS. The Foot Function Index and the Foot-Ankle Outcome Survey were used to evaluate the clinical and functional status of the subjects. RESULTS: Neither PWSs nor jogging speeds were statistically different between groups (p > 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between groups for absolute and percent change of cartilage thickness for all three conditions (p > 0.05). There were also no statistically significant differences between conditions for each intragroup (p > 0.05). The median Foot Function Index score of the subjects with pes planus was 9.78(0-44.35) for the right foot and 9.52(0-40.87) for the left foot. The median the Foot-Ankle Outcome Survey score of the subjects with pes planus was 88(65-100). CONCLUSION: There was no difference in knee joint cartilage deformations under different loading conditions, neither in subjects with pes planus nor in controls.
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Pie Plano , Masculino , Humanos , Femenino , Caminata , Fenómenos Biomecánicos , Soporte de Peso , CartílagoRESUMEN
ABSTRACT: Musculoskeletal ultrasonography, despite various advantages, is a user-dependent modality. There are several approaches to facilitate the learning process of novice sonographers, for example, on-site courses, textbooks, and online lectures. However, the need for specific (sono)anatomy knowledge can be an obstacle, particularly in the beginning. With the aim of helping novice sonographers understand and retain topographic (sono)anatomy, we have prepared this article that follows a modern approach to teaching known as "entertainment education." It consists of images, schematic drawings, and multimedia videos that provide a simple, visual explanation accompanied by auditory content.
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Educación de Pregrado en Medicina , Aprendizaje , Humanos , Educación de Pregrado en Medicina/métodos , Curriculum , EscolaridadRESUMEN
ABSTRACT: In this dynamic scanning protocol, ultrasound assessment of the adult hip is described using different maneuvers for various conditions. Real-time patient examination and ultrasound scanning videos are coupled for convenience as well as for better insight. The text covers the common conditions around the hip where especially dynamic ultrasound scanning provides valuable information in addition to static imaging. The protocol is prepared by an international consensus of several experts in the field of musculoskeletal ultrasound.
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Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas , Sistema Musculoesquelético , Medicina Física y Rehabilitación , Humanos , Ultrasonografía , MúsculosRESUMEN
ABSTRACT: In this dynamic protocol, ultrasound evaluation of the wrist and hand is described using various maneuvers for relevant conditions. Scanning videos are coupled with real-time patient examination videos. The authors believe that this practical guide-prepared by the international consensus of several experts-will help musculoskeletal physicians perform a better and uniform/standard examination approach.