Effectiveness of a digital application to improve stroke knowledge for kids.

INTRODUCTION: Stroke is highly prevalent in Latin America and one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. Educating children about stroke has been established as an effective method to detect symptoms early, reduce hospital visits, and raise awareness among adults. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effectiveness of a mobile application to improve knowledge and understanding of stroke among children. METHOD: We conducted a focus group session including 12 children in order to analyze the behavior of 6 questions previously validated by expert neurologists. Subsequently, 105 primary school students between the ages of 7 and 12 completed a questionnaire on stroke symptoms and how to contact the emergency services before and after using an application on stroke symptoms. Qualitative analyses and the Student t test were used to verify the existence of differences between pre- and post-intervention test results. RESULTS: After a single 40-min working session with the application, between 50% and 67% of the children were able to identify the signs of stroke, and 96.2% knew the national emergency services telephone number. Statistical analysis revealed statistically significant differences before and after the intervention with the digital application (t=19.54; p<0.001) and intragroup differences in the post-intervention test results (t=40.71; p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Primary school children who used our digital application increased their knowledge, understanding, and learning of stroke symptoms.

Cyclooxygenase-1 vs. cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors in the induction of antinociception in rodent withdrawal reflexes.

Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme and so they are effective analgesic, antiinflammatory and antipyretic drugs. The discovery of COX-2 led to the search for new NSAIDs with a selective action over this isoenzyme. The experiments performed to date have shown either more, less or no different efficacy of new COX-2 selective NSAIDs when compared to the non-selective inhibitors, probably because the comparison has not been performed under similar conditions. We have therefore compared the analgesic activity of six NSAIDs with different selectivity for the COX isoenzymes. The experiments were performed using the recording of spinal cord nociceptive reflexes in anaesthetised rats and in awake mice. The non-selective COX inhibitors, such as dexketoprofen trometamol, were effective in reducing nociceptive responses both in normal and monoarthritic rats (ED50s: 0.31 and 3.97 micromol/kg, respectively), and in mice with paw inflammation (12.5 micromol/kg, p < 0.01). The COX-1 selective inhibitor SC-58560 showed efficacy in normal rats (ED50: 0.8 micromol/kg) and in mice with paw inflammation (15 micromol/kg, p < 0.05), but not in monoarthritic rats. The COX-2 selective inhibitors celecoxib (105 micromol/kg) and rofecoxib (128 micromol/kg) however, were not effective in any of the groups studied. We conclude that inhibition of both COX isoenzymes is needed to achieve an effective analgesia in inflammation.

Epidemiología del cáncer cervicouterino / Epidemiology of cervix uteri cancer

Se realizó un estudio prospectivo epidemiológico en la región sur del estado de Morelos sobre cáncer del cuello uterino. Se tomaron datos clínicos a 300 mujeres, muestra para estudio de Papanicolaou cervicovaginal, examen clínico del cérvix con pruebas de ácido acético y de Schiller. A todas las pacientes con resultados de displasia severa o positivo a malignidad, se les tomó biopsia del cérvix. En los resultados se encontró un alto grado de paridad, inflamación crónica en el 47 por ciento de las pacientes, ectropión en el 23.3 por ciento, displasias en el 3.9 por ciento y carcinomas en el 5.3 por ciento. Se da a conocer que el Estado de Morelos ocupó el segundo lugar por mortalidad por carcinoma cervicouterino con una tasa de 38.4 en el año de 1990. Se hace un análisis de los factores predisponentes, y se dan normas para prevenirlo.

Thyroid function in neonates from goitrous and nongoitrous iodine-sufficient areas.

We compared thyroid function between newborns from goitrous and nongoitrous localities in which iodine intake has been supplemented since 1955. Cord serum samples were analyzed in 185 infants born during a 9-month period (1986-1987) in 2 goitrous and 1 nongoitrous localities of western Colombia. Urinary iodine was determined in all mothers before delivery. No significant differences were found among neonates of the 3 localities (Kruskal-Wallis test) for the various thyroid hormone values, and all values were within the normal range, although there was a trend in distribution of TSH to higher values in both goiter areas. Thyroid autoantibodies (antithyroglobulin and antithyroid microsomal) were negative in all neonates, and iodine intake, as indicated by urinary iodine, was adequate and similar among the mothers of the 3 groups. Those newborn infants with serum TSH values higher than 20 mU/L were reexamined 5-7 months later. At this time, all infants had lower serum TSH values and their serum free T4 index and T3 values were normal. Gestational age, weight, and height at birth were normal and also equal among the neonates in the 3 localities. These results indicate that neonates from goitrous iodine-sufficient areas have thyroid function similar to that of infants born in nongoitrous areas equally supplemented with iodine, and therefore, they are not more at risk to develop congenital hypothyroidism.

Estimation of the ratio of pulmonary to systemic pressures by pulsed-wave Doppler echocardiography for assessment of pulmonary arterial pressures.

This study describes a method for estimation of the ratio of pulmonary to systemic pressures by pulsed-wave Doppler echocardiography. Sixty-eight patients ages 1 day to 68 years who underwent cardiac catheterization had Doppler studies of the right and left ventricular outflows. Preejection period (PEP), ejection time (ET) and mean acceleration to peak velocity (ACCm) were measured on each waveform. The expression: F = (PEP x ACCm)/ET was calculated for right and left ventricular outflows as an index of the effects that the interaction between ventricular contraction and afterload has on the shape of the Doppler waveforms generated in each outflow. The quotient of (F for the right outflow)/(F for the left outflow), or waveform contour ratio, was used to express the degree of pressure-dependent variability between each subject's right and left ventricular outflow tracings. The waveform contour ratio was strikingly similar to the ratio of systolic pulmonary to systemic pressures and also closely correlated to the ratio of mean pressures. The product of waveform contour ratio and arm systolic pressure gave a consistently accurate estimate of systolic pulmonary pressures. It is concluded that the present method can be used successfully for the noninvasive assessment of pulmonary arterial pressures.

Funcion tiroidea en recien nacidos procedentes de areas con adecuado suplemento de yodo / Thyroid function in newborns coming from areas with adequate iodine supplemet

Este es un estudio comparativo del funcionamiento de la glandula tiroides entre recien nacidos de localidades bociosas y no bociosas suplementadas con yodo desde 1955. Durante nueve meses (1986-1987) se analizaron muestras de sangre del cordon umbilical en 185 ninos nacidos dentro de este periodo en localidades vecinas del occidente colombiano, dos bociosas y una no bociosa. Antes del parto se determino yodo urinario en la totalidad de las madres. Entre los recien nacidos de las tres localidadess no se encotraron diferencias significativas (Prueba de Kruskal-Wallis) en los diferentes valores de hormonas tiroideas. Todos estuvieron dentro del rango normal y aunque en ambas localidades bociosas existia una tendencia hacia valores mas altos en la distribucion de THS medida por el metodo sensitivo inmunorrariometrico IRMA (S-TSH), esta no alcanzo a tener significancia estadistica. Los anticuerpos antitiroglobulina (TgAb) y antitiroideos microsomales (TMAb) fueron negativos en todos los recien nacidos y la ingestion de yodo, como lo indicaba el yodo urinario, fue adecuada y similar en las madres de los tres grupos. los recien nacidos con S-TSH mayor de 20mU/L se reexaminaron cinco a siete meses mas tarde. Para ese tiempo la S-TSH habia descendido en todos estos ninos y el indice de T4 libre (FT4I) y la triyodotironina medida por radioinmunoensayo (T3RIA) fueron normales. La edad gestacional , peso y talla al nacer fueron normales y tambien iguales entre los recien nacidos de las tres localidades. Los resultados indican que los recien nacidos en areas no bociosas...