The Risk of Cervical Cancer in Women Among Han, Bai, Dai and Hani Ethnic Minorities in Yunnan Province of China.

Background: Research on the risk factors for cervical cancer in Yunnan Province's four characteristic ethnic groups (Han, Bai, Dai, and Hani) is lacking. Objective: To study the risk factors of cervical cancer in four ethnic women in Yunnan Province, and to provide evidence for its prevention. Methods: The cervical cancer patients of Han, Bai, Dai and Hani ethnic groups in Yunnan Province who were first diagnosed in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Center) from January 2011 to December 2020 were selected as the research objects. The 1:1 matched case-control study method was used, and single factor and conditional logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. Results: HPV types 16, 18 and 58 are mostly related with cervical cancer, the younger the age of the last pregnancy, the more times of pregnancy, childbirth and abortion, especially the younger the first marriage age of Bai and Dai, are the risk factors of cervical cancer; the infection of genital tract bacteria, mycoplasma and chlamydia is closely related to the incidence of cervical cancer in four ethnicities. Multifactorial analysis showed that demographic characteristics and environment/behavior were not included in the influencing factors of cervical cancer; among Han, Bai, Dai and Hani ethnic minorities, contraception (OR=0.29, OR=0.03, OR=0.09, OR=0.16, P<0.05) was positive factor, HPV infection (OR=64.77, OR=128.71, OR=71.89, OR=40.07, P<0.01) was a causative factor of cervical cancer. Conclusion: Risk of high parity with cervical cancer could be due to a complex interplay of factors, it is very important to formulate prevention strategies and measures in line with the cervical cancer of Han, Bai, Dai and Hani ethnic groups women in Yunnan Province.

Investigation on psychological status of patients with cervical precancerous lesions and cancer among Han and Ethnic minority in Yunnan Province of China.

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the correlation and difference of influencing factors by analyzing the psychological status of patients with cervical precancerous lesions and cancer in Han and Ethnic minorities. So as to provide evidence for more targeted psychological intervention for categories types of patients. Methods: The Chinese version of Kessler 10 scale was used to investigate 200 Han Chinese patients with cervical lesions and 100 ethnic minority patients with cervical lesions in Yunnan Cancer Center. Statistical analysis was performed using t-test, analysis of variance, and multivariable linear regression. Results: There was no significant difference in the distribution of demographic characteristics between the two groups (P > 0.05).The results of univariate analysis showed that the impression of K10 score was statistically significant among the following factors: educational level, awareness of HPV vaccine, disease screening status, employee medical insurance, economic burden of disease, cancerous or not, pathological type, treatment modalities, marital status, and family genetic history of tumor (P < 0.05). After multivariate analysis and considering the influence of the number of independent variables, it indicates that the economic burden of the disease, occupation, and family genetic history of tumor had a greater impact on the total score of Han patients among many factors, accounting for a total of 8.1%(Adj R2 = 0.081).Treatment modalities had the greatest effect on the scores of ethnic minority patients, accounting for 8.4%(Adj R2 = 0.084). Conclusion: The factors affecting the psychological status of patients between the two groups have similarities and differences. Multifactorial analysis showed that the main factors affecting the psychology of Han patients were: economic burden caused by the disease, occupation, and family genetic history of tumor; while the main factors affecting the psychology of minority patients were: treatment modalities. Therefore, targeted recommendations and policy measures can be proposed respectively.

Quality of life in patients with cervical cancer between the Han nationality and ethnic minorities in the Yunnan Province of China.

BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer is the fourth most diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death, and it still poses a crippling threat to women's health. China launched the National Cervical Cancer Screening Program for Rural Women in 2009, and an increasing number of cervical cancer patients have been detected. Health-related quality of life is not only the end point of cancer research but is also related to socioeconomic and clinical factors and has received an increasing amount of attention. In light of the characteristics of the Yunnan nationality, we conducted cross-sectional research to assess and explore the health-related quality of life in both Han and ethnic minority patients. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2020 to May 2021 at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University/Yunnan Cancer Hospital. Patients, including 100 Han patients and 100 ethnic minorities, were interviewed using the FACT-Cx questionnaire within 3 months of receiving treatment. RESULTS: Patients of Han ethnicity and ethnic minorities were comparable in both sociodemographic and clinical features. The total FACT-Cx scores were 139.38 ± 9.83 and 134.39 ± 13.63 in Han and ethnic minority patients, respectively (P < 0.05). Significant differences were shown in physical well-being, emotional well-being and the FACT-Cx subscale between the Han and ethnic minority groups. Independent predictors of the FACT-Cx scale were ethnicity, educational level, participation in the National Cervical Cancer Screening Program for Rural Areas (NCCSPRA) and clinical stage. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study imply that the HRQOL of Han patients is better than that of ethnic minority patients. Thus, clinicians and related health workers should pay more attention to the HRQOL of cervical cancer patients, especially for ethnic minority patients, and provide psychosocial interventions as much as possible to improve their HRQOL. Policies should also aim to strengthen health education regarding cervical cancer and expand the coverage of the NCCSPRA among those who are ethnic minorities, are older and have low educational levels.

Application of Modified Triangular Perforator Flap in Repair of Small and Medium-Sized Facial Defect.

Background: We investigated the application of local perforator flap or island flap with a modified triangular to repair small and medium facial defects. Methods: (1) Before the operation, a Doppler flowmeter was used to investigate the superficial exit point of the perforator artery. The length to breadth ratio of the flap was more than 3-4 times, and it contained 1-2 perforator vessels. (2) The lesion was excised, and the skin was cut along the design line of the flap. The flap was separated and trimmed based on the defect degree. (3) The blood supply was confirmed, and the defect was then covered with the flap by "rotation and advancement" approach without causing tension. The incision was finally sutured in layers. (4) Postoperative routine care was performed according to the situation. Results: The functional morphology and appearance of all 23 cases of skin flaps successfully recovered during follow-up. There was no major aesthetic and malformation recorded. Conclusion: In summary, the modified triangular perforator flap can improve the functional appearance at the repaired small and medium facial defects.

Macrophage NCOR1 Deficiency Ameliorates Myocardial Infarction and Neointimal Hyperplasia in Mice.

Background NCOR1 (nuclear receptor corepressor 1) is an essential coregulator of gene transcription. It has been shown that NCOR1 in macrophages plays important roles in metabolic regulation. However, the function of macrophage NCOR1 in response to myocardial infarction (MI) or vascular wire injury has not been elucidated. Methods and Results Here, using macrophage Ncor1 knockout mouse in combination with a mouse model of MI, we demonstrated that macrophage NCOR1 deficiency significantly reduced infarct size and improved cardiac function after MI. In addition, macrophage NCOR1 deficiency markedly inhibited neointimal hyperplasia and vascular remodeling in a mouse model of arterial wire injury. Inflammation and macrophage proliferation were substantially attenuated in hearts and arteries of macrophage Ncor1 knockout mice after MI and arterial wire injury, respectively. Cultured primary macrophages from macrophage Ncor1 knockout mice manifested lower expression of inflammatory genes upon stimulation by interleukin-1ß, interleukin-6, or lipopolysaccharide, together with much less activation of inflammatory signaling cascades including signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 and nuclear factor-κB. Furthermore, macrophage Ncor1 knockout macrophages were much less proliferative in culture, with inhibited cell cycle progression compared with control cells. Conclusions Collectively, our data have demonstrated that NCOR1 is a critical regulator of macrophage inflammation and proliferation and that deficiency of NCOR1 in macrophages attenuates MI and neointimal hyperplasia. Therefore, macrophage NCOR1 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for MI and restenosis.

An Efficient Strategy Based on Liquid-Liquid Extraction With Acid Condition and HSCCC for Rapid Enrichment and Preparative Separation of Three Caffeoylquinic Acid Isomers From Mulberry Leaves.

Morus alba L. is a medicinal plant that contains a high amount of caffeoylquinic acids such as 3-caffeoylquinic acid (3-CQA), 5-caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQA) and 4-caffeoylquinic acid (4-CQA). This study aimed to establish a fast and efficient method for separating caffeoylquinic acids from mulberry leaves by using high-speed countercurrent chromatography coupled with macroporous resin. D101 resin showed better adsorption and desorption capacity for three caffeoylquinic acids among six macroporous resin adsorbents. The contents of 3-CQA, 5-CQA and 4-CQA reached for 4.77%, 18.95% and 9.84% through one cycle of D101 resin, which were 3.13-fold, 4.57-fold and 4.78-fold more than those in crude extracts, respectively. With a two-phase solvent system of ethyl acetate-water (1:1, V/V), >93% purity of target compounds were obtained in one cycle during 150 min with the recovery yields of 80.59%, 99.56% and 94.21% for 3-CQA, 5-CQA and 4-CQA, respectively. The structural identification of target compounds was carried out by ESI-MS, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra. The present result represented an easy and efficient separation strategy for the utilization of mulberry resource.

Efficient extraction of flavonoids from Flos Sophorae Immaturus by tailored and sustainable deep eutectic solvent as green extraction media.

In the face of the many shortcomings of conventional organic solvents in the age of green chemistry, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) appear under the spotlight of natural product extraction because of its outstanding advantages. In this study, the extraction of six compounds from Flos Sophorae Immaturus (FSI) with DES-5 (choline chloride/1,4-butanediol) as its topgallant solvent was determined by screening nine DESs. After single factor test and BBD experiment, the optimum conditions of deep eutectic solvent-based microwave-assisted extraction (DES-MAE) were: choline chloride/1,4-butanediol (molar ratio of 1:2) and water content (25%, v/v), time 20 min, microwave power 600 W, temperature 62 ℃, liquid/solid ratio 26 mL/g. The extraction yields of rutin, nicotiflorin, narcissin, quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin were 116.78, 15.01, 23.85, 27.59, 3.09 and 3.33 mg/g, respectively. The kinetic experiment results showed that DES-MAE has significant advantages in the extraction of six compounds. The experimental results showed that DES-MAE could obtain higher yields of target components in a short time than other methods (DES-HRE, DES-UAE and Ethanol-MAE). In addition, the target components were separated from the DES extraction solution, and the recoveries of the target compounds were in the range of 75.5%-84.1%. Therefore, this paper provides a strategy for extraction and separation, the aim of which is to obtain flavonoids from FSI efficiently. Meanwhile, this study can also be used as an alternative to the traditional methods for obtaining bioactive components from plant sources in biochemistry, food industry and pharmaceutical fields.

Elevated serum YKL-40 correlates with clinical characteristics in patients with polymyositis or dermatomyositis.

BACKGROUND: Serum YKL-40 has been proved to be a promising biomarker for estimating the disease activity of several autoimmune diseases. However, its utility in polymyositis or dermatomyositis has not been established. The aim of this study was to investigate the utility of YKL-40 in patients with polymyositis/dermatomyositis. METHOD: Patients with definite polymyositis/dermatomyositis who visited the Second People's Hospital of Wuxi between April 2016 and March 2017 were prospectively enrolled. Eighty-seven healthy individuals were set as a control. Serum YKL-40 of all participants was determined using ELISA. The associations between YKL-40 and clinical characteristics of polymyositis/dermatomyositis were analysed using the Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney test and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. RESULTS: A total of 99 patients with polymyositis/dermatomyositis were enrolled. The patients with polymyositis/dermatomyositis had significantly higher serum YKL-40 concentration. Patients with interstitial lung disease had significantly higher YKL-40 concentration than those without. Serum YKL-40 was positively correlated with myositis disease activity assessment visual analogue scale, C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and ferritin. The area under receiver operating characteristic curve of YKL-40 for identifying interstitial lung disease was 0.82. CONCLUSIONS: Serum YKL-40 is a useful biomarker for estimating disease activity or severity of polymyositis/dermatomyositis.

Red blood cell distribution width and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio are correlated with disease activity of dermatomyositis and polymyositis.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies indicated that both red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were useful indices in assessing the disease activity of autoimmune diseases. However, the evidence for the association between RDW, NLR and dermatomyositis (DM) and polymyositis (PM) is limited. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between the disease activity of PM/DM and both RDW and NLR. METHODS: Medical records of 114 PM/DM patients and 114 healthy controls were retrospectively reviewed, and their RDW, NLR and myositis disease activity assessment visual analogue scale (MYOACT) on admission were extracted. The correlations between RDW, NLR and MYOACT were analyzed using the Spearman approach and multivariable model. RESULTS: PM/DM patients had significantly higher RDW and NLR. Increased RDW in PM/DM patients was not completely attributed to decreased hemoglobin or therapeutic agents. Both RDW and NLR are independently and positively correlated MYOACT. CONCLUSION: Both RDW and NLR are useful indices in assessing the disease activity of PM/DM.

Histological subtype is a significant predictor for inguinal lymph node metastasis in patients with penile squamous cell carcinoma.

The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between histopathological subtype and the probability of inguinal lymph node metastasis (ILNM) in patients with penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC). The clinical records of 198 consecutive patients with PSCC were analyzed retrospectively. Primary lesions were reevaluated according to the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) histopathological classification. We retrieved the clinicopathological factors from the medical records including age, clinical lymph node stage, pathological tumor stage, lymphatic invasion, and nerve invasion. Uni- and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to explore the risk factors of ILNM. Multivariate analyses identified clinical lymph node stage (P = 0.000), pathological tumor stage (P = 0.016), histologic grade (P = 0.000), and risk group of histological subtypes (P = 0.029) as independent predictors for ILNM. Compared with the low-risk group of PSCC subtypes, the intermediate- (HR: 3.66, 95% CI: 1.30-10.37, P = 0.021) and high-risk groups (HR: 28.74, 95% CI: 2.37-348.54, P = 0.008) were significantly associated with ILNM. In conclusion, the histopathological subtype of the primary lesion is a significant predictor for ILNM in patients with PSCC.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Natriuretic Peptides for Heart Failure in Patients with Pleural Effusion: A Systematic Review and Updated Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have reported that natriuretic peptides in the blood and pleural fluid (PF) are effective diagnostic markers for heart failure (HF). These natriuretic peptides include N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and midregion pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP). This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the diagnostic accuracy of blood and PF natriuretic peptides for HF in patients with pleural effusion. METHODS: PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched to identify articles published in English that investigated the diagnostic accuracy of BNP, NT-proBNP, and MR-proANP for HF. The last search was performed on 9 October 2014. The quality of the eligible studies was assessed using the revised Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool. The diagnostic performance characteristics (sensitivity, specificity, and other measures of accuracy) were pooled and examined using a bivariate model. RESULTS: In total, 14 studies were included in the meta-analysis, including 12 studies reporting the diagnostic accuracy of PF NT-proBNP and 4 studies evaluating blood NT-proBNP. The summary estimates of PF NT-proBNP for HF had a diagnostic sensitivity of 0.94 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.90-0.96), specificity of 0.91 (95% CI: 0.86-0.95), positive likelihood ratio of 10.9 (95% CI: 6.4-18.6), negative likelihood ratio of 0.07 (95% CI: 0.04-0.12), and diagnostic odds ratio of 157 (95% CI: 57-430). The overall sensitivity of blood NT-proBNP for diagnosis of HF was 0.92 (95% CI: 0.86-0.95), with a specificity of 0.88 (95% CI: 0.77-0.94), positive likelihood ratio of 7.8 (95% CI: 3.7-16.3), negative likelihood ratio of 0.10 (95% CI: 0.06-0.16), and diagnostic odds ratio of 81 (95% CI: 27-241). The diagnostic accuracy of PF MR-proANP and blood and PF BNP was not analyzed due to the small number of related studies. CONCLUSIONS: BNP, NT-proBNP, and MR-proANP, either in blood or PF, are effective tools for diagnosis of HF. Additional studies are needed to rigorously evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of PF and blood MR-proANP and BNP for the diagnosis of HF.

A preliminary study on the relationship between circulating tumor cells count and clinical features in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the clinical value of circulating tumor cells (CTC) count in peripheral venous blood of patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). METHODS: A total of 50 NSCLC patients who were diagnosed in Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital from January 2013 to December 2013 were selected as the NSCLC group, 35 patients with lung benign tumor as the benign group, and 28 healthy subjects as the normal control group. Venous blood samples (3 mL) were collected in all subjects for counting the CTC, and a result of ≥8.7 was judged to be positive. The relationships between the positive rate of CTC and the age, sex, pathological type, and clinical stage of NSCLC were analyzed. RESULTS: CTC count was significantly higher in NSCLC group than in benign group and normal control group. In NSCLC patients, CTC count was not significantly correlated with sex, age, or the pathological type (P>0.05) but was closely related to clinical stage (P<0.01). Among NSCLC patients, CTC count significantly increased along with tumor progression. CONCLUSIONS: CTC count shows certain correlation with the clinical features of NSCLC and thus can, to certain extent, reflect the status of the disease.