Impact of visual and textural characteristics of street walls on stress recovery.

Rapid urbanization increases psychological stress among pedestrians, potentially heightening mental health disorders. This study examines the role of street walls' visual and textural characteristics in stress recovery, using Qingdao as a case study. Virtual reality is employed to simulate five distinct street walls: yellow mortar, brown stone, red brick, green plant, and white mortar. The stress recovery effectiveness of these walls was evaluated through psychological and physiological indicators from 48 young college students. Results indicated that street walls with warm tones, particularly brown stone, significantly aid stress recovery. Psychologically, Restorative Components Scale was highest for brown stone at 1.13. Physiologically, it was linked with notable reductions in diastolic and pulse pressure (decreases of 2.95 mmHg and 2.27 mmHg, respectively), and enhanced parasympathetic activity, as evidenced by the fastest decrease in low frequency/high frequency ratio (LF/HF), and increases in pNN50 and RR (0.14-2.01% and 1.57-11.81 ms, respectively). For urban design, the incorporation of warm-toned materials and natural elements like stone is recommended for their superior restorative benefits.

The effect of classroom size and ceiling height on college students' learning performance using virtual reality technology.

The physical characteristics of classrooms can significantly impact the physical and mental health as well as the learning performance of college students. This study investigates the effects of classroom size and ceiling height on learning performance using virtual reality technology. Four classroom settings were created: two small classrooms (40.5 m2) with ceiling heights of 3.0 m and 3.9 m, and two large classrooms (62.1 m2) with ceiling heights of 3.9 m and 4.8 m. 34 students participated in task tests while their subjective evaluations and physiological data were recorded. Results showed higher subjective ratings in larger classrooms with the same ceiling height. Classroom size did not significantly affect task test scores. However, there is a significant difference in Task test scores for ceilings of different heights with the same size classroom. The task test improved by 17.3% in the Big and High Room (BHR) and by 20.1% in the Small and Low Room (SLR). Physiological data revealed significant effects of ceiling height, with HRV-nLF/nHF and EEG-ß power increasing by 26.5% and 53.9% in BHR, and by 10.7% and 22.8% in SLR, respectively. This study concludes that classroom size and ceiling height plays a crucial role in learning performance and provides insights for classroom design. It also establishes a framework for future research on the interplay between heart rate variability, EEG, and learning performance.

Residents' willingness to engage in carbon generalized system of preferences - A personality insight study based on the extended theory of planned behavior.

In the context of China's dual carbon target, reducing personal carbon emissions has been identified as a crucial strategy to achieve the target. The 2022 Digital China Development Report emphasizes the significance of implementing the Carbon Generalized System of Preferences (CGSP) in driving individual carbon reduction efforts in China. However, the psychological factors influencing public participation in CGSP are still unknown. Based on the Extended Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), this study explored the psychological factors of different personality trait groups' participation in the CGSP and categorized 712 respondents into Compatible, Positive, Responsible, and Susceptible based on the MINI-IPIP scale and the K-means method. The results show that the strength of willingness to engage (WTE) in CGSP was ranked as: Compatible > Positive > Responsible > Susceptible and the WTE of compatible groups is more influenced by attitude, while Perceived Behavioral Control (PBC) plays a more crucial role in other groups. Personal Norms (PN) and Policy Awareness (PA) were significant for all specific personality groups except the Susceptible group. Surprisingly subjective norms had little to do with WTE. We believe that policymakers should consider the impact of PBC on WTE when formulating policies and raise the expectation of residents in terms of the value they can obtain from participating in CGSP. Additionally, promotional activities related to PN and PA in connection with CGSP should be conducted. These efforts may help individuals better engage in CGSP.

Pollutant removal in an experimental bioretention cell situated in a northern Chinese sponge city.

To assess the viability and effectiveness of bioretention cell in enhancing rainwater resource utilization within sponge cities, this study employs field monitoring, laboratory testing, and statistical analysis to evaluate the water purification capabilities of bioretention cell. Findings indicate a marked purification impact on surface runoff, with removal efficiencies of 59.81% for suspended solids (SS), 39.01% for chemical oxygen demand (COD), 37.53% for ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), and 30.49% for total phosphorus (TP). The treated water largely complies with rainwater reuse guidelines and tertiary sewage discharge standards. Notably, while previous research in China has emphasized water volume control in sponge city infrastructures, less attention has been given to the qualitative aspects and field-based evaluations. This research not only fills that gap but also offers valuable insights and practical implications for bioretention cell integration into sponge city development. Moreover, the methodology and outcomes of this study serve as a benchmark for future sponge city project assessments, offering guidance to relevant authorities.

Analysis of the potential application of a residential composite energy storage system based on a double-layer optimization model.

Along with the further integration of demand management and renewable energy technology, making optimal use of energy storage devices and coordinating operation with other devices are key. The present study takes into account the current situation of power storage equipment. Based on one year of measured data, four cases are designed for a composite energy storage system (ESS). In this paper, a two-tiered optimization model is proposed and is used to optimizing the capacity of power storage devices and the yearly production of the system. Furthermore, this paper performs a comparative analysis of the performance of the four cases from the energy, environmental and economic perspectives. It is concluded that this kind of energy storage equipment can enhance the economics and environment of residential energy systems. The thermal energy storage system (TESS) has the shortest payback period (7.84 years), and the CO2 emissions are the lowest. Coupled with future price volatility and the carbon tax, the electrothermal hybrid energy storage system (HESS) has good development potential. However, the current investment cost is very high, and it will not be possible to recover this cost in 10 years. Finally, it is recommended that the cost of equipment be reduced in combination with subsidies and incentives for further promotion. The research results not only fill a gap in the study area, but also provide some suggestions for further development of industry and research on user-side energy storage.

Transcriptome Analysis of Key Genes Involved in the Initiation of Spermatogonial Stem Cell Differentiation.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to screen the genes and pathways that are involved in spermatogonia stem cell (SSC) differentiation regulation during the transition from Aundiff to A1. Methods: RNA sequencing was performed to screen differentially expressed genes at 1 d and 2 d after SSC differentiation culture. KEGG pathway enrichment and GO function analysis were performed to reveal the genes and pathways related to the initiation of early SSC differentiation. RESULTS: The GO analysis showed that Rpl21, which regulates cell differentiation initiation, significantly increased after 1 day of SSC differentiation. The expressions of Fn1, Cd9, Fgf2, Itgb1, Epha2, Ctgf, Cttn, Timp2 and Fgfr1, which are related to promoting differentiation, were up-regulated after 2 days of SSC differentiation. The analysis of the KEGG pathway revealed that RNA transport is the most enriched pathway 1 day after SSC differentiation. Hspa2, which promotes the differentiation of male reproductive cells, and Cdkn2a, which participates in the cell cycle, were significantly up-regulated. The p53 pathway and MAPK pathway were the most enriched pathways 2 days after SSC differentiation. Cdkn1a, Hmga2, Thbs1 and Cdkn2a, microRNAs that promote cell differentiation, were also significantly up-regulated. CONCLUSIONS: RNA transport, the MAPK pathway and the p53 pathway may play vital roles in early SSC differentiation, and Rpl21, Fn1, Cd9, Fgf2, Itgb1, Epha2, Ctgf, Cttn, Timp2, Fgfr1, Hspa2, Cdkn2a, Cdkn1a, Hmga2 and Thbs1 are involved in the initiation of SSC differentiation. The findings of this study provide a reference for further revelations of the regulatory mechanism of SSC differentiation.

Heterogeneous Co-Ni phosphide with active sites for water dissociation and efficient hydrogen evolution reaction.

The construction of highly active and stable transition phosphide-based materials is widely regarded as an alternative approach to the use of Pt-based catalysts in the field of electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Herein, self-supported heterostructure Co-Ni phosphides (denoted as CoxNi1-x-P) were synthesized with different metal ratios by a low temperature electrodeposition strategy. Impressively, the optimized heterogeneous Co0.5Ni0.5-P nanocomposites displayed outstanding hydrogen evolution performance, with low overpotentials of 67 mV and 181 mV to deliver current densities of 10 mA cm-2 and 100 mA cm-2 in alkaline electrolyte. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed the optimized electronic structure of Co0.5Ni0.5-P, which led to an improvement in the conductivity. Density functional theory calculations demonstrated that the Co0.5Ni0.5-P heterostructure could provide a more optimal water-dissociation-related Volmer process for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), in which water molecules could be easily activated on Co0.5Ni0.5-P with a low energy barrier. Moreover, the downshift of the d-band center confirmed the optimized H adsorption, further accelerating the HER kinetics.

Thermal comfort and adaptive behaviors in office buildings: A pilot study in Turpan (China) during summer.

Nowadays, evaporatively cooled office buildings commonly observed in dry hot areas in summer of China. However, few dedicated studies to record the local residents' thermal comfort and adaptability in these buildings. The contribution of adaptive comfort theory on thermal perception still remains unclear for optimizing office building design parameters. Hence, to deeper probe the adaptive thermal comfort of the related indoor environment, a field study of office buildings during summer considering evaporative cooling air conditioned (ECA) and naturally ventilated (NV) mode was conducted in Turpan, China. Based on 931 valid datasets collected from questionnaires, we found that the neutral temperature (Tn) of 28.4 °C in ECA group, 0.6 °C lower than NV group (29.0 °C). A lower air temperature (Ta) and higher humidity (RH)/air-velocity (Va) were expected in two modes, and Va has a stronger influence than RH on mean thermal sensation votes (MTSV). Meanwhile, occupants can adapt to current indoor environment through physiological, psychological and behavioral adjustments, while the clothing regulation had limited effect on MTSV unless the outdoor temperature exceeds 38 °C. Whether in ECA or NV mode, the predicted mean votes (PMV) model overestimated actual thermal sensation when operative temperature (Top) beyond 28 °C. Adaptive models were also proved varied from that in current standards, which indicated that they were not suitable for evaluating the studied buildings in Turpan. Above findings could suggest us a better understanding of the occupants' thermal adaptability, thereby providing the reference of design parameters revision and passive strategies for local newly/renovated buildings.

Hourly global solar radiation prediction based on seasonal and stochastic feature.

Accurate and detailed solar radiation data play a crucial role in the simulation of building thermal and photovoltaic systems. However, developing a highly precise and dependable solar radiation model using cost-effective data has proven challenging. This work proposes a new attenuation solar radiation model formed by conducting a comprehensive analysis of existing models and gaining new insights into solar radiation's seasonal and stochastic properties. Meanwhile, the model is constructed using easily obtainable surface meteorological parameters. The results demonstrate that the proposed model exhibits good performance in terms of prediction accuracy. Moreover, the majority of existing hourly solar radiation models have been primarily developed for clear-sky conditions. However, there is a growing demand for solar radiation hourly estimations that can uphold a high level of accuracy and reliability even in different weather state. Conversely, the proposed model is developed and validated by more than twenty year's meteorological data encompassing various weather conditions in Japan. It effectively captures the stochastic nature of solar radiation by utilizing turbidity parameters, even on cloudy and rainy days. Additionally, the inclusion of interaction variables significantly enhances its interpretability.

How to promote the sustainable development of virtual reality technology for training in construction filed: A tripartite evolutionary game analysis.

In recent years, virtual reality training technology (VRTT) has been considered by many scholars as a new training method instead of traditional training (TT) to reduce unsafe behaviors ascribed to construction workers (CWs) and corporate accident rates. However, in this process, a conflict of interest arises among the government, construction enterprises (CEs), and CWs. Therefore, this study introduces a quantitative research method, the three-party evolutionary game and creatively combining them with the product life cycle (PLC) to solve this problem by analyzing the equilibrium and evolutionarily stable strategies of the system. Finally, collaborative players' decision-making behaviors and their sensitivity to critical factors are examined. This paper will illustrate these in each stage through numerical simulations. The results of the study indicate that the government plays a dominant role in the VRTT introduction stage. When the government gives CEs appropriate subsidies, CEs will eventually realize the importance of VRTT for CWs. Then the government will gradually reduce the amount of the subsidies in this process. In addition, we also find that the continually high cost will lead to negative policies by the government, which requires the active cooperation and attitude change from CEs and CWs. Ultimately, the government, CEs and CWs adopt the best strategy in the evolutionary process to facilitate the promotion, application and sustainability of VRTT in the construction industry.

Carbon/nitrogen flows and associated microbial communities in full-scale foodwaste treatment plants.

Microorganisms play key roles in the conversion of organic matter in foodwaste. However, both the microbially-mediated element (carbon/C and nitrogen/N) flows and associated microbial communities in foodwaste treatment plants (FWTPs) remain unclear. This study collected samples of different foodwaste treatment units from five full-scale FWTPs to analyze the C/N flows and microbial communities in foodwaste treatment processes. Results showed that 39.8-45.0% of organic carbon in foodwaste was converted into biogas. Hydrolytic acidogenic bacteria (e.g., Lactobacillus and Limosilactobacillus) and eukaryota (e.g., Cafeteriaceae, Saccharomycetales, and Agaricomycetes) were more abundant in feedstock and pretreatment units. Redundancy analyses showed that acidogens were major players in the transformation of foodwaste organic matter. Populations of W27 and Tepidanaerobacter were major contributors to the difference in conversion of C/N in these FWTPs. This study could support foodwaste treatment efficiencies improvement by providing insights into C/N flows and associated microbiota in FWTPs.

Effect of Prestirring Time on Carbon Removal from Coal Fly Ash in the Flotation Technology.

Coal fly ash (CFA) is one of the industrial byproducts of burning coal for energy production and has unburned carbon, which negatively affects its full potential use. The flotation technology can be effective in separating unburned carbon from CFA, and the prestirring time is crucial for the ideal initial conditions during the flotation process. To find the suitable prestirring time, eight prestirring times, including 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 min, were selected in this paper, followed by flotation of CFA after prestirring. Parameters such as loss on ignition (LOI), the removal rate of unburned carbon (RUC), contact angle, and particle size volume fraction were used to assess the effect of prestirring time on flotation results. The results showed that the prestirring time significantly affects the CFA flotation performance. As the prestirring time increased, the LOI of CFA first decreased and then increased, and the contact angle showed the opposite trend. Besides, the prestirring time of over 2 min positively affected the fineness of the tailings. Overall, the prestirring time of 3 min had the most significant carbon removal effect, obtaining an LOI of tailings of 0.96%, a yield of 74.56%, an RUC of 72.70%, and a volume fraction less than 45 µm of 36.65%. This study provides theoretical support for improving stirring efficiency and saving flotation costs in industrial applications and is conducive to the recycling of CFA resources.

Vanadium-induced synthesis of amorphous V-Co-P nanoparticles for an enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction.

The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) plays a vital role for the production of pure hydrogen with zero carbon release. Developing high efficiency non-noble metal electrocatalysts could reduce its cost. Here, vanadium doped cobalt phosphide grown on carbon cloth (CC) was synthesized by the low temperature electrodeposition-phosphorization method. The influence of V dopants on the structural, morphological, and electrocatalytic performance of Vx-Co1-x-P composites was also investigated in-depth. Impressively, the optimized amorphous V0.1-Co0.9-P nano-electrocatalyst exhibits outstanding catalytic activity with a low overpotential of 50 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm-2 and a small Tafel value of 48.5 mV dec-1 in alkaline media. The results showed that V dopants in the composite change its crystal structure from the crystalline phase to the amorphous phase, resulting in the introduction of V-O sites, which regulate the electron density of the active sites and the exposure of surface active sites and thus promote the electrocatalytic HER process. This work provides a novel idea for the fabrication of high-efficiency metal phosphide based electrocatalysts.

Applying Convolutional Neural Network to Predict Soil Erosion: A Case Study of Coastal Areas.

The development of ecological restoration projects is unsatisfactory, and soil erosion is still a problem in ecologically restored areas. Traditional soil erosion studies are mostly based on satellite remote sensing data and traditional soil erosion models, which cannot accurately characterize the soil erosion conditions in ecological restoration areas (mainly plantation forests). This paper uses high-resolution unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images as the base data, which could improve the accuracy of the study. Considering that traditional soil erosion models cannot accurately express the complex relationships between erosion factors, this paper applies convolutional neural network (CNN) models to identify the soil erosion intensity in ecological restoration areas, which can solve the problem of nonlinear mapping of soil erosion. In this study area, compared with the traditional method, the accuracy of soil erosion identification by applying the CNN model improved by 25.57%, which is better than baseline methods. In addition, based on research results, this paper analyses the relationship between land use type, vegetation cover, and slope and soil erosion. This study makes five recommendations for the prevention and control of soil erosion in the ecological restoration area, which provides a scientific basis and decision reference for subsequent ecological restoration decisions.

Research on the influence of indoor thermal environment and activity levels on thermal comfort in protective clothing.

With the outbreak of infectious diseases such as Corona Virus Disease 2019, medical staff work intensively in isolated plots, medical disposable protective clothing (MDPC) has poor air condition and humidity permeability, which seriously reduces the thermal comfort of medical staff. In this paper, the effect of indoor thermal environment and activity levels on thermal comfort inside MDPC was studied by experiment. Five parts of the body were measured inside MDPC and the appropriate movements were chosen to simulate different levels of labor intensity. Meanwhile, physiological parameters and subjective thermal sensation were statistically analyzed. The results showed the influence range of different indoor temperatures on the temperature and humidity inside MDPC was about 1 °C and 10 %, respectively; it indicated that the environment inside MDPC could be improved by reducing indoor temperature, that is, a cross intelligent adjustment mode was proposed. The effect of labor intensity on the temperature inside MDPC was significantly less than that of humidity. Within 20 min, the humidity changes under moderate and heavy labor intensity were even more than 10 %, and the subjective discomfort threshold of the subjects increased by nearly 50 %. Furthermore, the maximum benefit could be obtained by concentrating cooling on back, forehead, chest and upper arm. Theoretical models of working time, labor intensity, and temperature and humidity inside MDPC under different indoor temperatures and different parts were given. In addition, acceptable regions inside MDPC which were approximately parallelogram in the enthalpy-humidity chart. These conclusions could be a reference for future thermal comfort inside MDPC research.

Transcriptome Analysis in High Temperature Inhibiting Spermatogonial Stem Cell Differentiation In Vitro.

As one of the factors of male infertility, high temperature induces apoptosis of differentiated spermatogenic cells, sperm DNA oxidative damage, and changes in morphology and function of Sertoli cells. Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are a type of germline stem cells that maintain spermatogenesis through self-renewal and differentiation. At present, however, the effect of high temperature on SSC differentiation remains unknown. In this study, an in vitro SSC differentiation model was used to investigate the effect of heat stress treatment on SSC differentiation, and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to enrich the key genes and pathways in high temperature inhibiting SSC differentiation. Results show that 2 days of 37 °C or 43 °C (30 min per day) heat stress treatment significantly inhibited SSC differentiation. The differentiation-related genes c-kit, stra8, Rec8, Sycp3, and Ovol1 were down-regulated after 2 and 4 days of heat stress at 37 °C. The transcriptome of SSCs was significantly differentially expressed on days 2 and 4 after heat stress treatment at 37 °C. In total, 1660 and 7252 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by RNA-seq in SSCs treated with heat stress at 37 °C for 2 and 4 days, respectively. KEGG pathway analysis showed that p53, ribosome, and carbon metabolism signaling pathways promoting stem cell differentiation were significantly enriched after heat stress treatment at 37 °C. In conclusion, 37 °C significantly inhibited SSC differentiation, and p53, ribosome, and carbon metabolism signaling pathways were involved in this differentiation inhibition process. The results of this study provide a reference for further investigation into the mechanism by which high temperature inhibits SSC differentiation.

Impact of Situational Environmental Education on Tourist Behavior-A Case Study of Water Culture Ecological Park in China.

With the increasing number of travelling people, the behavior of tourists is having an increasing impact on the environment. Situational environmental education will influence the tourists' responsible environmental behavior, which positively or negatively affects the environment. The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of situational environmental education on tourists' responsible environmental behavior through a field study of Changchun Water Culture Ecological Park, combined with a survey and Zaltman metaphor elicitation technique (ZMET) interview method. There are 527 questionnaires, 89 pre-questionnaires, and 15 interview records collected. The results showed that: (1) All interviewees were impressed with the situational environmental education in the park. It can be concluded that the situational environmental education is easily accepted. The reason may be that, among the theme park users, 42.69% were aged 21-30 year's old, and 62.8% of the population have a college degree or above. (2) The standardized path coefficient of situational environmental education in tourist destinations for tourists' behavioral intention is 0.74, and the standardized path coefficient for responsible environmental behavior is 0.78, which is much higher than the standard value of 0.4. Therefore, situational environmental education has positive influences on the tourists' behavioral intention and responsible environmental behavior. (3) The sensitive analysis the tourists' behavioral intention has a positive relationship with attitudes toward environmental behaviors (0.66), subjective norm (0.53), and perceptual behavior control (0.52). The results of this study can provide a scientific basis for the planning and design of urban parks.

Can Economic Growth and Environmental Protection Achieve a "Win-Win" Situation? Empirical Evidence from China.

Achieving a "win-win" situation regarding economic growth and environmental protection has become a common goal for sustainable development in all countries around the world. As the world's largest developing country and the second largest economy, China has been striving to maintain economic growth while improving environmental quality to achieve its sustainable development goals. Applying the decoupling approach, a model widely used to quantify the relationship between the environment and the economy, this study analyzed the relationship between the economy and the environment, examining the decoupling performance of economic growth and environmental impacts in 30 Chinese provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities to investigate whether economic growth and environmental protection have achieved a "win-win" situation. Nighttime light (NTL) data were used to measure the performance of economic growth. In addition, an environmental pressure index (EPI) assessment framework covering 6 primary and 11 secondary indicators was constructed to measure the environmental quality of China over time. First, NTL data proved to be a valid data source for assessing decoupling performance; second, environmental pressure at both the national and provincial levels significantly decreased during the study period; third, the relationship between the economy and the environment has been further improved, and economic growth and environmental protection have achieved a "win-win" situation. These findings offer an in-depth analysis of the decoupling of the economy and the environment in China and serve as a guide for future implementation strategies for sustainable development in various regions.

Evaluating the Coordinated Development between Urban Greening and Economic Growth in Chinese Cities during 2005 to 2019.

Balancing economic growth with environmental protection is vital for the sustainable development of cities and regions. However, urban greening has rarely been considered in extensive studies. This study incorporates urban greening into a coupling coordination degree (CCD) model, in order to evaluate its coordination with economic performance. A total of 286 cities in China between 2005 and 2019 were selected as specific study subjects. Meanwhile, clustering method was used to classify different clusters based on CCD values, the Gini coefficient analysis was applied to discover the CCD values inequality characteristics and the exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) method was employed to study the CCD values spatial aggregation features. The results indicate that the CCD values presented significant spatial heterogeneity. Spatially, the CCD values were divided into eight clusters, with those in the eastern region generally being higher than in the central and western regions. Temporally, the CCD in all cities showed an increasing trend, but more than 60% of cities were still in the uncoordinated or low-level coordination stage. In addition, inequality and spatial aggregation characteristics were observed in CCD values, both of which presented decreasing trends. Greening has a stronger influence on the linked and coordinated growth of the two systems; therefore, we propose policy recommendations for pursuing the development of environmentally friendly cities from different aspects. In summary, this research allows for a better understanding of economic and environmental relationships, thus contributing to the objective of creating sustainable cities and communities.

Supporting Design to Develop Rural Revitalization through Investigating Village Microclimate Environments: A Case Study of Typical Villages in Northwest China.

China has the largest number of villages in the world, and research on rural microclimate will contribute to global climate knowledge. A three-by-three grid method was developed to explore village microclimates through field measurement and ENVI-met simulation. A regression model was used to explore the mechanistic relationship between microclimate and spatial morphology, and predicted mean vote (PMV) was selected to evaluate outdoor thermal comfort. The results showed that ENVI-met was able to evaluate village microclimate, as Pearson's correlation coefficient was greater than 0.8 and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) was from 2.16% to 3.79%. Moreover, the air temperature of west-east road was slightly higher than that of south-north, especially in the morning. The height-to-width ratio (H/W) was the most significant factor to affect air temperature compared to percentage of building coverage (PBC) and wind speed. In addition, H/W and air temperature had a relatively strong negative correlation when H/W was between 0.52 and 0.93. PMV indicated that the downwind edge area of prevailing wind in villages was relatively comfortable. This study provides data support and a reference for optimizing village land use, mediating the living environment, and promoting rural revitalization.