Giant seminal vesicle cyst with hemorrhage in Zinner syndrome: A case report.

RATIONALE: Zinner syndrome (ZS) is a rare congenital malformation of the urogenital tract that is associated with seminal vesicle cysts, ejaculatory duct obstruction, and ipsilateral renal agenesis. This unique condition was first reported by Zinner (1914). ZS is caused by malformation of the distal mesonephric duct during embryogenesis. To our knowledge, no giant seminal vesicle cysts with hemorrhage in ZS have been reported in the current study. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 63-year-old man presented with chronic hypogastralgia with no history of lower urinary tract symptoms, hematuria, or trauma. Physical examination revealed no localized uplift or percussive pain in either kidney. No tenderness in the ureter stroke region, no localized eminence in the suprapubic region of the bladder, and no tenderness in the bladder region was observed. Digital rectal examination revealed a cystic mass with a smooth surface in the anterior wall of the rectum with no tenderness or unclear boundaries. No blood staining was observed in the finger sheaths. DIAGNOSES: Computed tomography scan revealed that the right kidney was absent, with a mass similar to a cord above the right seminal vesicle cyst. Contrast-enhanced pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed a short T1 and T2 signal shadow similar to a cord above the right seminal vesicle cyst. The boundary was clear, with the upper part leading to the "renal region" and the lower part connecting to the right seminal vesicle cyst. Contrast-enhanced MRI showed local parenchymal cysts with cyst wall enhancement but no intrathecal enhancement. This suggested a hemorrhagic cyst. A diagnosis of Zinner syndrome was established. INTERVENTIONS: The patient was diagnosed with a giant seminal vesicle cyst with hemorrhage in ZS. The patient had no obvious symptoms; therefore, regular follow-ups were performed. OUTCOMES: MRI of the patient 1 month later showed that the hematoma in the seminal vesicle cyst was not absorbed. LESSONS: Giant seminal vesicle cysts with hemorrhage in ZS are rare. To patients without symptom, regular follow-up can be adopted.

Effectiveness of high frequency ultrasound on pressure ulcer: A systematic review protocol of randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: This study aims to systematically assess the effectiveness of high frequency ultrasound (HFUS) on pressure ulcer (PU). METHODS: In this study, PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure will be searched from inception to the present without any language limitations. The primary outcomes include change in ulcer area, and time complete healing. The secondary outcomes consist of proportion of ulcers healed within trial period, quality of life, pain intensity, and adverse events. Cochrane risk of bias tool will be used to assess methodological quality. RevMan 5.3 software (London, UK) will be used to analyze the data. RESULTS: This study will analyze change in ulcer area, time complete healing, proportion of ulcers healed within study period, quality of life, pain intensity, and adverse events on HFUS in patients with PU. CONCLUSION: This study will provide most recent evidence for the effectiveness and safety of HFUS for patients with PU. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: PROSPERO CRD42019138177.