Assessment of Non-Phytate Phosphorus Requirements of Chinese Jing Tint 6 Layer Chicks from Hatch to Day 42.

We aimed to estimate the non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) requirements of Chinese Jing Tint 6 layer chicks. We randomly allocated 720 birds to five treatments with six cages of 24 birds each, feeding them a corn-soybean diet containing 0.36%, 0.41%, 0.46%, 0.51%, and 0.56% NNP. The results showed that the body weight gain (BWG), tibial length, and apparent total tract digestibility coefficients (ATTDC) of P were affected (p < 0.05) by dietary NPP level. A quadratic broken-line analysis (p < 0.05) of BWG indicated that the optimal NPP for birds aged 1-14 d was 0.411%. Similarly, 0.409% of NPP met tibial growth needs. However, 0.394% of NPP was optimal for P utilization according to the ATTDC criterion. For 15-42 d birds, 0.466% NPP, as estimated by the BWG criterion, was sufficient for optimal growth without decreasing P utilization. Using the factorial method, NPP requirements were calculated as 0.367% and 0.439%, based on the maintenance factors and BWG for 1-14 and 15-42 d birds, respectively, to maintain normal growth. Combining the non-linear model with the factorial method, this study recommends dietary NPP levels of 0.367% and 0.439% for 1-14 and 15-42 d birds, respectively, to optimize P utilization without affecting performance.

Treatment Strategies for Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis: A Systematic Review and Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To compare the safety and efficacy of carotid endarterectomy (CEA), carotid stenting (CAS), and optimal medical therapy (OMT) in patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis. METHODS: Relevant randomized controlled trials were researched with PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library databases. Fixed-effects model and random-effects model were used to estimate the relative risks and the hazard ratios (HRs). The results of the probabilistic analysis were reported as surfaces under the cumulative ranking curve. RESULTS: Eight randomized controlled trials were included. Data from 10 348 patients (CEA: n = 4758; CAS: n = 3919; OMT: n = 1673) were evaluated. Compared with the previous OMT, CEA, CAS, and the current OMT (c-OMT) were all effective in reducing the risk of stroke (CEA: HR, 0.52; CI, 0.40-0.66; CAS: HR, 0.58; CI, 0.42-0.81; c-OMT: HR, 0.40; CI, 0.15-0.94); CEA and CAS reduced the risk of ipsilateral stroke (CEA: HR, 0.41; CI, 0.28-0.59; CAS: HR, 0.51; CI, 0.31-0.84), and the risk of fatal or disabling stroke (CEA: HR, 0.59; CI, 0.43-0.81; CAS: HR, 0.57; CI, 0.34-0.95). Regarding reducing the risk of stroke, only CEA was statistically significant in patients with any degree of stenosis compared with the previous medical treatment (<80%: HR, 0.48; CI, 0.33%-0.70%; 80%-99%: HR, 0.53; CI, 0.38-0.73). CONCLUSION: In the treatment of asymptomatic carotid stenosis, the perioperative outcomes of CAS were similar to that of CEA; CEA, CAS, and c-OMT shared similar long-term outcomes; and CEA and CAS may be more effective in patients with high levels of asymptomatic stenosis.

Enhancing Load-Bearing Capacity of Calcareous Sands through Gel Stabilization: A Mechanical and Material Characterization Study.

Calcareous sands often display wide ring grain configurations, high intragranular porosity, a complex structure, and low grain hardness. These attributes typically do not meet the strength criteria necessary to sustain overlying infrastructure in civil engineering applications. This study investigates gel stabilization techniques, blending gel material with calcareous sand at concentrations ranging from 5% to 22%, followed by curing periods of 3 to 28 days to evaluate the load-bearing capacity. Subsequently, an unconfined compressive test is performed to determine the gel material content in stabilized specimens and investigate the influence of gel material types. The gel material-to-sand ratios employed are set at 5%, 10%, and 16% for Portland cement and 13%, 16%, and 22% for gypsum. After that, a triaxial consolidated undrained test is conducted to assess mechanical behavior, pore water pressure, and mechanical properties. The findings reveal increased dilation, stress-strain hardening, and softening post-yield, regardless of gel material type. Principal stress ratios, secant modulus, and cohesion show a positive correlation with maintenance duration and binder content, with implications for improved load-bearing capacity. The study also elucidates the qualitative relationship between secant modulus E50 and confining pressure.

Automatic prediction of non-iodine-avid status in lung metastases for radioactive I131 treatment in differentiated thyroid cancer patients.

Objectives: The growing incidence of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) have been linked to insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. The imperative need for developing effective diagnostic imaging tools to predict the non-iodine-avid status of lung metastasis (LMs) in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients is underscored to prevent unnecessary radioactive iodine treatment (RAI). Methods: Primary cohort consisted 1962 pretreated LMs of 496 consecutive DTC patients with pretreated initially diagnosed LMs who underwent chest CT and subsequent post-treatment radioiodine SPECT. After automatic lesion segmentation by SE V-Net, SE Net deep learning was trained to predict non-iodine-avid status of LMs. External validation cohort contained 123 pretreated LMs of 24 consecutive patients from other two hospitals. Stepwise validation was further performed according to the nodule's largest diameter. Results: The SE-Net deep learning network yielded area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) values of 0.879 (95% confidence interval: 0.852-0.906) and 0.713 (95% confidence interval: 0.613-0.813) for internal and external validation. With the LM diameter decreasing from ≥10mm to ≤4mm, the AUCs remained relatively stable, for smallest nodules (≤4mm), the model yielded an AUC of 0.783. Decision curve analysis showed that most patients benefited using deep learning to decide radioactive I131 treatment. Conclusion: This study presents a noninvasive, less radioactive and fully automatic approach that can facilitate suitable DTC patient selection for RAI therapy of LMs. Further prospective multicenter studies with larger study cohorts and related metabolic factors should address the possibility of comprehensive clinical transformation.

Subregion-specific 18F-FDG PET-CT radiomics for the pre-treatment prediction of EGFR mutation status in solid lung adenocarcinoma.

This study aimed to assess the efficacy of fluor-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET/CT using sub-regional-based radiomics in predicting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status in pretreatment patients with solid lung adenocarcinoma. A retrospective analysis included 269 patients (134 EGFR+ and 135 EGFR-) who underwent pretreatment 18F-FDG PET/CT scans and EGFR mutation testing. The most metabolically active intratumoral sub-region was identified, and radiomics features from whole tumors or sub-regional regions were used to build classification models. The dataset was split into a 7:3 ratio for training and independent testing. Feature subsets were determined by Pearson correlation and the Kruskal Wallis test and radiomics classifiers were built with support vector machines or logistic regressions. Evaluation metrics, including accuracy, area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were employed for different classifiers. Results indicated that the sub-region-based classifier outperformed the whole-tumor classifier in terms of accuracy (73.8% vs. 66.2%), AUC (0.768 vs. 0.632), specificity (65.0% vs. 50.0%), PPV (70.2% vs. 62.2%), and NPV (78.8% vs. 74.0%). The clinical classifier exhibited an accuracy of 75.0%, AUC of 0.768, sensitivity of 72.5%, specificity of 77.5%, PPV of 76.3%, and NPV of 73.8%. The combined classifier, incorporating sub-region analysis and clinical parameters, demonstrated further improvement with an accuracy of 77.5%, AUC of 0.807, sensitivity of 77.5%, specificity of 77.5%, and NPV of 77.5%. The study suggests that sub-region-based 18F-FDG PET/CT radiomics enhances EGFR mutation prediction in solid lung adenocarcinoma, providing a practical and cost-efficient alternative to invasive EGFR testing.

Proactive green innovation and firm climate resilience: the nonlinear interaction effect of climate risk.

Based on empirical analysis of 113 climate disasters affecting 3563 listed firms across 31 provinces in China from 2010 to 2022, as documented in the Emergency Events Database (EM-DAT), this study employs event study and multiple regression to explore the impact of proactive green innovation on firm climate resilience. By categorizing proactive green innovation into process and product innovation and climate resilience into short-term and long-term resilience, a proactive green innovation-firm climate resilience 2 × 2 matrix is constructed to provide innovative insights. This study reveals that proactive green innovation enhances firm climate resilience. Specifically, proactive green process innovation both enhances short-term and long-term climate resilience, while proactive green product innovation only enhances long-term rather than short-term climate resilience. Furthermore, climate disaster has inverted U-shaped interaction effect on the relationship between proactive green innovation and short-term climate resilience and U-shaped interaction effect on the relationship between proactive green innovation and long-term climate resilience. Additionally, this study also investigates the heterogeneous mechanisms of proactive green innovation enhancing short-term and long-term climate resilience based on network embeddedness theory and legitimacy theory.

The Causes Behind the Survival Paradox in Non-Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients and its Impact on the Treatment Regimen: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: The survival paradox (ie, the prognosis of the population at earlier tumor stages is worse than that of the population at later stages) has been observed in colorectal cancer based on the American Joint Committee on Cancer Tumor-Nodes-Metastases staging system. We aimed to clarify the reason for the survival paradox and its impact on patient treatment. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study analyzing eligible patients with colorectal cancer from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database and Zhejiang Cancer Hospital between 2010 and 2019. Adjusting for confounders using propensity score matching allowed confirmation of the effect of staging on the survival paradox. RESULTS: Based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, the subgroups with survival paradox might be IIB/C versus IIIA, IIA versus IIIA, and T4N0 (IIB/C) versus T3N1 (IIIB). After propensity score matching, stage IIB/C still had a worse prognosis than stage IIIA (5-year overall survival: 69.3% vs 78.5%, P < .001). Interestingly, the proportion of stage IIIA people receiving chemotherapy was higher than that of stage IIB/C (P < .001), and logistic regression models showed that staging was the reason for deciding whether a patient receives chemotherapy or not. These phenomena between stage IIB/C and IIIA were verified in the local database. CONCLUSION: These results suggested that the survival paradox was mainly due to underestimation of stage T4 weights or overestimation of stage N1 weights, and the low proportion of chemotherapy in patients with T4N0M0 colorectal cancer (proven to be more malignant than stage IIIA) might be related to the assignment to earlier stages, resulting in a lack of attention and poor compliance to chemotherapy in these patients.

Advances in single-cell sequencing technology in microbiome research.

With the rapid development of histological techniques and the widespread application of single-cell sequencing in eukaryotes, researchers desire to explore individual microbial genotypes and functional expression, which deepens our understanding of microorganisms. In this review, the history of the development of microbial detection technologies was revealed and the difficulties in the application of single-cell sequencing in microorganisms were dissected as well. Moreover, the characteristics of the currently emerging microbial single-cell sequencing (Microbe-seq) technology were summarized, and the prospects of the application of Microbe-seq in microorganisms were distilled based on the current development status. Despite its mature development, the Microbe-seq technology was still in the optimization stage. A retrospective study was conducted, aiming to promote the widespread application of single-cell sequencing in microorganisms and facilitate further improvement in the technology.

A novel digital intermediate frequency module for hyperspectral microwave radiometers based on the parallel fast Fourier transform algorithm.

Microwave radiometers, possessing all-day and all-weather operational capabilities, are extensively utilized in the exploration of planetary atmospheres and surfaces. The potential of the hyperspectral detection technology to enhance the precision and resolution of microwave radiometer detection has made it a crucial research focus. This paper introduces an intermediate frequency (IF) module for hyperspectral microwave radiometers. The IF module is constructed with two 6.4 gigabit samples per second sampling-rate analog-to-digital converter (ADC) chips and a Xilinx Virtex-7 field programmable gate array. By implementing a parallel fast Fourier transform algorithm and a pipeline architecture, the IF module can efficiently process all ADC sampling data in real-time, generating 512 channels of output for each ADC. The test results, including linearity, sensitivity, and flatness, are presented and thoroughly analyzed for the IF module. Furthermore, the module is interfaced with the radio frequency front-end of the microwave radiometer to measure hot and cold calibration sources and assess its sensitivity. When combined with a suitable front-end receiver, the IF module can form a radiometer system suitable for various applications of microwave remote sensing.

Aging-induced tRNAGlu-derived fragment impairs glutamate biosynthesis by targeting mitochondrial translation-dependent cristae organization.

Mitochondrial cristae, infoldings of the mitochondrial inner membrane, undergo aberrant changes in their architecture with age. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms and their contribution to brain aging are largely elusive. Here, we observe an age-dependent accumulation of Glu-5'tsRNA-CTC, a transfer-RNA-derived small RNA (tsRNA), derived from nuclear-encoded tRNAGlu in the mitochondria of glutaminergic neurons. Mitochondrial Glu-5'tsRNA-CTC disrupts the binding of mt-tRNALeu and leucyl-tRNA synthetase2 (LaRs2), impairing mt-tRNALeu aminoacylation and mitochondria-encoded protein translation. Mitochondrial translation defects disrupt cristae organization, leading to damaged glutaminase (GLS)-dependent glutamate formation and reduced synaptosomal glutamate levels. Moreover, reduction of Glu-5'tsRNA-CTC protects aged brains from age-related defects in mitochondrial cristae organization, glutamate metabolism, synaptic structures, and memory. Thus, beyond illustrating a physiological role for normal mitochondrial cristae ultrastructure in maintaining glutamate levels, our study defines a pathological role for tsRNAs in brain aging and age-related memory decline.

Overexpression of the alfalfa (Medicago sativa) gene, MsKMS1, negatively regulates seed germination in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum).

Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE)-associated proteins are a class of transmembrane proteins involved in intracellular trafficking pathways. However, the functions of many SNARE domain-containing proteins remain unclear. We have previously identified a SNARE-associated gene in alfalfa (Medicago sativa ) KILLING ME SLOWLY1 (MsKMS1 ), which is involved in various abiotic stresses. In this study, we investigated the function of MsKMS1 in the seed germination of transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum ). Phylogenetic analysis showed that MsKMS1 was homologous to the SNARE-associated or MAPR component-related proteins of other plants. Germination assays revealed that MsKMS1 negatively regulated seed germination under normal, D-mannitol and abscisic acid-induced stress conditions, yet MsKMS1 -overexpression could confer enhanced heat tolerance in transgenic tobacco. The suppressive effect on germination in MsKMS1 -overexpression lines was associated with higher abscisic acid and salicylic acid contents in seeds. This was accompanied by the upregulation of abscisic acid biosynthetic genes (ZEP and NCED ) and the downregulation of gibberellin biosynthetic genes (GA20ox2 and GA20ox3 ). Taken together, these results suggested that MsKMS1 negatively regulated seed germination by increasing abscisic acid and salicylic acid contents through the expression of genes related to abscisic acid and gibberellin biosynthesis. In addition, MsKMS1 could improve heat tolerance during the germination of transgenic tobacco seeds.

Electroacupuncture ameliorates neuroinflammation by inhibiting TRPV4 channel in ischemic stroke.

AIMS: We investigated the potential mechanisms underlying the therapeutic efficacy of electroacupuncture (EA) at the Shuigou (GV26) and Baihui (GV20) acupoints in the treatment of ischemic stroke. METHODS: We assessed the therapeutic effects of EA on MCAO mice through behavioral studies and TTC staining. Various techniques, such as RT-PCR, immunofluorescence, and Western blots, were employed to evaluate the activation and polarization of microglia/macrophages, and changes in the TRPV4 ion channel. We used the TRPV4 antagonist GSK2193874 (GSK219) to verify the involvement of TRPV4 in the therapeutic effects of EA. RESULTS: EA effectively improved neurological impairments and reduced cerebral infarction volume in MCAO mice. It suppressed activated microglia/macrophages and inhibited their polarization toward the M1 phenotype post-MCAO. EA also downregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including Tnf-α, Il-6, Il-1ß, and Ccl-2 mRNA. Furthermore, EA reduced the elevated expression of TRPV4 following MCAO. Treatment with the TRPV4 antagonist GSK219 mirrored the effects of EA in MCAO mice. Notably, the combination of EA and GSK219 did not demonstrate an additive or synergistic effect. CONCLUSION: EA may inhibit neuroinflammation and exhibit a protective effect against ischemic brain injury by suppressing TRPV4 and the subsequent M1 polarization of microglia/macrophages.

[Cloning and functional analysis of flavanone synthase â ¡ from Dendrobium huoshanense].

Flavonoid C-glycosides are a class of natural products that are widely involved in plant defense responses and have diverse pharmacological activities. They are also important active ingredients of Dendrobium huoshanense. Flavanone synthase Ⅱ has been proven to be a key enzyme in the synthesis pathway of flavonoid C-glycosides in plants, and their catalytic product 2-hydroxyflavanone is the precursor compound for the synthesis of various reported flavonoid C-glycosides. In this study, based on the reported amino acid sequence of flavanone synthase Ⅱ, a flavanone synthase Ⅱ gene(DhuFNSⅡ) was screened and verified from the constructed D. huoshanense genome localization database. Functional validation of the enzyme showed that it could in vitro catalyze naringenin and pinocembrin to produce apigenin and chrysin, respectively. The open reading frame(ORF) of DhuFNSⅡ was 1 644 bp in length, encoding 547 amino acids. Subcellular localization showed that the protein was localized on the endoplasmic reticulum. RT-qPCR results showed that DhuFNSⅡ had the highest expression in stems, followed by leaves and roots. The expression levels of DhuFNSⅡ and other target genes in various tissues of D. huoshanense were significantly up-regulated after four kinds of abiotic stresses commonly encountered in the growth process, but the extent of up-regulation varied among treatment groups, with drought and cold stress having more significant effects on gene expression levels. Through the identification and functional analysis of DhuFNSⅡ, this study is expected to contribute to the elucidation of the molecular mechanism of the formation of quality metabolites of D. huoshanense, flavonoid C-glycosides, and provide a reference for its quality formation and scientific cultivation.

Changes in Concentrations of Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Human Milk Over Lactation Time and Effects of Maternal Exposure via Analysis of Matched Samples.

Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are potentially related to many adverse health outcomes and could be transferred from maternal blood to human milk, which is an important exposure source for infants during a long-term period. In this study, the maternal blood of 76 women after delivery and their matched human milk samples obtained at 0.5, 1, and 3 months were analyzed by solid-phase extraction method with metal-organic framework/polymer hybrid nanofibers as the sorbents and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-negative electrospray ionization mass spectrometric for quantitative analysis of 31 PFAS. The perfluorooctanoic acid, perfluorooctane sulfonate, and N-methyl perfluorooctane sulfonamido acetic acid (N-MeFOSAA) contributed to more than approximately 50% of the total PFAS concentrations in blood and human milk, while N-MeFOSAA (median: 0.274 ng/mL) was the highest PFAS in human milk at 3 months. The transfer efficiencies for PFAS from maternal blood to human milk at 0.5 months were generally lower, with medians ranging from 0.20% to 16.9%. The number of PFAS species detected in human milk increased as the lactation time went on from 0.5 to 3 months, and the concentrations of 10 PFAS displayed an increasing trend as the prolongation of lactation time (p < 0.05).

Transcription factor PbNAC71 regulates xylem and vessel development to control plant height.

Dwarfism is an important agronomic trait in fruit breeding programs. However, the germplasm resources required to generate dwarf pear (Pyrus spp.) varieties are limited. Moreover, the mechanisms underlying dwarfism remain unclear. In this study, "Yunnan" quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) had a dwarfing effect on "Zaosu" pear. Additionally, the dwarfism-related NAC transcription factor gene PbNAC71 was isolated from pear trees comprising "Zaosu" (scion) grafted onto "Yunnan" quince (rootstock). Transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana and pear OHF-333 (Pyrus communis) plants overexpressing PbNAC71 exhibited dwarfism, with a substantially smaller xylem and vessel area relative to the wild-type controls. Yeast one-hybrid, dual-luciferase, chromatin immunoprecipitation-qPCR, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicated that PbNAC71 downregulates PbWalls are thin 1 expression by binding to NAC-binding elements in its promoter. Yeast two-hybrid assays showed that PbNAC71 interacts with the E3 ubiquitin ligase PbRING finger protein 217 (PbRNF217). Furthermore, PbRNF217 promotes the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of PbNAC71 by the 26S proteasome, thereby regulating plant height as well as xylem and vessel development. Our findings reveal a mechanism underlying pear dwarfism and expand our understanding of the molecular basis of dwarfism in woody plants.

New-onset syncope in diabetic patients treated with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors versus dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors: a Chinese population-based cohort study.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Syncope is a symptom that poses an important diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, and generates significant cost for the healthcare system. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have demonstrated beneficial cardiovascular effects, but their possible effects on incident syncope have not been fully investigated. This study compared the effects of SGLT2i and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i) on new-onset syncope. METHODS AND RESULTS: This was a retrospective, territory-wide cohort study enrolling type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients treated with SGLT2i or DPP4i between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2020, in Hong Kong, China. The outcomes were hospitalization of new-onset syncope, cardiovascular mortality, and all-cause mortality. Multivariable Cox regression and different approaches using the propensity score were applied to evaluate the association between SGLT2i and DPP4i with incident syncope and mortality. After matching, a total of 37 502 patients with T2DM were included (18 751 SGLT2i users vs. 18 751 DPP4i users). During a median follow-up of 5.56 years, 907 patients were hospitalized for new-onset syncope (2.41%), and 2346 patients died from any cause (6.26%), among which 471 deaths (1.26%) were associated with cardiovascular causes. Compared with DPP4i users, SGLT2i therapy was associated with a 51% lower risk of new-onset syncope [HR 0.49; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.41-0.57; P < 0.001], 65% lower risk of cardiovascular mortality (HR 0.35; 95% CI 0.26-0.46; P < 0.001), and a 70% lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR 0.30; 95% CI 0.26-0.34; P < 0.001) in the fully adjusted model. Similar associations with syncope were observed for dapagliflozin (HR 0.70; 95% CI 0.58-0.85; P < 0.001), canagliflozin (HR 0.48; 95% CI 0.36-0.63; P < 0.001), and ertugliflozin (HR 0.45; 95% CI 0.30-0.68; P < 0.001), but were attenuated for empagliflozin (HR 0.79; 95% CI 0.59-1.05; P = 0.100) after adjusting for potential confounders. The subgroup analyses suggested that, compared with DPP4i, SGLT2i was associated with a significantly decreased risk of incident syncope among T2DM patients, regardless of gender, age, glucose control status, Charlson comorbidity index, and the association remained constant amongst those with common cardiovascular drugs and most antidiabetic drugs at baseline. CONCLUSION: Compared with DPP4i, SGLT2i was associated with a significantly lower risk of new-onset syncope in patients with T2DM, regardless of gender, age, degree of glycaemic control, and comorbidity burden.

Does Child Maltreatment Reduce or Increase Empathy? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Arguments about the associations between child maltreatment and empathy remain controversial. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to estimate the direction and magnitude of the relationships between child abuse and neglect and empathy. Four English databases (Web of Science, PsycInfo, PubMed, and Cochrane Library), three Chinese databases (China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, and Weipu), and grey literature were systematically searched. We extracted data related to the associations between child maltreatment and empathy and pooled them using random effects models. A total of 24 eligible studies involving 22,580 participants and 176 estimates were included in the analyses. Overall, child maltreatment was significantly related to reduced empathy (r_ = -0.15, 95% CI [-0.17, -0.13]). Specifically, the rank-order mean effect size of subtypes of maltreatment on empathy is: emotional neglect (r_ = -0.18, 95% CI [-0.25, -0.12]) > physical neglect (r_ = -0.16, 95% CI [-0.23, -0.09]) > emotional abuse (r_ = -0.15, 95% CI [-0.21, -0.10]) > physical abuse (r_ = -0.12, 95% CI [-0.17, -0.07]) > sexual abuse (r_ = -0.07, 95% CI [-0.14, -0.01]). Furthermore, the meta-regression results suggested that the aggregated associations between child maltreatment and empathy were not inflated by publication bias, but they were moderated by the age of respondents, sample size, publication language, empathy measurement, and maltreatment type. The results indicate that general maltreatment and its subtypes are associated with reduced empathy. Parent training and empathy enhancement programs should be designed to help children with a history of childhood maltreatment, respectively, from an early stage.

Aging and atrial fibrillation: A vicious circle.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the commonest sustained cardiac arrhythmia observed in clinical practice. Its prevalence increases dramatically with advancing age. This review article discusses the recent advances in studies investigating the relationship between aging and AF and the possible underlying mechanisms.

Adjuvant chemotherapy decision-making in stage II colon adenocarcinoma associated with patients' age and high-risk factors.

PURPOSE: To clarify whether the combination of age and high-risk factors (HRFs) was preferable for adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) decision-making in patients with stage II colon adenocarcinoma. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study analyzing eligible colon cancer patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database between 2010 and 2017. A nomogram was used to predict patient prognosis. Decision curve analysis (DCA) predicted model clinical benefit. Restricted cubic spline calculated the optimal cut-off value. RESULTS: A total of 8570 patients with stage II colon adenocarcinoma were included in this study; 25.2% received AC. A nomogram predicting the prognosis of patients with stage II colon adenocarcinoma was constructed with age and HRFs, and scores were assigned to the relevant variables. DCA showed that age combined with HRFs was superior to treatment decision-making based on HRFs alone. Patients were grouped according to their total score with the cut-off value of 100. AC did not significantly improve overall survival (OS) in low-score group (hazard ratios (HRs) 1.01, 95% confidence intervals (CIs) 0.86-1.18, p = 0.918). In high-score group, AC improved 5-year OS by about 7.6% (HR 0.73, 95% CI 0.61-0.88, p = 0.001). And high-score group mainly included patients aged < 50 years with two or more HRFs and patients aged ≥ 50 years with at least one HRF. CONCLUSION: Age and HRFs could be preferable for determining the group of stage II colon adenocarcinoma patients who would benefit from AC. Patients aged < 50 years with two or more HRFs might be a potential benefit population for AC.