Caregiver burden and mental health: Parent perspectives when raising a child with developmental coordination disorder.

BACKGROUND: Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) are at high risk for mental health disorders, stemming from challenges participating in motor activities. Parents of children with DCD report increased caregiver burden exacerbated by insufficient support and services for their child. A paucity of literature exists on parent and child mental health associated with a DCD diagnosis. AIMS: To explore parent perceptions of their child's mental health, and the impact of DCD on family and parental mental health. METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Implementation of a secondary analysis using the impACT for DCD, a cross-sectional online survey of parents of children with self-reported suspected or confirmed diagnosis of DCD living in British Columbia, Canada. Data analysis included descriptive and inferential statistics and content analysis. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: Of the 237 participants, more than one third of parents (36%) rated their own mental health to be fair or poor, and the majority (90%) expressed concern for their child's mental health. Themes emerged on the impact of DCD on child, parent, and family, influenced by access to resources. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Standard of care for DCD needs to include services and supports that address caregiver burden and mental health of children with DCD and their families. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: This paper explores parent perceptions of their child(ren)'s and their own mental health when raising a child with DCD in British Columbia (BC). In BC, there is a lack of research on the mental health challenges families face when their child has a diagnosis of DCD. Amongst health care providers, there tends to be a focus on DCD as a motor disorder, with limited understanding and acknowledgement of the mental health component for children and their families. Thus, this study will inform health-care providers, parents, educators, and policy makers on parent-identified mental health needs and the essential services and supports. Unique to this study was the inclusion of a descriptive and exploratory content analysis, providing a holistic understanding of parents' perceptions regarding the impact of DCD on their children and themselves. Our results revealed that parents perceive significant inter-connected impacts of DCD on the child, parents, and family, leading to poor mental health for parents and their child(ren). Limited access to resources and supports results in a negative trajectory for family mental health and well-being. Study results indicate the critical importance of addressing mental health, in addition to motor challenges. Healthcare providers need to adopt a family-centred approach to address the physical and psychosocial impairments associated with DCD, ensuring positive outcomes for children and their families.

Análisis de políticas de transferencia de tecnología en la cadena productiva del café en Antioquia / Analysis of technology transfer policies in the coffee production chain in Antioquia / Análise de políticas de transferência de tecnologia na cadeia produtiva de café em Antioquia

Resumen Introducción: se analizan las políticas de transferencia de tecnología de la cadena productiva del café mediante simulaciones realizadas por medio de los escenarios de: modo I technology push, modo II Market Pull, modo III Sistémico y el modo IV combinación de modos. Objetivo: analizar las políticas que favorezcan los procesos de transferencia de tecnología en la cadena productiva del café en Antioquia a partir de un modelo de Simulación Basado en Agentes. Materiales y métodos: tras la revisión bibliográfica realizada en fuentes primarias y segundarias se caracterizó la cadena y se clasificaron las políticas que a lo largo de la historia se han implementado a favor de ésta. Resultados: esta clasificación sirvió de insumo junto con el instrumento aplicado a los 256 agentes representativos de la cadena para definir los parámetros del Modelo de simulación Basado en Agentes. Cabe resaltar que al Modelo se le realizó una validación conceptual mediante dos técnicas: el método histórico del racionalismo y la aproximación histórica amigable, y una validación operacional. Conclusiones: después de aplicar varias técnicas de validación y verificación, se encontró que el modelo ayuda al entendimiento del fenómeno de la transferencia de tecnología en la cadena productiva del café, la cual es comprendida como un Sistema de Innovación de carácter localizado. El análisis de las políticas permite recomendar los modos de políticas que permiten la participación de un mayor número de agentes en el proceso de transferencia de tecnología obteniendo un sistema con mayor distribución de las oportunidades de mercado.

Abstract Introduction: the technology transfer policies of the coffee production chain are analyzed through simulations carried out using the following scenarios: I technology push mode, II Market Pull mode, Systemic III mode and IV mode combination modes. Objective: analyze the policies that favor technology transfer processes in the coffee production chain in Antioquia based on an agent-based simulation model. Materials and methods: after the literature review carried out in primary and secondary sources, the chain was characterized and the policies that throughout history have been implemented in favor of it. Results: this classification served as input together with the instrument applied to the 256 representative agents of the chain to define the parameters of the Agent-Based Simulation Model. It should be noted that the Model was given a conceptual validation through two techniques: the historical method of rationalism and the friendly historical approach, and an operational validation. Conclusion: after applying several validation and verification techniques, it was found that the model helps to understand the phenomenon of technology transfer in the coffee production chain, which is understood as a localized Innovation System. Policy analysis makes it possible to recommend policy modes that allow more actors to participate in the technology transfer process by obtaining a system with greater distribution of market opportunities.

Resumo Introdução: analisam-se as políticas de transferência de tecnologia da cadeia produtiva do café mediante simulações realizadas por meio dos cenários de: modo I technology push, modo II Market Pull, modo III Sistêmico e o modo IV combinação de modos. Objectivo: analisar as políticas que favoreçam os processos de transferência de tecnologia na cadeia produtiva do café em Antioquia a partir de um modelo de Simulação Baseado em Agentes. Materiais e métodos: após da revisão bibliográfica realizada em fontes primárias e secundarias caracterizou-se a cadeia e classificaram-se as políticas que ao longo da história se implementaram a favor desta. Resultado: esta classificação serviu de insumo junto com o instrumento aplicado aos 256 agentes representativos da cadeia para definir os parâmetros do Modelo de simulação Baseado em Agentes. Cabe ressaltar que ao Modelo realizou-se uma validação conceitual mediante duas técnicas: o método histórico do racionalismo e a aproximação histórica amigável, e uma validação operacional. Conclusão: Depois de aplicar várias técnicas de validação e verificação, descobriu-se que o modelo ajuda a compreender o fenômeno da transferência de tecnologia na cadeia produtiva do café, que é compreendida como um Sistema de Inovação de caráter localizado. A análise das políticas permite recomendar os modos de políticas que permitem a participação de um maior número de agentes no processo de transferência de tecnologia obtendo um sistema com maior distribuição das oportunidades do mercado.