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1.
Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl ; 22: 101-107, 2023 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37780970

RESUMEN

Over the past 30 years, the gray wolf population has recovered in France, initially to wolves from Italy passing through the Alps. The population is carefully monitored, but little information is available on their helminth fauna, which includes parasites of public health importance: Echinococcus multilocularis and Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato. Capitalizing on the availability of 911 fecal samples collected for the noninvasive genetic monitoring of French wolf populations, along with the intestines from 15 dead wolves, the presence of Echinococcus species among others helminth species was evaluated in French wolves. A copro-PCR approach amplifying a large spectrum of parasites was used for fecal samples while intestines were analyzed using SCT. The fecal occurrences of E. granulosus sensu stricto (2.4%) and E. multilocularis (0.3%), and indeedother parasitic species, are similar to those of other European wolf populations including Taenia hydatigena (7.2%), Taenia krabbei (2.4%), Uncinaria stenocephala (2.4%), Mesocestoides litteratus (1.9%), Taenia ovis (0.3%), Taenia multiceps (0.1%), and Toxascaris leonina (0.1%). The three most abundant species were also found in the intestines. Infections by E. granulosus sensu stricto are in accordance with the overlap of wolf pack areas and sheep breeding pastoral units. However, the wolf does not appear to play a significant role in the lifecycle of E. granulosus sensu stricto. The availability of this opportunistic fecal sampling of wolves in southeastern France means that they can be used as sentinels for the surveillance of E. multilocularis in the context of its southward expansion observed in recent years.

2.
Parasite ; 30: 11, 2023.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37010452

RESUMEN

Domestic and wild felids are considered suitable hosts for the parasitic mite Sarcoptes scabiei, and sarcoptic mange is reported in several felid species in the scientific literature. However, the historic classification of Sarcoptes mites into host-specific varieties does not include S. scabiei var. felis. It is unclear whether sarcoptic mange transmission in felids involves canids, other sympatric species, or exclusively felids. This study aimed to characterize the genetic structure of S. scabiei mites from domestic cats (Felis catus) and Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx carpathicus), comparing them with Sarcoptes mites from sympatric domestic and wild carnivores. Ten Sarcoptes microsatellite markers were used to genotype 81 mites obtained from skin scrapings of 36 carnivores: 4 domestic cats, one dog (Canis lupus familiaris), 4 Eurasian lynx, 23 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), and 4 grey wolves (Canis lupus lupus) from either Italy, Switzerland or France. Two genetic clusters of S. scabiei with a geographical distribution pattern were detected: mites from cats originating from Central Italy clustered with those from sympatric wolves. In contrast, all the other mites from Switzerland, France and Northern Italy clustered together. These results strengthen the previously advanced hypothesis that genetic variants of S. scabiei have a predominant geographic-related distribution with cryptic transmission patterns. These patterns may rely on the interactions between different hosts living in the same ecological niche rather than a simple infection among hosts belonging to the same taxon, reinforcing the idea that the S. scabiei historic classification into "var" might have little ongoing relevance.


Title: La gale sarcoptique chez les félidés : Sarcoptes scabiei var. felis existe-t-il ? Première étude moléculaire. Abstract: Les félidés domestiques et sauvages sont considérés comme des hôtes appropriés pour l'acarien parasite Sarcoptes scabiei, et la gale sarcoptique est signalée chez plusieurs espèces de félidés dans la littérature scientifique. Cependant, la classification traditionnelle des acariens du genre Sarcoptes en variétés spécifiques à l'hôte n'inclut pas S. scabiei var. felis. On ne sait pas si la transmission de la gale sarcoptique chez les félidés implique des canidés, d'autres espèces sympatriques ou exclusivement des félidés. Cette étude visait à caractériser la structure génétique des acariens S. scabiei des chats domestiques (Felis catus) et du lynx eurasien (Lynx lynx carpathicus), en les comparant aux Sarcoptes des carnivores domestiques et sauvages sympatriques. Dix marqueurs microsatellites de Sarcoptes ont été utilisés pour génotyper 81 acariens issus de grattages cutanés de 36 carnivores : 4 chats domestiques, un chien (Canis lupus familiaris), 4 lynx eurasiens, 23 renards roux (Vulpes vulpes) et 4 loups gris (Canis lupus lupus) d'Italie, de Suisse ou de France. Deux groupes génétiques de S. scabiei, qui suivent un modèle de distribution géographique, ont été détectés. Les acariens des chats originaires du centre de l'Italie se regroupent avec ceux des loups sympatriques. En revanche, tous les autres acariens de Suisse, de France et d'Italie du Nord sont groupés ensemble. Ces résultats renforcent l'hypothèse précédemment avancée selon laquelle les variants génétiques de S. scabiei ont une distribution géographique prédominante avec des schémas de transmission cryptiques. Ces modèles peuvent reposer sur les interactions entre différents hôtes vivant dans la même niche écologique plutôt que sur une simple transmission parmi des hôtes appartenant au même taxon, renforçant l'idée que la classification historique de S. scabiei en "var" a peu de pertinence.


Asunto(s)
Carnívoros , Felidae , Felis , Lynx , Escabiosis , Lobos , Animales , Perros , Gatos , Escabiosis/epidemiología , Escabiosis/veterinaria , Escabiosis/parasitología , Sarcoptes scabiei/genética , Zorros/parasitología
3.
Rev Med Suisse ; 18(775): 596-603, 2022 Mar 30.
Artículo en Francés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35353455

RESUMEN

Pregnancy has a substantial impact on the hormonal status of the organism, consequently influencing the physiology of the skin. This results in dermatoses that only occur during pregnancy, which can also improve or exacerbate pre-existing dermatoses. In this article, we explain the management of pregnancy-specific dermatoses : atopic eruption of pregnancy, polymorphic eruption of pregnancy, pemphigoid gestationis, impetigo herpetiformis, and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. It is essential to clearly distinguish these different dermatoses as some of them, such as pemphigoid gestationis, impetigo herpetiformis and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, can have fetal consequences and as result, need to be closely monitored by the obstetricians.


La grossesse a un impact considérable sur le statut hormonal de l'organisme, influençant ainsi la physiologie cutanée. Cela se traduit par des dermatoses qui ne se manifestent que pendant la grossesse. Cette dernière peut également améliorer ou exacerber des dermatoses préexistantes. Dans cet article, nous précisons la prise en charge des dermatoses spécifiques de la grossesse : l'eczéma atopique de la grossesse, l'éruption polymorphe gravidique, la pemphigoïde gestationnelle, l'impétigo herpétiforme et la cholestase intrahépatique gravidique. Il est important de distinguer ces dermatoses, puisque la pemphigoïde gestationnelle, l'impétigo herpétiforme et la cholestase intrahépatique gravidique présentent un risque fœtal et par conséquence nécessitent un suivi obstétrical rapproché.


Asunto(s)
Colestasis Intrahepática , Penfigoide Gestacional , Complicaciones del Embarazo , Enfermedades de la Piel , Colestasis Intrahepática/diagnóstico , Colestasis Intrahepática/terapia , Femenino , Humanos , Penfigoide Gestacional/diagnóstico , Penfigoide Gestacional/terapia , Embarazo , Complicaciones del Embarazo/diagnóstico , Complicaciones del Embarazo/terapia , Piel , Enfermedades de la Piel/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de la Piel/etiología , Enfermedades de la Piel/terapia
4.
Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol ; 266: 77-82, 2021 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34600188

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We aimed to examine epidemiological data and identify risk factors for sexual assault. This study included women seeking care at the Geneva University Hospitals emergency obstetrics and gynaecological unit. METHOD: Retrospective, sociodemographic, and clinical data were collected from the medical reports. RESULTS: We reviewed 836 medical charts and registered 92.8 women and girls per year who consulted the emergency department after sexual assault. The average age was 26 (±12) years, with a median of 23 years. Body lesions were reported in 525 patients (63%) and genital traumatic lesions were reported in 230 (28%) patients. Sexual assault by a stranger was reported in 436 cases (52%). Thirty percent of patients knew their aggressor. Aggressions were predominantly committed on the weekend, accounting for 367 cases (46%), with nearly two-thirds (65%, n = 474) occurring between 10 pm and 6 am. In total, 399 (48%) patients who were sexually assaulted reported having consumed alcohol and 102 (12%) reported having taken drugs prior to the aggression; 80 (10%) patients had consumed both and 286 (34%) had amnesia. Half of the sample sought and received medical care within 24 h from the time the aggression took place. CONCLUSION: Sexual assault risk factors in our study population in Geneva included use of drugs and alcohol, with amnesia. Future prevention and education interventions should target these areas.


Asunto(s)
Delitos Sexuales , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Embarazo , Derivación y Consulta , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Conducta Sexual
5.
Viruses ; 11(10)2019 09 27.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31569721

RESUMEN

Bluetongue virus (BTV) is a Culicoides-borne pathogen infecting both domestic and wild ruminants. In Europe, the Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) (RD) is considered a potential BTV reservoir, but persistent sylvatic cycle has not yet been demonstrated. In this paper, we explored the dynamics of BTV1 and BTV8 serotypes in the RD in France, and the potential role of that species in the re-emergence of BTV8 in livestock by 2015 (i.e., 5 years after the former last domestic cases). We performed 8 years of longitudinal monitoring (2008-2015) among 15 RD populations and 3065 individuals. We compared Culicoides communities and feeding habits within domestic and wild animal environments (51,380 samples). Culicoides diversity (>30 species) varied between them, but bridge-species able to feed on both wild and domestic hosts were abundant in both situations. Despite the presence of competent vectors in natural environments, BTV1 and BTV8 strains never spread in RD along the green corridors out of the domestic outbreak range. Decreasing antibody trends with no PCR results two years after the last domestic outbreak suggests that seropositive young RD were not recently infected but carried maternal antibodies. We conclude that RD did not play a role in spreading or maintaining BTV in France.


Asunto(s)
Animales Salvajes/virología , Virus de la Lengua Azul/fisiología , Ceratopogonidae/virología , Ciervos/virología , Reservorios de Enfermedades/virología , Animales , Animales Domésticos/virología , Anticuerpos Neutralizantes , Anticuerpos Antivirales , Lengua Azul/epidemiología , Lengua Azul/transmisión , Lengua Azul/virología , Virus de la Lengua Azul/inmunología , Ceratopogonidae/clasificación , Brotes de Enfermedades , Femenino , Francia/epidemiología , Ganado/virología , Masculino , Rumiantes/virología , Enfermedades Transmitidas por Vectores/virología
6.
J Forensic Sci ; 64(4): 1119-1124, 2019 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30556905

RESUMEN

In Geneva, examination of victims of sexual assault is performed by a gynecologist and a medical examiner. 48% of the victims file a complaint and we wanted to investigate the factors leading to file a complaint, those leading the Prosecutor to go to trial, and those influencing a conviction. Between 2006 and 2012, 676 victims of sexual assault were investigated (averaged age 26 year, mean 22). Information on injuries, perpetrators, and circumstances of the assault was collected and analyzed. The attacker being the ex-spouse or a friend and the presence of semen were factors leading to file a complaint. The assailant being a family member or ex-spouse and the presence of genital/anal lesions were factors influencing the Prosecutor. The presence of nongenital lesions, the assailant being known by the victim, influenced conviction. This study shows that the medical examiner plays a vital role in the investigation of cases of sexual assault.


Asunto(s)
Víctimas de Crimen/legislación & jurisprudencia , Víctimas de Crimen/estadística & datos numéricos , Delitos Sexuales/legislación & jurisprudencia , Delitos Sexuales/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto , Médicos Forenses , Recolección de Datos , Femenino , Ginecología , Humanos , Masculino , Médicos , Semen , Suiza/epidemiología , Armas/estadística & datos numéricos , Heridas y Lesiones/epidemiología , Adulto Joven
7.
BMC Vet Res ; 13(1): 67, 2017 Mar 04.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28259139

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Infectious keratoconjunctivitis (IKC) is an ocular infectious disease caused by Mycoplasma conjunctivae which affects small domestic and wild mountain ruminants. Domestic sheep maintain the pathogen but the detection of healthy carriers in wildlife has raised the question as to whether M. conjunctivae may also persist in the wild. Furthermore, the factors shaping the dynamics of IKC outbreaks in wildlife have remained largely unknown. The aims of this study were (1) to verify the etiological role of M. conjunctivae in IKC outbreaks recorded between 2002 and 2010 at four study sites in different regions of France (Pyrenees and Alps, samples from 159 Alpine ibex Capra ibex, Alpine chamois Rupicapra rupicapra and Pyrenean chamois Rupicapra pyrenaica); (2) to establish whether there existed any epidemiological links between the different regions through a cluster analysis of the detected strains (from 80 out of the 159 animals tested); (3) to explore selected pathogen, host and environmental factors potentially influencing the dynamics of IKC in wildlife, by joining results obtained by molecular analyses and by field observations (16,609 animal observations). All of the samples were tested for M. conjunctivae by qPCR, and cluster analysis was based on a highly variable part of the lppS gene. RESULTS: We documented infections with M. conjunctivae in epidemic and endemic situations, both in symptomatic and asymptomatic animals. The identified M. conjunctivae strains were site-specific and persisted in the local wild population for at least 6 years. In epidemic situations, peaks of cases and disease resurgence were associated with the emergence of new similar strains in a given area. Social interactions, seasonal movements and the landscape structure such as natural and anthropogenic barriers influenced the spatio-temporal spread of IKC. Adults were more affected than young animals and host susceptibility differed depending on the involved strain. CONCLUSION: Our study indicates that IKC is a multifactorial disease and that M. conjunctivae can persist in wildlife populations. The disease course in individual animals and populations is influenced by both host and mycoplasma characteristics, and the disease spread within and among populations is shaped by host behavior and landscape structure.


Asunto(s)
Animales Salvajes , Brotes de Enfermedades/veterinaria , Enfermedades de las Cabras/patología , Queratoconjuntivitis Infecciosa/patología , Envejecimiento , Animales , Femenino , Francia/epidemiología , Enfermedades de las Cabras/epidemiología , Cabras , Queratoconjuntivitis Infecciosa/diagnóstico , Queratoconjuntivitis Infecciosa/epidemiología , Masculino , Factores de Tiempo
8.
Ecology ; 97(1): 205-14, 2016 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27008789

RESUMEN

The fitness costs of reproduction can be masked by individual differences, and may only become apparent during adverse environmental conditions. Individual differences, however, are usually assessed by reproductive success, so how fitness costs are influenced by the interplay between the environmental context and overall individual differences requires further investigation. Here, we evaluated fitness costs of reproduction based on 15 yr of monitoring of individual Alpine ibex (Capra ibex) during a period when the population was affected by a severe disease outbreak (pneumonia). We quantified fitness costs using a novel multi-event capture-mark-recapture (CMR) modeling approach that accounted for uncertainty in reproductive status to estimate the survival and reproductive success of female ibex while also accounting for overall individual heterogeneity using mixture models. Our results show that the ability of females to reproduce was highly heterogeneous. In particular, one group including 76% of females had a much higher probability of giving birth annually (between 0.66 and 0.77, depending on the previous reproductive status) than females of the second group (24% of females, between 0 and 0.05 probability of giving birth annually). Low reproductive costs in terms of future reproduction occurred and were independent of the pneumonia outbreak. There was no survival cost of reproduction either before or after the epizootic, but the cost was high during the epizootic. Our findings indicate that adverse environmental conditions, such as disease outbreaks, may lead to survival costs of reproduction in long-lived species and select against females that have a high reproductive effort. Thereby, the occurrence of adverse conditions increases the diversity of reproductive tactics within a population.


Asunto(s)
Aptitud Genética/fisiología , Cabras/genética , Cabras/fisiología , Reproducción/fisiología , Animales , Brotes de Enfermedades/veterinaria , Femenino , Francia , Neumonía/epidemiología , Neumonía/veterinaria
9.
Rev Med Suisse ; 12(536): 1800-1804, 2016 Oct 26.
Artículo en Francés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28692230

RESUMEN

Laparoscopic simulation has rapidly become an important tool for learning and acquiring technical skills in surgery. It is based on two different complementary pedagogic tools : the box model trainer and the virtual reality simulator. The virtual reality simulator has shown its efficiency by improving surgical skills, decreasing operating time, improving economy of movements and improving self-confidence. The main objective of this tool is the opportunity to easily organize a regular, structured and uniformed training program enabling an automated individualized feedback.


La simulation en laparoscopie est un moyen d'apprentissage et d'acquisition des gestes techniques chirurgicaux en plein essor. Elle s'appuie essentiellement sur deux outils pédagogiques complémentaires : le pelvi-trainer et la simulation virtuelle. Le simulateur virtuel a démontré son efficacité dans l'amélioration de l'habileté chirurgicale, la diminution du temps opératoire, l'amélioration dans l'économie des mouvements et l'augmentation de la confiance en soi. Il a pour principal intérêt la possibilité de mettre en place facilement un programme d'entraînement régulier, structuré et uniformisé permettant une auto-évaluation de l'interne.


Asunto(s)
Ginecología/educación , Laparoscopía/educación , Entrenamiento Simulado , Competencia Clínica , Humanos , Tempo Operativo , Realidad Virtual
10.
J Low Genit Tract Dis ; 19(4): 295-300, 2015 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26247260

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to evaluate the feasibility and performance of smartphone digital images for the detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia of grade 2 or worse (CIN2+) as an adjunct to a conventional visual inspection approach with acetic acid (VIA) and Lugol's iodine (VILI), in comparison with detection by histopathologic examination. METHODS: Three hundred women were primarily screened for human papillomavirus (HPV) using self-collected vaginal specimens. Human papillomavirus-positive women were then invited for VIA and VILI, which were interpreted as (i) nonpathological, (ii) pathological or, (iii) inconclusive. Cervical smearing, endocervical brushing, and cervical biopsies were performed. Digital images of the cervix were taken with a smartphone and evaluated offsite by experienced health care providers. Sensitivity and specificity for CIN2+ were compared between on-site and off-site observers, using histopathological diagnosis as the criterion standard. RESULTS: Eighty-eight HPV-positive women were screened for cervical cancer. Overall, 7 cases of CIN2+ (8.0%) were diagnosed using biopsy specimens. The on-site physician obtained a sensitivity of 28.6% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 3.7-71) and a specificity of 87.2% (95% CI, 77.7- 93.7). The off-site physicians obtained a sensitivity ranging between 42.9% (95% CI, 9.9-81.6; p = 1) and 85.7% (95% CI, 42.1-99.6; p = .13) and a specificity between 48.1% (95% CI, 36.5- 59.7; p < .001) and 79.2% (95% CI, 68.5-87.6; p = .10). Comparison between observers did not reach significance. Observers assessed 95.6% of all images as very good or acceptable for interpretation purpose. CONCLUSION: Smartphone images may be a useful adjunct to conventional VIA and VILI for the detection of CIN2+ and improve cervical cancer screening in low-resource settings.


Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma in Situ/diagnóstico , Detección Precoz del Cáncer/métodos , Fotograbar , Teléfono Inteligente , Coloración y Etiquetado/métodos , Telemedicina/métodos , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/diagnóstico , Adenocarcinoma in Situ/patología , Adulto , Anciano , Estudios Transversales , Países en Desarrollo , Femenino , Histocitoquímica , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/patología
11.
PLoS One ; 10(7): e0134309, 2015.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26222772

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Visual inspection of the cervix after application of 5% acetic acid (VIA) is a screening technique for cervical cancer used widely in low and middle-income countries (LMIC). To improve VIA screening performance, digital images after acid acetic application (D-VIA) are taken. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of a smartphone for on- and off-site D-VIA diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Women aged 30-65 years, living in the city of Ambanja, Madagascar, were recruited through a cervical cancer screening campaign. Each performed a human papillomavirus (HPV) self-sample as a primary screen. Women testing positive for HPV were referred for VIA followed by D-VIA, cervical biopsy and endocervical curettage according to routine protocol. In addition, the same day, the D-VIA was emailed to a tertiary care center for immediate assessment. Results were scored as either D-VIA normal or D-VIA abnormal, requiring immediate therapy or referral to a tertiary center. Each of the three off-site physicians were blinded to the result reported by the one on-site physician and each gave their individual assessment followed by a consensus diagnosis. Statistical analyses were conducted using STATA software. RESULTS: Of the 332 women recruited, 137 (41.2%) were HPV-positive and recalled for VIA triage; compliance with this invitation was 69.3% (n = 95). Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia was detected in 17.7% and 21.7% of digital images by on-site and off-site physicians, respectively. The on-site physician had a sensitivity of 66.7% (95%CI: 30.0-90.3) and a specificity of 85.7% (95%CI: 76.7-91.6); the off-site physician consensus sensitivity was 66.7% (95%CI: 30.0-90.3) with a specificity of 82.3% (95%CI: 72.4-89.1). CONCLUSION: This pilot study supports the use of telemedicine for off-site diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, with diagnostic performance similar to those achieved on-site. Further studies need to determine if smartphones can improve cervical cancer screening efficiency in LMIC.


Asunto(s)
Detección Precoz del Cáncer/instrumentación , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/diagnóstico , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/patología , Ácido Acético/administración & dosificación , Adulto , Biopsia/métodos , Cuello del Útero/patología , Cuello del Útero/virología , Colposcopía/métodos , Detección Precoz del Cáncer/métodos , Femenino , Humanos , Madagascar , Tamizaje Masivo/instrumentación , Tamizaje Masivo/métodos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Papillomaviridae/patogenicidad , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/patología , Proyectos Piloto , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Teléfono Inteligente , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/virología , Frotis Vaginal/métodos , Displasia del Cuello del Útero/diagnóstico , Displasia del Cuello del Útero/patología , Displasia del Cuello del Útero/virología
12.
Vet Microbiol ; 175(2-4): 341-8, 2015 Feb 25.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25532780

RESUMEN

In alpine pasture, interspecies transmission has recently been incriminated in the epidemiology of pestivirus infection. The aim of this study was to investigate pestivirus infections in wild and domestic ruminants sharing pastures in the French Southern Alps. Animal sera were screened for pestivirus antibodies against the pestivirus NS3 protein by a commercial blocking enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All 38 domestic herds tested were positive for pestivirus-specific antibodies. Individual sero-prevalence reached 76.5% (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: [74.2-78.8%]) of the 1383 sheep tested. For wild ruminants, 38.7% (95% CI: [33.8-43.9%]) of the 369 chamois tested, 28.7% (95% CI: [17.4-38.1%]) of the 72 roe deer, and 22.2% (95% CI: [6.5-37.9%]) of the 27 mouflons were seropositive. Virus screening was carried out on spleen samples from hunted wild animals (n=160) and from 15 domestic ruminants (clinically suspected to be persistently infected animals), by a conventional reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Three pestivirus strains were isolated from the sheep samples positive by RT-PCR. The viruses were classified in the BDV-3, BDV-Tunisian and BDV-6 genotypes. For the first time, one strain (RUPI-05 strain) was isolated from an alpine chamois and clustered in the BDV-6 genotype, showing in the 5'-UTR region 92% of identity with the ovine isolate from the same area. Thus, an active circulation of pestiviruses was demonstrated in both wild and domestic ungulates from the French Southern Alps. The results suggest that interspecies transmission between sheep and chamois probably occur.


Asunto(s)
Animales Domésticos , Animales Salvajes , Infecciones por Pestivirus/veterinaria , Pestivirus/clasificación , Rumiantes , Animales , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática/veterinaria , Francia/epidemiología , Infecciones por Pestivirus/epidemiología , Infecciones por Pestivirus/transmisión , Prevalencia
13.
Vet Microbiol ; 147(3-4): 320-8, 2011 Jan 27.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20709472

RESUMEN

Inter-species transmission is often incriminated in the epidemiology of Pestivirus diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Pestivirus in some mountain wild ungulates and to determine their role in Pestivirus transmission, as mountain pastures are a place where cohabitations between wild and domestic ungulates are particularly high. Between 2003 and 2007, a longitudinal epidemiological study was carried out on hunted ungulates in the French Hautes-Alpes department. Pestivirus-specific antibodies against p80 protein (also named NS3) common to all Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) and Border Disease Virus (BDV) were found in 45.9% (95% confidence interval [CI95%]: 40.5-51.3%) of the 343 tested chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra). In addition, mouflons (Ovis gmelinii musimon) were shown for the first time to be strongly infected (61.1%; CI95%: 38.6-83.6) by a Pestivirus. These serological ELISA results were confirmed by comparative virus neutralization tests, performed on seven Pestivirus strains by using 15 seropositive samples. The highest antibody titers were directed against 2 BDV strains (Av and 33s strains), rather than BDV-4, a strain responsible for Pyrenean-chamois epizooties. Virus neutralization tests confirm a BDV circulation in wild ungulates in the French South Alps. However, no Pestivirus RNA was detected by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in serum and spleen samples from seronegative animals and no virus was isolated from those samples either. Efforts should be made to improve the protocol in order to be able to isolate and characterize the local strain. Finally, the oldness (age) and femaleness (gender) increase the risk of seroconversion in chamois.


Asunto(s)
Animales Salvajes , Infecciones por Pestivirus/veterinaria , Rumiantes , Factores de Edad , Animales , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática/veterinaria , Femenino , Francia/epidemiología , Masculino , Pruebas de Neutralización/veterinaria , Pestivirus/genética , Pestivirus/inmunología , Pestivirus/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Pestivirus/epidemiología , Infecciones por Pestivirus/transmisión , Factores de Riesgo , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos
14.
IEEE Trans Biomed Eng ; 56(2): 513-7, 2009 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19272945

RESUMEN

The aim of this project is to improve the detection of coronary occlusions using an approach based on the recording and analysis of isolated diastolic heart sounds associated with turbulent blood flow in occluded coronary arteries. The nonlinear dynamic analysis method based on approximate entropy has been proposed for the analysis of diastolic heart sounds. A commercially available electronic stethoscope was used to record the diastolic heart sounds from patients diagnosed with or without coronary artery disease (CAD) based on their coronary angiography examination. The nonlinear dynamical analysis (approximate entropy) measures of the diastolic heart sounds recorded from 30 patients with coronary occlusions and ten normal subjects were estimated. Results suggest the presence of the high nonlinear (approximate entropy) values of diastolic heart sounds associated with CAD (p < 0.05). This approach led to a sensitivity of 77%, a specificity of 80%, and an overall accuracy of 78%. As a summary, 23 out of 30 abnormal patients and eight out of ten normal patients were correctly detected.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/diagnóstico , Oclusión Coronaria/fisiopatología , Vasos Coronarios/fisiopatología , Auscultación Cardíaca/instrumentación , Soplos Cardíacos/fisiopatología , Errores Diagnósticos , Electrónica Médica/instrumentación , Humanos , Dinámicas no Lineales , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Estetoscopios
15.
J Gen Virol ; 89(Pt 6): 1478-1484, 2008 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18474564

RESUMEN

Small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV) are widespread amongst domesticated goats and sheep worldwide, but have not been clearly identified in wild small ruminants, where they might constitute an animal health risk through contamination from local domesticates. SRLV proviruses from three ibexes from the French Alps are described and sequences from their gag gene and long terminal repeats (LTRs) were compared with sequences from local goats and goat/ibex hybrids. The ibex and hybrid proviruses formed a closely related group with <2 % nucleotide difference. Their LTRs were clearly distinct from those of local goats or reference SRLV sequences; however, their gag sequences resembled those from one local goat and reference sequences from caprine arthritis encephalitis virus rather than visna/maedi virus. One SRLV-positive ibex from a distant site shared similarities with the other ibexes studied in both its gag and LTR sequences, suggesting that a distinct SRLV population could circulate in some wild ibex populations.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de las Cabras/virología , Infecciones por Lentivirus/veterinaria , Lentivirus/genética , Provirus/genética , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Animales Salvajes/virología , Femenino , Francia , Productos del Gen gag/genética , Cabras/virología , Lentivirus/clasificación , Lentivirus/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Lentivirus/virología , Masculino , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Provirus/clasificación , Provirus/aislamiento & purificación , Alineación de Secuencia , Especificidad de la Especie , Secuencias Repetidas Terminales/genética
16.
Oecologia ; 155(4): 691-704, 2008 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18189146

RESUMEN

Density-dependent and climatic factors affect reproduction and dynamics of wild ungulates. Parasites can also decrease reproductive success through either a direct abortive effect or a negative impact on host growth and body condition. However, few studies have investigated the effect of parasitism on fecundity of ungulates in natural conditions. We studied three bacterial infections caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Abortusovis, Chlamydophila abortus and Coxiella burnetii. These bacteria are leading causes of reproductive failure in sheep, goat and cattle, which raises the question of their influence on population dynamics of wild ungulates. A long-term study of demography and epidemiology of an alpine chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra, L.) population (Les Bauges Reserve, France) and a generalized linear modeling approach were used to analyze the reproductive success of chamois according to population density, weather conditions and the prevalence of antibodies against the three bacteria in females. This approach enabled us to identify the confounding effect of weather and parasitism on fecundity in a natural population. After accounting for density, the prevalence of antibodies against the three bacteria explained 36% of the annual variation in reproductive success, and weather conditions explained an additional 31%. This study was, to our knowledge, the first to compare the decrease in fecundity due to bacterial infections and weather conditions in a population of wild mountain ungulates.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de las Cabras/fisiopatología , Infecciones por Bacterias Gramnegativas/veterinaria , Reproducción/fisiología , Rupicapra/fisiología , Factores de Edad , Animales , Animales Salvajes/fisiología , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/inmunología , Femenino , Francia/epidemiología , Enfermedades de las Cabras/epidemiología , Enfermedades de las Cabras/microbiología , Cabras , Bacterias Gramnegativas/inmunología , Bacterias Gramnegativas/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Bacterias Gramnegativas/epidemiología , Infecciones por Bacterias Gramnegativas/fisiopatología , Modelos Lineales , Masculino , Densidad de Población , Prevalencia , Tiempo (Meteorología)
17.
FEMS Microbiol Lett ; 280(1): 42-9, 2008 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18179587

RESUMEN

Mannheimia haemolytica and Bibersteinia (Pasteurella) trehalosi are the most common bacterial isolates that cause pulmonary diseases in ruminants worldwide. The disease is determined by specific serotypes found in cattle and small ruminants. The molecular epidemiology of strains involved in disease is important in the control of outbreaks as well as in the preparation of vaccines. This study aimed to detect the instability and variations of bacterial strains that may affect the analysis of epidemic strains, or the stability of vaccinal strains. Eight strains of M. haemolytica belonging to serotypes A1 and A2 and three B. trehalosi strains of the T3 and T4 serotypes were used. Strains were subjected to pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and capsular and phenotypic typing at each round of a total of 50 successive subcultures. Remarkable stability was found in all selected strains of B. trehalosi in contrast to M. haemoltyica, in which strains of both serotypes showed pattern variations produced by PFGE and capsular and phenotypic analysis. Objective criteria for M. haemolytica and B. trehalosi typing are consequently addressed.


Asunto(s)
Cápsulas Bacterianas/genética , Variación Genética , Mannheimia haemolytica/genética , Infecciones por Pasteurella/veterinaria , Pasteurella/genética , Animales , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Electroforesis en Gel de Campo Pulsado , Genotipo , Pruebas de Hemaglutinación , Mannheimia haemolytica/clasificación , Mannheimia haemolytica/crecimiento & desarrollo , Pasteurella/clasificación , Pasteurella/crecimiento & desarrollo , Infecciones por Pasteurella/microbiología , Fenotipo , Serotipificación
18.
J Wildl Dis ; 41(3): 606-10, 2005 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16244072

RESUMEN

A pestivirus was detected and characterized in chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica pyrenaica) originating from the French part of the Pyrenees. Phylogenetic analysis of the pestivirus was done on the basis of a fragment from the 5' noncoding region including 22 published nucleotide sequences of different pestivirus strains. Our strain was grouped within the clade of border disease viruses (BDV). However, it had an intermediate position between clade BDV and classical swine fever viruses representing a basal position to BDV strains of domestic sheep. Our strain was grouped as a sister unit to a novel pestivirus (Chamois-1) recently described from chamois in Spain. Therefore, we postulate that this virus occurs in the entire population of Pyrenean chamois. On the basis of the phylogenetic grouping of this isolate, a postulated cross-species transmission of pestivirus from domestic sheep to chamois via shared pastures seems to be unlikely.


Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Pestivirus/veterinaria , Pestivirus/clasificación , Pestivirus/aislamiento & purificación , Rupicapra , Regiones no Traducidas 5' , Animales , Secuencia de Bases , Femenino , Francia/epidemiología , Masculino , Infecciones por Pestivirus/epidemiología , Infecciones por Pestivirus/transmisión , Filogenia , Especificidad de la Especie
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