A Rare Case of Bladder Perineurioma.

Perineuriomas are benign, rare neoplasms of the nerve sheath, basically in two forms: intraneural and extraneural. Extraneural forms are mainly found in the trunk and limbs, while visceral organs are rarely affected. To date, there have been no previous reports in the literature of bladder perineurioma. In this case, we report a young adult with hematuria and bladder tumor which after surgical resection and immunohistochemical study was confirmed to be a perineurioma. Therefore, this should be included in the differential diagnosis during the analysis of resections of bladder tumors.

Partial Nephrectomy of Transplanted Kidney with Calyceal Fistula.

Kidney transplant is the established treatment for patients with chronic kidney disease but is associated with complications due to the complexity of the procedure. Calyceal fistulas are rare urological complications in transplants caused by arterial occlusion with segmental infarction of the graft. Treatment is based on the extension of the affected area and the clinical status of the patient. For extensive infarctions treated surgically, a total nephrectomy of the transplanted kidney is generally performed. We present a case of a transplanted kidney with polar necrosis and calyceal fistula treated with partial nephrectomy of the affected area, maintaining the graft and preserving kidney function.

Treatment of male genital lymphedema with non-elastic fabric.

Lymphedema is a specific type of edema stemming from a failure in the formation or drainage of lymph. This condition can be congenital or acquired. The clinical treatment of genital lymphedema involves compression mechanisms of the penis. In acquired cases, the individual is born with the lymphatic system intact, but this system is damaged at some point in life, which can lead to lymphatic insufficiency and the development of edema. The non-elastic material for the penis is grosgrain that enable the adjustment to the proper pressure. This report describes a case series of penile lymphedema treated with compression mechanism. Thirteen consecutive patients with penoscrotal lymphedema aged 22 to 56 years (mean: 42.3 years) were treated. Inclusion criteria were patients with primary and secondary penoscrotal lymphedema. Volume larger than three times the normal size of the scrotum was excluded. Reductions in edema occurred in the penis in all patients. Such reductions varied in accordance with the adherence of the patients to the use and duration of compression. The patients used the compression device at times that best fit their schedules. An interesting aspect was the fact that the patients reported the possibility of leaving the penis the size they wished-neither very small nor very large-for sexual activity. All were able to control the size of the edema within the standards they considered acceptable.

Embolization in Patient with Hypovolemic Shock after Transobturator Sling Procedure.

The placement of a suburethral sling is standard treatment for stress urinary incontinence. The transobturator technique (TOT) emerged as an alternative to minimize the risks of the blind insertion of needles, leading to a lower rate of perforation complications compared with the retropubic approach. We present a case of injury to a branch of the left obturator artery following the placement of a urethral sling using TOT, followed by intense bleeding and hemodynamic instability, which was treated with embolization.

Sling de uretra média é o tratamento padrão para a incontinência urinária de esforço. A abordagem transobturatória (TOT) surgiu como alternativa para minimizar os riscos da inserção às cegas das agulhas com taxa de complicações perfurativas menores quando comparadas à abordagem retropúbica. Apresentamos um caso de lesão em ramo da artéria obturatória esquerda após sling TOT que evoluiu com sangramento intenso e instabilidade hemodinâmica, sendo tratado com embolização.

Embolization in patient with hypovolemic shock after transobturator sling procedure / Embolização após sling transobturatório em paciente com choque hipovolêmico

Abstract The placement of a suburethral sling is standard treatment for stress urinary incontinence. The transobturator technique (TOT) emerged as an alternative to minimize the risks of the blind insertion of needles, leading to a lower rate of perforation complications compared with the retropubic approach. We present a case of injury to a branch of the left obturator artery following the placement of a urethral sling using TOT, followed by intense bleeding and hemodynamic instability, which was treated with embolization.

Resumo Sling de uretra média é o tratamento padrão para a incontinência urinária de esforço. A abordagem transobturatória (TOT) surgiu como alternativa para minimizar os riscos da inserção às cegas das agulhas com taxa de complicações perfurativas menores quando comparadas à abordagem retropúbica. Apresentamos um caso de lesão em ramo da artéria obturatória esquerda após sling TOT que evoluiu com sangramento intenso e instabilidade hemodinâmica, sendo tratado com embolização.

Is a differential diagnosis necessary in a patient with ureteritis cystica?

Ureteritis cystica is a rare urological disease with an undefined etiology. Despite the benign behavior, the differential diagnosis should be investigated, as other conditions the cause filling defects in the ureters may occur. We present a rare case of a patient with ureteritis cystica whose differential diagnosis was satisfactory.

Point-of-care quantification of serum cellular fibronectin levels for stratification of ischemic stroke patients.

The abundance of cellular fibronectin (c-Fn) for ischemic stroke patients and the narrow time-window (<4.5 h) for the decision to administer the thrombolytic treatment with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) are challenging for the development of a point-of-care (PoC) diagnostic platform. We report a case of stratification of ischemic stroke patients based on a magnetoresistive biosensor platform that quantifies the c-Fn levels in a small volume of serum, within the clinically relevant time-window. Our PoC platform uses different ratios of biofunctionalized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) as immunoassay labels to adjust the sensitivity within the clinically relevant ranges for c-Fn (1-4 µg/mL). After optimizing the detection range, resolution, and sensitivity, our device was able to stratify ischemic stroke patients who developed hemorrhagic transformation, the main side-effect of rtPA, from those (both non-treated and treated with rtPA) who did not.

Biosensors for On-Farm Diagnosis of Mastitis.

Bovine mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland caused by a multitude of pathogens with devastating consequences for the dairy industry. Global annual losses are estimated to be around €30 bn and are caused by significant milk losses, poor milk quality, culling of chronically infected animals, and occasional deaths. Moreover, mastitis management routinely implies the administration of antibiotics to treat and prevent the disease which poses serious risks regarding the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Conventional diagnostic methods based on somatic cell counts (SCC) and plate-culture techniques are accurate in identifying the disease, the respective infectious agents and antibiotic resistant phenotypes. However, pressure exists to develop less lengthy approaches, capable of providing on-site information concerning the infection, and in this way, guide, and hasten the most adequate treatment. Biosensors are analytical tools that convert the presence of biological compounds into an electric signal. Benefitting from high signal-to-noise ratios and fast response times, when properly tuned, they can detect the presence of specific cells and cell markers with high sensitivity. In combination with microfluidics, they provide the means for development of automated and portable diagnostic devices. Still, while biosensors are growing at a fast pace in human diagnostics, applications for the veterinary market, and specifically, for the diagnosis of mastitis remain limited. This review highlights current approaches for mastitis diagnosis and describes the latest outcomes in biosensors and lab-on-chip devices with the potential to become real alternatives to standard practices. Focus is given to those technologies that, in a near future, will enable for an on-farm diagnosis of mastitis.

Cake kidney drained though a single ureter in a patient with recurring urinary tract infection.

Cake kidney is a rare abnormality of the urinary tract. It is generally asymptomatic but can lead to renal and nonspecific systemic manifestations. This report describes a case of cake kidney drained through a single ureter diagnosed in a female patient with recurring urinary infection.

Incidental finding of retrocaval ureter in a patient without hydronephrosis.

Retrocaval or circuncaval ureters are rare congenital anomaly, in which the ureter is located posterior to the inferior vena cava (IVC). Usually, patients present symptoms in the 3rd or 4th decade of life due to compression of the ureter by the IVC, with obstruction of the urinary flow and consequent hydronephrosis. Herein we report the case of a 62-year-old patient who underwent ultrasonography to investigate abdominal pain. The patient had bilateral renal lithiasis associated with urinary tract dilation with no obvious obstruction. Computed tomography of the abdomen demonstrated a retrocaval ureter without hydronephrosis.

Lab-on-Chip Devices: Gaining Ground Losing Size.

Portable analytical devices are notably gaining relevance in the panorama of urgent testing. Such devices have the potential to play an important role as easy-to-handle tools in critical situations. Epidemic infectious disease agents (e.g., Ebola virus, Coronavirus, Zika virus) could be controlled more easily by testing travelers on-site at the country borders to prevent outbreaks from spreading. The increasing incidence of hospital-acquired infections caused by antibiotic resistant pathogens could be minimized by point-of-care microbial analysis as well as rapid screening tests of bacteria resistance. The threat of bioterrorism using novel unknown bioweapons has never been so high, thus, in-the-field early identification of the biological agent is crucial for triggering a coordinated response. Food allergies are a growing public health concern-allergic reactions can result in anaphylactic shock, which can prove fatal in minutes-thus, the ability to test foods for common allergens, rapidly and locally, before ingestion, would improve food safety for those with allergies. Lab-on-chip devices are becoming widely available for diverse applications and are becoming increasingly affordable. However, to shrink in price and size simultaneously, some trade-offs must be made. In this Perspective, we present considerations about product specifications, design concepts, and application scenarios.

A CMOS Front-End With Integrated Magnetoresistive Sensors for Biomolecular Recognition Detection Applications.

The development of giant magnetoresistive (GMR) sensors has demonstrated significant advantages in nanomedicine, particularly for ultrasensitive point-of-care diagnostics. To this end, the detection system is required to be compact, portable, and low power consuming at the same time that a maximum signal to noise ratio is maintained. This paper reports a CMOS front-end with integrated magnetoresistive sensors for biomolecular recognition detection applications. Based on the characterization of the GMR sensor's signal and noise, CMOS building blocks (i.e., current source, multiplexers, and preamplifier) were designed targeting a negligible noise when compared with the GMR sensor's noise and a low power consumption. The CMOS front-end was fabricated using AMS [Formula: see text] technology and the magnetoresistive sensors were post-fabricated on top of the CMOS chip with high yield ( [Formula: see text]). Due to its low circuit noise (16 [Formula: see text]) and overall equivalent magnetic noise ([Formula: see text]), the full system was able to detect 250 nm magnetic nanoparticles with a circuit imposed signal-to-noise ratio degradation of only -1.4 dB. Furthermore, the low power consumption (6.5 mW) and small dimensions ([Formula: see text] ) of the presented solution guarantees the portability of the detection system allowing its usage at the point-of-care.