Predicting nonsuicidal self-injury and suicidal risk: A comparison between the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition Section II personality disorder and alternative model of personality disorders dimensions.

The clinical relevance of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) has received growing recognition, and NSSI represents a relevant risk factor for suicide. The present study aimed at running a head-to-head comparison between interview scores of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) Section II personality disorders (PDs) criteria, and DSM-5 Alternative Model of Personality Disorder (AMPD) Criterion A and Criterion B measures in providing significant and relevant information for understanding NSSI and suicidal ideation and behavior among psychotherapy participants. To this aim, a clinical sample of 103 adult participants was administered the Clinician-Administered Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Disorder Index (CANDI), the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS), as well as the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Personality Disorders, the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-5 Alternative Model for Personality Disorders Module I, and a self-report measure of dysfunctional personality traits (i.e., the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 [PID-5]). Logistic ordinal regression dominance analysis results showed that, when compared to the 10 DSM-5 Section II PD symptom counts, the DSM-5 Section III PD measure scores provided the same amount of information in the CANDI Global Severity Index scores (Nagelkerke pseudo-R² value = .41), and a markedly larger information quantity in the case of the C-SSRS Suicidal Ideation (+35.1%), and Suicidal Behavior Index (+35.9%) levels. As a whole, our data suggested the clinical usefulness of the DSM-5 AMPD in understanding NSSI and suicidal ideation and behavior. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Are problem buying and problem gambling addictive, impulsive, or compulsive in nature? A network analysis and latent dimension analysis study in Italian community-dwelling adults.

Prominent scholars suggested that the impulsive-obsessive compulsive continuum may represent a framework to understand both substance and behavioral addictions. However, the characterization of pathological buying (PB) and problem gambling (PG) within the compulsive-impulsive spectrum has not been extensively investigated. To explore the relationships among PB, PG, alcohol and substance abuse, DSM-5 obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, and impulsive dimensions, a sample of 1,005 Italian community-dwelling adult participants (55.5% female), was administered self-reported measures of PB, PG, and other theoretically-relevant constructs. We expected to observe a multidimensional structure in our data; moreover, DSM-5 obsessive compulsive and related disorders were hypothesized to be accounted for by a common dimension. Three dimensions were identified and replicated across two different, non-redundant methods (i.e., exploratory graph analysis and exploratory factor analysis), namely, substance use and gambling, obsessive and compulsive phenomena, and impulsivity dimensions. Specifically, PG seemed to represent a behavioral variant of addiction vulnerability, PB seemed more akin to obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders, and disinhibition dimension represented the common core of negative urgency, lack of premeditation, lack of perseverance, sensation seeking (SS), and positive urgency. Our findings may be helpful in improving our knowledge on the similarities and differences between PB and PG.

The joint hierarchical structure of psychopathology and dysfunctional personality domain indicators among community-dwelling adults.

To examine the hierarchical structure of psychopathology and dysfunctional personality domains, 2416 Italian community-dwelling adult volunteers were administered a set of psychometrically sound psychopathology measures and the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 Brief Form+ (PID-5-BF+). Parallel analysis, minimum average partial, and very simple structure results suggested that 1-6 principal components (PCs) should be retained. Goldberg's bass-ackwards model of the joint psychopathology measure and PID-5-BF+ ipsatized domain scale correlation matrix evidenced a hierarchical structure that was consistent with the working model proposed by the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) consortium. Hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis around latent variables of the psychopathology indicators and PID-5-BF+ domain scales recovered four latent dimensions, which were akin to the corresponding bass-ackwards components and nicely reproduced the HiTOP Internalizing, Externalizing, Thought Disorder, and Eating Pathology dimensions.

Post-traumatic disorder symptom severity in the perspective of hierarchical taxonomy of psychopathology spectra and dysfunctional personality domains among trauma-exposed community-dwelling women.

To assess the relationships between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) components, Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) spectra, and dysfunctional personality domains, the Post-Traumatic Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5); the Personality Inventory for DSM-5-Brief Form+ (PID-5BF+); and self-report measures of HiTOP Internalizing, Thought Disorders, and Externalizing spectra were administered to 387 trauma-exposed Italian community-dwelling women. Before structural equation modeling (SEM), measurement components of models were assessed using confirmatory factor analyses. Both taxometric and Gaussian mixture analysis results were consistent with a dimensional representation of the PCL-5 scores. SEM results showed that PTSD components, at least as they were operationalized by the PCL-5 scores, were positively, significantly, and substantially associated with HiTOP Internalizing and Thought Disorder Spectra latent dimensions, as well as with Negative Affectivity, Detachment, and Psychoticism personality domains.

COVID-19 pandemic preventive behaviors and causal beliefs among Italian community dwelling adults.

In an online sample of 1054 Italian community-dwelling adults, we assessed the relationships between the frequency of implementation of practices intended to prevent COVID-19 infection, degree of agreement with theories about the origin of the infections, and the frequency of use of different sources of information concerning the COVID-19 pandemic. The results showed that participants' COVID-19-related preventive behaviors and causal beliefs were significantly associated with selected demographic variables and frequency of use of specific sources of information (e.g. scientific journals vs social media).

A nine-month study on the course of COVID-19 related perceived post-traumatic stress disorder among Italian community-dwelling adults.

The present study aimed to evaluate base rate estimates, course of, and psychopathology and personality risk factors for COVID-19-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in community-dwelling adults during the pandemic. 203 participants from a sample of 811 Italian community-dwelling adults agreed to participate in a nine-month, three-wave (Wave 1: March 2020; Wave 2: June 2020; Wave 3: December 2020) longitudinal study. Participants in the longitudinal study did not differ from the cross-sectional original sample on age, gender, civil status, educational level, occupation, and Italian area of residence. At each wave, participants were administered the PTSD scale of the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ), DSM-5 measures of acute stress, dissociation, depression and anxiety, as well as a maladaptive personality domain measure at Wave 1. Participants were instructed to answer to the ITQ items based only on COVID-19 pandemic and related containment measures. The point prevalence estimates of COVID-19 related PTSD at each wave ranged from 11% to 13%; however, up to roughly 23% of our participants experienced clinically relevant PTSD features during nine months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy. Multiple logistic regression results showed that experiencing internalizing symptoms (i.e., mostly acute stress) and selected personality features (i.e., Negative Affectivity and Psychoticism) at Wave 1 represent risk factors for PTSD symptoms at later waves. These findings extend previous knowledge on COVID-19 related PTSD and support the need for preventive and treatment interventions for PTSD during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The Validity of the World Health Organization Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Report Screening Scale for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition in Adolescence.

Objectives: Short, self-report screening measures for adolescent and adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) would greatly enhance the likelihood of ADHD subjects to be correctly diagnosed and treated. This study aimed at testing the reliability, factor structure, convergent validity, external validity, and diagnostic accuracy of the official Italian translation of the ADHD Self-Report Screening Scale for DSM-5 (ASRS-5) in a sample of community-dwelling adolescents, extending previous data on adult participants to adolescent participants. Methods: Five hundred sixty-four community-dwelling male adolescents (mean age ≅15) were administered the ASRS-5, the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale 18-item and 6-item versions (ASRS-18 and ASRS-6), the Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS), and the Structured Clinician Interview for DSM-5-Clinician Version ADHD Module (SCID-5-CV-ADHD). School performance variables were also collected. Results: The item response theory (IRT) reliability of ASRS-5 was adequate. Dimensionality analyses strongly supported the unidimensional structure of ASRS-5 items; confirmatory factor analysis fit indices supported the adequacy of the one-factor model of ASRS-5. In terms of convergent validity, the ASRS-5 total score was significantly and positively associated with self-report and interview-based ADHD dimensional scores, as well as with school performance variables. Roughly 8.0% of our male adolescents met SCID-5-CV-ADHD criteria for categorical ADHD diagnosis. Ten-fold cross-validated receiver operating curve value was 0.843; precision-recall curve analysis suggests that an ASRS-5 total score >12 may be preferred for screening purposes in adolescence. Conclusions: Our data showed that the ASRS-5 may represent a psychometrically sound self-report instrument to reliably screen for DSM-5 ADHD, extending the range of application of ASRS-5 from adulthood to adolescence, suggesting that the ASRS-5 could be safely used for screening purposes also in community-dwelling adolescents, at least in its official Italian translation.

A longitudinal study on clinically relevant self-reported depression, anxiety and acute stress features among Italian community-dwelling adults during the COVID-19 related lockdown: Evidence of a predictive role for baseline dysfunctional personality dimensions.

BACKGROUND: Although necessary for public health, quarantine has been documented to cause post-traumatic stress symptoms, anxiety, and depression. We designed the present longitudinal study to evaluate the psychological impact of quarantine in Italian community-dwelling adult participants. METHODS: A sample of 304 Italian community-dwelling adult participants (75.7% female; mean age = 35.28 years) was administered self-reported measures of depression, anxiety and acute stress symptoms at the beginning and at the end of the lockdown. Potential predictors of clinically relevant symptoms at the end of the lockdown were assessed. Specifically, data on gender, civil status, education level, occupation, and area of residence, as well as maladaptive personality domains were collected. RESULTS: More than 43% of participants suffered from the early impact of the lockdown; at the end of the lockdown roughly 32% of participants still reported any clinically relevant depression anxiety, and/or acute stress disorder condition. Clinically relevant acute stress reaction at the beginning of lockdown was a particularly important risk factor for experiencing clinically relevant acute stress, depression, and anxiety at the end of the lockdown. Maladaptive personality domains represent non-trivial predictors of participants' self-reports of clinically relevant depression, anxiety, and acute stress conditions at the end of the lockdown. LIMITATIONS: Excess of female participants and the impossibility of evaluating if participants suffered from any internalizing disorder before the COVID-19 quarantine represent major limitations of our study. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest assessment of internalizing disorder symptoms during quarantine may be helpful in identifying people who may benefit from early treatment interventions.

The relationship between obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders and DSM-5 dysfunctional personality domains in a nonclinical sample of Italian women.

To evaluate the usefulness of the DSM-5 maladaptive personality domains in explaining the similarities and differences among four disorders included in the obsessive-compulsive spectrum, 428 Italian community-dwelling women (mean age = 31.96 years, SD = 12.30 years) were administered the Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorder Scales and the Personality Inventory for DSM-5-Short Form as part of an ongoing online survey on women's health. Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes (MIMIC) confirmatory bifactor analysis results showed that the OCSD general factor (i.e., obsessive-compulsive spectrum factor) was positively associated with Negative Affectivity, whereas Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD), Hoarding Disorder (HD), and Skin-Picking Disorder (SPD) specific factors showed significant and substantial differential relationships with dysfunctional personality domains. Specifically, BDD was positively associated with Negative Affectivity, Detachment and Psychoticism domains; HD was associated with high Negative Affectivity and Psychoticism; and SPD was associated with Detachment. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Body Dysmorphic Disorder in the Perspective of the Alternative DSM-5 Model for Personality Disorder: A Study on Italian Community-Dwelling Women.

To evaluate the relationships between body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and Alternative DSM-5 Model for Personality Disorder (AMPD) criterion A and dysfunctional personality trait (i.e., criterion B) measures, 420 Italian community-dwelling women were administered three measures of BDD (i.e., the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Questionnaire, the Body Dysmorphic Disorder-Dimensional Scale, and the Appearance Anxiety Inventory), as well as the Level of Personality Functioning Scale-Brief Form (LPFS-BF) and the Personality Inventory for DSM-5-Short Form (PID-5-SF). The three BDD measures showed substantial convergent validity correlations and could be reliably cumulated to obtain the BDD Cumulative Index (BDDCI). Several significant, nonnegligible correlations were observed between the BDDCI as well as the LPFS-BF scale scores and PID-5-SF personality trait scale scores. Relative importance weight analysis results showed that LPFS-BF scale scores and PID-5-SF trait scale scores were substantial predictors of the BDDCI scores (R = 0.42, f = 0.72). In particular, AMPD criterion A impairment in self-functioning and AMPD criterion B depressivity, anhedonia, perseveration, separation insecurity, and cognitive and perceptual dysregulation were core components of the dysfunctional personality profile associated with BDD.

Dysfunctional personality features, non-scientifically supported causal beliefs, and emotional problems during the first month of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy.

The present study aimed at assessing the impact of demographic characteristics, maladaptive personality traits and causal beliefs about COVID-19 on perceived emotional problems in a sample of Italian community-dwelling adults (N = 1043) in the first month of the social distancing period due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy. Hierarchical logistic regression analysis results showed that dysfunctional personality domains and non-scientifically supported causal beliefs explained all the variance that was originally explained by demographic variables (i.e., age and gender). In particular, negative affectivity and detachment represented relevant risk factors for reduced emotional well-being in our sample. A significant positive association was observed also between emotional problems and supernatural causal beliefs on the COVID-19 infection. Our data supported the importance of considering the impact of quarantine measures on psychological well-being, while suggesting possible risk factors related to individual differences in personality and causal beliefs.

The Inter-Rater Reliability and Validity of the Italian Translation of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Alternative Model for Personality Disorders Module I and Module II: A Preliminary Report on Consecutively Admitted Psychotherapy Outpatients.

To evaluate the reliability and convergent validity of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (SCID-5-AMPD) Module I and Module II, 88 adult psychotherapy participants were administered the Italian translations of the SCID-5-AMPD Module I and Module II, Level of Personality Functioning Scale-Brief Form (LPFS-BF), Level of Personality Functioning Scale-Self Report (LPFS-SF), Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5), Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4+ (PDQ-4+), and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Personality Disorders (SCID-5-PD) relying on a Williams crossover design. SCID-5-AMPD Module I and Module II showed excellent inter-rater reliability. In terms of convergent validity, meaningful associations were observed between SCID-5-AMPD Module I scores and self-report measures of Criterion A; similarly, SCID-5-AMPD Module II trait scores were meaningfully related to PID-5 trait scores. As a whole, our preliminary findings supported the clinical utility of DSM-5 AMPD.

Reliability and construct validity of the Personality Inventory for ICD-11 (PiCD) in Italian adult participants.

To assess the psychometric properties of the Personality Inventory for ICD-11 (PiCD, where ICD-11 is the International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision), a sample of Italian community-dwelling adult participants (N = 1,122) was administered the PiCD, the Five-Factor Model Rating Form, the Big Five Inventory, the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 Short Form (where DSM-5 is the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition), and the Measure of Disordered Personality Functioning. Our findings supported the unidimensionality hypothesis for the PiCD Negative Affectivity, Detachment, and Dissocial scale items, whereas adequate fit indices were observed for the bifactor model of the PiCD Disinhibition and Anankastic item joint polychoric correlation matrix. The PiCD scales showed adequate internal consistency, test-retest reliability (n = 262), and meaningful relationships with five-factor model domains and their maladaptive variants. A four-factor model of the joint correlation matrix of the PiCD, Personality Inventory for DSM-5 Short Form, and the five-factor model composite score was provided with adequate fit. All PiCD scales were significantly associated with the impairment in personality functioning. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).