RESUMEN
The FAS ligand (FASLG) is expressed on lymphocytes, which employ it to activate death receptors on target cells. Cancer cells are generally resistant to apoptosis triggered by FASLG. In this work, we found a way to circumvent this resistance by treatment with actinomycin D (ActD) and nutlin-3a (Nut3a). We selected this drug combination based on our transcriptomic data showing strong activation of proapoptotic genes, including those for receptor-mediated apoptosis, in cells exposed to actinomycin D and nutlin-3a. To test our hypothesis, we pre-exposed cancer cell lines to this drug combination for 45 h and then treated them with recombinant FASLG. This almost instantaneously killed most cells. Actinomycin D and nutlin-3a strongly cooperated in the sensitization because the effect of the drugs acting solo was not as spectacular as the drug combination, which together with FASLG killed more than 99% of cells. Based on the caspase activation pattern (caspase-8, caspase-9, caspase-10), we conclude that both extrinsic and intrinsic pro-apoptotic pathways were engaged. In engineered p53-deficient cells, this pro-apoptotic effect was completely abrogated. Therefore, the combination of ActD + Nut3a activates p53 in an extraordinary way, which overcomes the resistance of cancer cells to apoptosis triggered by FASLG. Interestingly, other combinations of drugs, e.g., etoposide + nutlin-3a, actinomycin D + RG7112, and actinomycin D + idasanutlin had a similar effect. Moreover, normal human fibroblasts are less sensitive to death induced by ActD + Nut3a + FASLG. Our findings create the opportunity to revive the abandoned attempts of cancer immunotherapy employing the recombinant FAS ligand.
RESUMEN
HSF1 is a well-known heat shock protein expression regulator in response to stress. It also regulates processes important for growth, development or tumorigenesis. We studied the HSF1 influence on the phenotype of non-tumorigenic human mammary epithelial (MCF10A and MCF12A) and several triple-negative breast cancer cell lines. MCF10A and MCF12A differ in terms of HSF1 levels, morphology, growth in Matrigel, expression of epithelial (CDH1) and mesenchymal (VIM) markers (MCF10A are epithelial cells; MCF12A resemble mesenchymal cells). HSF1 down-regulation led to a reduced proliferation rate and spheroid formation in Matrigel by MCF10A cells. However, it did not affect MCF12A proliferation but led to CDH1 up-regulation and the formation of better organized spheroids. HSF1 overexpression in MCF10A resulted in reduced CDH1 and increased VIM expression and the acquisition of elongated fibroblast-like morphology. The above-mentioned results suggest that elevated levels of HSF1 may direct mammary epithelial cells toward a mesenchymal phenotype, while a lowering of HSF1 could reverse the mesenchymal phenotype to an epithelial one. Therefore, HSF1 may be involved in the remodeling of mammary gland architecture over the female lifetime. Moreover, HSF1 levels positively correlated with the invasive phenotype of triple-negative breast cancer cells, and their growth was inhibited by the HSF1 inhibitor DTHIB.
RESUMEN
Co-treatment with actinomycin D and nutlin-3a (A + N) strongly activates p53. Previously we reported that CHIR-98014 (GSK-3 kinase inhibitor), acting in cells exposed to A + N, prevents activation of TREM2-an innate immunity and p53-regulated gene associated with Alzheimer's disease. In order to find novel candidate p53-target genes and genes regulated by CHIR-98014, we performed RNA-Seq of control A549 cells and the cells exposed to A + N, A + N with CHIR-98014 or to CHIR-98014. We validated the data for selected genes using RT-PCR and/or Western blotting. Using CRISPR/Cas9 technology we generated p53-deficient cells. These tools enabled us to identify dozens of candidate p53-regulated genes. We confirmed that p53 participates in upregulation of BLNK, APOE and IRF1. BLNK assists in activation of immune cells, APOE codes for apolipoprotein associated with Alzheimer's disease and IRF1 is activated by interferon gamma and regulates expression of antiviral genes. CHIR-98014 prevented or inhibited the upregulation of a fraction of genes stimulated by A + N. Downregulation of GSK-3 did not mimic the activity of CHIR-98014. Our data generate the hypothesis, that an unidentified kinase inhibited by CHIR-98014, participates in modification of p53 and enables it to activate a subset of its target genes, e.g., the ones associated with innate immunity.
Asunto(s)
Aminopiridinas/química , Dactinomicina/farmacología , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Imidazoles/farmacología , Piperazinas/farmacología , Pirimidinas/química , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/metabolismo , Proteínas Adaptadoras Transductoras de Señales/genética , Proteínas Adaptadoras Transductoras de Señales/metabolismo , Aminopiridinas/metabolismo , Aminopiridinas/farmacología , Apolipoproteínas E/genética , Apolipoproteínas E/metabolismo , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Humanos , Factor 1 Regulador del Interferón/genética , Factor 1 Regulador del Interferón/metabolismo , Mutagénesis Sitio-Dirigida , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas , Pirimidinas/metabolismo , Pirimidinas/farmacología , Interferencia de ARN , ARN Interferente Pequeño/metabolismo , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/antagonistas & inhibidores , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/genéticaRESUMEN
Heat Shock Protein A2 (HSPA2) is a member of the HSPA (HSP70) chaperone family and has a critical role for male fertility. HSPA2 is present in a number of somatic organs. Limited evidence suggests that HSPA2 may be involved in regulating epithelial cell differentiation. HSPA2 also emerged as a cancer-related chaperone; however, no consensus on its functional significance has been reached so far. In this study, we compared the phenotypic effects of HSPA2 deficit in non-transformed human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC), and in lung, breast, and cervical cancer cells. We used various techniques to inhibit the HSPA2 gene expression in order to examine the impact of HSPA2 deficiency on cell growth, migration, adhesion, and invasion. Our results show that HBEC but not cancer cells are sensitive to HSPA2 deficit. HSPA2 knockdown in HBEC cells impaired their clone-forming ability and adhesiveness. Thus, our results indicate that epithelial cells can rely on a specific activity of HSPA2, but such dependence can be lost in epithelial cells that have undergone malignant transformation.
RESUMEN
Actinomycin D and nutlin-3a (Aâ¯+â¯N) activate p53, partly through induction of phosphorylation on Ser392. The death of A549 cells induced by Aâ¯+â¯N morphologically resembles inflammation-inducing pyroptosis - cell destruction triggered by activated caspase-1. The treatment with Aâ¯+â¯N (or camptothecin) strongly upregulated caspase-1 and its two activators: IFI16 and NLRP1, however, caspase-1 activation was not detected. A549 cells may have been primed for pyroptosis, with the absence of a crucial trigger. The investigation of additional innate immunity elements revealed that Aâ¯+â¯N (or camptothecin) stimulated the expression of NLRX1, STING (stimulator of interferon genes) and two antiviral proteins, IFIT1 and IFIT3. IFI16 and caspase-1 are coded by p53-regulated genes which led us to investigate regulation of NLRP1, NLRX1, STING, IFIT1 and IFIT3 in p53-dependent mode. The upregulation of NLRP1, NLRX1 and STING was attenuated in p53 knockdown cells. The upsurge of the examined genes, and activation of p53, was inhibited by C16, an inhibitor of PKR kinase. PKR was tested due to its ability to phosphorylate p53 on Ser392. Surprisingly, C16 was active even in PKR knockdown cells. The ability of C16 to prevent activation of p53 and expression of innate immunity genes may be the source of its strong anti-inflammatory action. Moreover, cells exposed to Aâ¯+â¯N can influence neighboring cells in paracrine fashion, for instance, they shed ectodomain of COL17A1 protein and induce, in p53-dependent mode, the expression of gene for interleukin-7. Further, the activation of p53 also spurred the expression of SOCS1, an inhibitor of interferon triggered STAT1-dependent signaling. We conclude that, stimulation of p53 primes cells for the production of interferons (through upregulation of STING), and may activate negative-feedback within this signaling system by enhancing the production of SOCS1.
Asunto(s)
Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Dactinomicina/farmacología , Imidazoles/farmacología , Inmunidad Innata , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Piperazinas/farmacología , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/metabolismo , Células A549 , Humanos , Inmunidad Innata/efectos de los fármacos , Piroptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Activación Transcripcional/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells for patients with multiple myeloma (MM) may be done using either steady-state granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) or a combination of chemotherapy with G-CSF. The goal of this randomized, open-label, phase 3 trial was to compare the efficacy of chemomobilization using intermediate-dose cytarabine (ID-AraC) plus G-CSF with G-CSF alone in patients with MM referred for tandem autologous stem cell transplantation (autoSCT). The percentage of patients with stem cell yield of at least 5â¯×â¯106 CD34+ cells/kg was the primary endpoint. Ninety patients were enrolled, including 44 assigned to the ID-AraC arm and 46 in the G-CSF arm. The threshold number of CD34+ cells was reached in 43 patients (98%) in the ID-AraC arm and in 32 patients (70%) in the G-CSF arm (Pâ¯=â¯.0003). The median number of collected CD34+ cells was 20.2â¯×â¯106 cells/kg in the ID-AraC arm versus 5.9â¯×â¯106 cells/kg in the G-CSF arm (P < .000001). A single apheresis was sufficient to achieve the required number of harvested CD34+ cells in 37 patients (86%) in the ID-AraC arm and in 13 patients (41%) in the G-CSF arm (Pâ¯=â¯.00008). The times to both neutrophil and platelet recovery after autoSCT were significantly shorter in the patients mobilized with ID-AraC. This study provides the first evidence of the advantage of chemomobilization over G-CSF monotherapy in terms of efficacy. ID-AraC with G-CSF should be the preferred chemomobilization protocol for patients with MM scheduled to undergo tandem autoSCT.
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Citarabina/administración & dosificación , Factor Estimulante de Colonias de Granulocitos/administración & dosificación , Movilización de Célula Madre Hematopoyética , Mieloma Múltiple/terapia , Trasplante de Células Madre de Sangre Periférica , Adulto , Anciano , Autoinjertos , Citarabina/efectos adversos , Femenino , Factor Estimulante de Colonias de Granulocitos/efectos adversos , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mieloma Múltiple/sangreRESUMEN
High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) is the most frequent histological type of ovarian cancer and the one with worst prognosis. Unfortunately, the majority of established ovarian cancer cell lines which are used in the research have unclear histological origin and probably do not represent HGSOC. Thus, new and reliable models of HGSOC are needed. Ascitic fluid from a patient with recurrent HGSOC was used to establish a stable cancer cell line. Cells were characterized by cytogenetic karyotyping and short tandem repeat (STR) profiling. New generation sequencing was applied to test for hot-spot mutations in 50 cancer-associated genes and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis was used to check for TP53 status. Cells were analyzed for expression of several marker genes/proteins by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), and immunocytochemistry (ICC). Functional tests were performed to compare OVPA8 cells with five commercially available and frequently used ovarian cancer cell lines: SKOV3, A2780, OVCAR3, ES2, and OAW42. Our newly-established OVPA8 cell line shows morphologic and genetic features consistent with HGSOC, such as epithelial morphology, multiple chromosomal aberrations, TP53 mutation, BRCA1 mutation, and loss of one copy of BRCA2. The OVPA8 line has a stable STR profile. Cells are positive for EpCAM, CK19, and CD44; they have relatively low plating efficiency/ability to form spheroids, a low migration rate, and intermediate invasiveness in matrigel, as compared to other ovarian cancer lines. OVPA8 is sensitive to paclitaxel and resistant to cisplatin. We also tested two FGFR inhibitors; OVPA8 cells were resistant to AZD4547 (AstraZeneca, London, UK), but sensitive to the new inhibitor CPL304-110-01 (Celon Pharma, Lomianki/Kielpin, Poland). We have established and characterized a novel cell line, OVPA8, which can be a valuable preclinical model for studies on high-grade serous ovarian cancer.
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Cistadenocarcinoma Seroso/patología , Neoplasias Ováricas/patología , Proteína BRCA1 , Proteína BRCA2 , Línea Celular Tumoral , Aberraciones Cromosómicas , Cistadenocarcinoma Seroso/genética , Cistadenocarcinoma Seroso/metabolismo , Femenino , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad/genética , Secuenciación de Nucleótidos de Alto Rendimiento/métodos , Humanos , Cariotipificación , Mutación , Clasificación del Tumor , Neoplasias Ováricas/genética , Neoplasias Ováricas/metabolismo , Secuencias Repetidas en Tándem/genética , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/genética , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/metabolismoRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Cytokine composition of bone marrow microenvironment in comparison to blood is poorly explored. The goal of this study was to investigate the levels of cytokines present in peripheral blood and bone marrow of healthy hematopoietic stem cells donors. The data obtained on this subject with addition to cytometric analysis can provide new insight into the hematopoietic stem cells microenvironment. METHODOLOGY: Study consisted of cytokine concentration analysis performed by ELISA tests of peripheral blood of healthy peripheral blood stem cells donors and bone marrow of healthy bone marrow donors. Additionally we have tested the expression of CD47 and CD274 proteins on the surface of hematopoietic stem cells by the flow cytometry analysis. RESULTS: The results has shown different composition of analyzed cytokines (IL-1 ß, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, TGF-ß1, IFN-γ and TNF-α) present in bone marrow and blood of stem cells donors. The hematopoietic stem cells in peripheral blood are subjected to higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines whilst the lower level of those cytokines in bone marrow with a very high level of TGF-ß1 which possibly creates a more immunosuppressive environment. The IL-10 level was significantly higher in peripheral blood of PBSC donors after the administration of mobilizing factor (G-CSF). The percentage of CD47+HSCs was significantly higher in bone marrow compared to peripheral blood of mobilized donors.
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Médula Ósea/inmunología , Médula Ósea/metabolismo , Citocinas/sangre , Citocinas/metabolismo , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas , Donantes de Tejidos , Adulto , Femenino , Voluntarios Sanos , Movilización de Célula Madre Hematopoyética , Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/inmunología , Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/metabolismo , Humanos , Inmunosupresores/sangre , Inmunosupresores/metabolismo , Mediadores de Inflamación/sangre , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Trasplante de Células Madre de Sangre Periférica , Nicho de Células Madre/inmunología , Nicho de Células Madre/fisiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
HSPA2, a poorly characterized member of the HSPA (HSP70) chaperone family, is a testis-enriched protein involved in male germ cell differentiation. Previously, we revealed that HSPA2 is present in human stratified epithelia, including epidermis, however the contribution of this protein to epithelial biology remained unknown. Here, we show for the first time that HSPA2 is expressed in basal epidermal keratinocytes, albeit not in keratinocytes exhibiting features attributed to primitive undifferentiated progenitors, and participates in the keratinocyte differentiation process. We found that HSPA2 is dispensable for protection of HaCaT keratinocytes against heat shock-induced cytotoxicity. We also shown that lentiviral-mediated shRNA silencing of HSPA2 expression in HaCaT cells caused a set of phenotypic changes characteristic for keratinocytes committed to terminal differentiation such as reduced clonogenic potential, impaired adhesiveness and increased basal and confluency-induced expression of differentiation markers. Moreover, the fraction of undifferentiated cells that rapidly adhered to collagen IV was less numerous in HSPA2-deficient cells than in the control. In a 3D reconstructed human epidermis model, HSPA2 deficiency resulted in accelerated development of a filaggrin-positive layer. Collectively, our results clearly show a link between HSPA2 expression and maintenance of keratinocytes in an undifferentiated state in the basal layer of the epidermis. It seems that HSPA2 could retain keratinocytes from premature entry into the terminal differentiation process. Overall, HSPA2 appears to be necessary for controlling development of properly stratified epidermis and thus for maintenance of skin homeostasis.
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Diferenciación Celular , Epidermis/metabolismo , Proteínas HSP70 de Choque Térmico/metabolismo , Queratinocitos/metabolismo , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Adhesión Celular , Línea Celular , Proliferación Celular , Colágeno Tipo IV/metabolismo , Epidermis/patología , Femenino , Proteínas Filagrina , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Proteínas HSP70 de Choque Térmico/genética , Respuesta al Choque Térmico , Humanos , Proteínas de Filamentos Intermediarios/metabolismo , Queratinocitos/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Fenotipo , Interferencia de ARN , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal , TransfecciónRESUMEN
The procedure of autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (autoPBSCT) requires cryopreservation of cells in a mixture containing dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). DMSO is necessary to secure cell viability, however, its infusion may be toxic to stem cell recipient. The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the impact of DMSO concentration on engraftment after autoPBSCT.One-hundred-fifty patients were randomly assigned to one of three study arms; their leukapheresis products were cryopreserved in 10%, 7.5% or 5% DMSO. The study groups did not differ with regard to the diagnosis (mainly lymphomas and multiple myeloma), age, conditioning regimen, and the number of transplanted hematopoietic stem cells. 143 patients were treated with autoPBSCT. The frequency of adverse effects during and shortly after infusion was the lowest in 5% DMSO arm (p = 0.02 compared to 10% DMSO). 4 patients died due to infection before the engraftment. The median time to leukocyte and neutrophil recovery was 10 days in all study groups (p = 0.36 and p = 0.2). As well, the median day of platelet recovery was the same for all DMSO concentrations and equaled 15 days (p = 0.61).In view of these results, 5% DMSO mixture may be considered a new standard in cryopreservation of hematopoietic stem cells.
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Criopreservación/métodos , Dimetilsulfóxido/farmacología , Supervivencia de Injerto/efectos de los fármacos , Trasplante de Células Madre de Sangre Periférica/efectos adversos , Adulto , Conservación de la Sangre/métodos , Crioprotectores , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Femenino , Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/citología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Trasplante de Células Madre de Sangre Periférica/métodos , Trasplante Autólogo/efectos adversosRESUMEN
Regeneration of the bone marrow microenvironment after transplantation of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells is poorly explored. The goal of our study was to investigate this process focusing on immunologic factors: concentrations of selected cytokines, expression of immunosuppressive proteins CD47 and CD274 on hematopoietic stem cells, and frequency of T regulatory lymphocytes (Tregs). Bone marrow samples were collected before transplantation, on the day of transplantation, and at the 1-year follow-up. As a control group, we used bone marrow from healthy donors. Prior to the conditioning, the percentage of Tregs and concentration of interleukin-10 were higher in the bone marrow of patients than in healthy donors. The conditioning regimen resulted in increased concentrations of interferon-γ and expression of CD274 on hematopoietic stem cells. Twenty-eight days after transplantation, level of Tregs, expression of CD47, and concentration of interleukin-10 and latency-associated peptide 1 were increased compared with the period before conditioning. Starting from day 100 after transplantation, the microenvironment tended to normalize; the level of Tregs and concentrations of most cytokines were similar to values in the bone marrow of healthy donors.
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Médula Ósea/inmunología , Microambiente Celular/inmunología , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas , Adulto , Anciano , Antígeno B7-H1/metabolismo , Terapia Combinada , Citocinas/metabolismo , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Enfermedad Injerto contra Huésped/diagnóstico , Enfermedad Injerto contra Huésped/etiología , Neoplasias Hematológicas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Hematológicas/terapia , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/efectos adversos , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/métodos , Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/citología , Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/metabolismo , Humanos , Inmunosupresores/farmacología , Inmunosupresores/uso terapéutico , Interferón gamma/metabolismo , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Acondicionamiento Pretrasplante/métodos , Trasplante Homólogo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
AIMS: The aim of the present study was to isolate mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) with CD105+CD34- phenotype from human hearts, and to investigate their therapeutic potential in a mouse model of hindlimb ischemia and myocardial infarction (MI). The study aimed also to investigate the feasibility of xenogeneic MSCs implantation. METHODS AND RESULTS: MSC isolated from human hearts were multipotent cells. Separation of MSC with CD105+CD34- phenotype limited the heterogeneity of the originally isolated cell population. MSC secreted a number of anti-inflammatory and proangiogenic cytokines (mainly IL-6, IL-8, and GRO). Human MSC were transplanted into C57Bl/6NCrl mice. Using the mouse model of hindlimb ischemia it was shown that human MSC treated mice demonstrated a higher capillary density 14 days after injury. It was also presented that MSC administrated into the ischemic muscle facilitated fast wound healing (functional recovery by ischemic limb). MSC transplanted into an infarcted myocardium reduced the post-infarction scar, fibrosis, and increased the number of blood vessels both in the border area, and within the post-infarction scar. The improvement of left ventricular ejection fraction was also observed. CONCLUSION: In two murine models (hindlimb ischemia and MI) we did not observe the xenotransplant rejection. Indeed, we have shown that human cardiac mesenchymal stromal cells with CD105+CD34- phenotype exhibit therapeutic potential. It seems that M2 macrophages are essential for healing and repair of the post-infarcted heart.
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Antígenos CD34/metabolismo , Endoglina/metabolismo , Trasplante de Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/métodos , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/metabolismo , Infarto del Miocardio/terapia , Animales , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Fibrosis/patología , Humanos , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Infarto del Miocardio/metabolismo , Infarto del Miocardio/patología , Miocardio/patologíaRESUMEN
It was previously postulated that pretransplant myeloablative treatment may impair thymopoiesis, contributing in this way to delayed reconstitution of T cells after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). On the other hand, de novo generation of T cells after HSCT requires a competent thymus. Various myeloablative conditioning regimens (total body irradiation [TBI] or high-dose chemotherapy) routinely used in clinical practice may have potentially different impacts on the thymus. However, no comparative study on thymic output and T cell repertoire in autologous (auto)HSCT model has been presented so far. Here we evaluated thymic output and TCR diversity in 45 lymphoma patients submitted to autoHSCT differing in respect to conditioning regimen: high-dose chemotherapy as monotherapy (BEAM, n = 22) or combination of total body irradiation with cyclophosphamide chemotherapy: Cy/TBI (n = 23). Thymic output was assessed before and on days +100, +180, and +365 after autoHSCT by flow cytometric counts of recent thymic emigrant (RTE) cells (CD31(+) CD62L(+) CD45RA(+) CD4(+)) and quantification of signal joint TCR receptor excision circles (sjTRECs) by quantitative PCR. T cell repertoire diversity was analyzed on day +365 after autoHSCT by spectra-typing of the CDR3 region in the TCRVß chain. The BEAM group, in contrast to the Cy/TBI group, manifested significantly higher proportions of RTE cells and sjTREC copy numbers on days +100 and +180. Analysis of TCRVß spectra-types on day +365 revealed more restricted (monoclonal or oligoclonal) T cell repertoires in the Cy/TBI versus BEAM group (48.8% versus 18.2%, P = .0002). In conclusion, the conditioning scheme based on BEAM chemotherapy may be performed with lower risk of thymic destruction and T cell repertoire distortion than Cy/TBI scheme. This finding may help to potentially improve conditioning schemes to efficiently perform myeloablation and maintain active thymopoiesis.
Asunto(s)
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administración & dosificación , Ciclofosfamida/administración & dosificación , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas , Enfermedad de Hodgkin , Timo/metabolismo , Acondicionamiento Pretrasplante/métodos , Irradiación Corporal Total , Adulto , Anciano , Autoinjertos , Carmustina/administración & dosificación , Citarabina/administración & dosificación , Femenino , Enfermedad de Hodgkin/metabolismo , Enfermedad de Hodgkin/terapia , Humanos , Masculino , Melfalán/administración & dosificación , Persona de Mediana Edad , Podofilotoxina/administración & dosificación , Timo/patologíaRESUMEN
Our previous in vitro studies proved a higher clonogenic potential of peripheral blood progenitor cells cryopreserved in 7.5% dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO) than in 10% Me2SO containing medium. Based on this findings 7.5% Me2SO cryopreservation medium was introduced to our protocol and both the hematopoietic recovery and infusion-related toxicity were compared with that obtained with standard 10% Me2SO containing solution. Two cohorts of consecutive patients treated with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation were included in the analysis: 56 patients with PBPCs cryopreserved in 7.5% Me2SO solution and 52 patients who obtained cells cryopreserved in 10% Me2SO. Both study groups did not differ significantly with regard to age, diagnosis, and the number of transplanted CD34(+) cells. The time to leukocyte recovery was shorter for patients in the 7.5% Me2SO treated group than in the 10% one. Reconstitution of platelets and the frequency of adverse events did not differ in both groups. Reduction of Me2SO concentration from 10% to 7.5% in cryoprotective mixture has a beneficial impact on leukocyte recovery. These findings require verification in a prospective, randomized trial.
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Criopreservación/métodos , Crioprotectores/metabolismo , Dimetilsulfóxido/metabolismo , Hematopoyesis , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/métodos , Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/citología , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/efectos adversos , Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/metabolismo , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Trasplante Autólogo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Heat Shock Transcription Factor 1 (HSF1) is activated under stress conditions. In turn, it induces expression of Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs), which are well-known regulators of protein homeostasis. Elevated levels of HSF1 and HSPs were observed in many types of tumors. The aim of the present study was to determine whether HSF1 could have an effect on the survival of cancer cells treated with chemotherapeutic cytotoxic agents. METHODS: We constructed mouse (B16F10) and human (1205Lu, WM793B) melanoma cells overexpressing full or mutant form of human HSF1: a constitutively active one with a deletion in regulatory domain or a dominant negative one with a deletion in the activation domain. The impact of different forms of HSF1 on the expression of HSP and ABC genes was studied by RT-PCR and Western blotting. Cell cultures were treated with increasing amounts of doxorubicin, paclitaxel, cisplatin, vinblastine or bortezomib. Cell viability was determined by MTT, and IC50 was calculated. Cellular accumulation of fluorescent dyes and side population cells were studied using flow cytometry. RESULTS: Cells overexpressing HSF1 and characterized by increased HSPs accumulation were more resistant to doxorubicin or paclitaxel, but not to cisplatin, vinblastine or bortezomib. This resistance correlated with the enhanced efflux of fluorescent dyes and the increased number of side population cells. The expression of constitutively active mutant HSF1, also resulting in HSPs overproduction, did not reduce the sensitivity of melanoma cells to drugs, unlike in the case of dominant negative form expression. Cells overexpressing a full or dominant negative form of HSF1, but not a constitutively active one, had higher transcription levels of ABC genes when compared to control cells. CONCLUSIONS: HSF1 overexpression facilitates the survival of melanoma cells treated with doxorubicin or paclitaxel. However, HSF1-mediated chemoresistance is not dependent on HSPs accumulation but on an increased potential for drug efflux by ABC transporters. Direct transcriptional activity of HSF1 is not necessary for increased expression of ABC genes, which is probably mediated by HSF1 regulatory domain.
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Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/genética , Doxorrubicina/farmacología , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos/genética , Expresión Génica , Melanoma/genética , Paclitaxel/farmacología , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Transportadoras de Casetes de Unión a ATP/genética , Transportadoras de Casetes de Unión a ATP/metabolismo , Animales , Línea Celular Tumoral , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Supervivencia Celular/genética , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/metabolismo , Silenciador del Gen , Factores de Transcripción del Choque Térmico , Humanos , Concentración 50 Inhibidora , Melanoma/metabolismo , Melanoma Experimental/genética , Melanoma Experimental/metabolismo , Ratones , Mutación , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismoRESUMEN
Regulatory T (Treg) cells are essential for maintaining immune tolerance. High Treg frequencies have been reported in peripheral blood and tissue samples of patients with solid tumors while their role in lymphomas, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) has not been clearly established. In this study, we analyzed the circulating Treg numbers in 27 patients with newly diagnosed DLBCL and 17 healthy individuals. Tregs were detected by flow cytometry based on CD4(+) CD25(high) FoxP3(+) phenotype. In addition, the expression of CD45RA, HLA-DR, CD62L, CD39, and CTLA4 was analyzed. The number of circulating Treg cells was lower in patients with DLBCL than in healthy controls: median 23 (range, 4-107)/µL vs. 41 (19-104)/µL (P = 0.04). In particular, the number of Tregs expressing CD45RA (naïve Tregs), HLA-DR (marker of activation), and CD62L (L-selectin) was decreased in the DLBCL group. Lower (below median) number of circulating Tregs was associated with reduced chance of achieving complete remission (29% vs. 69%, P = 0.05) and reduced probability of even-free survival (24% vs. 84% at 1 yr, P = 0.0004), independently on the International Prognostic Index. We conclude that low number of circulating Tregs may be associated with poor prognosis in patients with DLBCL. However, our observations require confirmation in larger patient population.
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Linfoma de Células B Grandes Difuso/inmunología , Linfoma de Células B Grandes Difuso/mortalidad , Linfocitos T Reguladores/inmunología , Adulto , Anciano , Antígenos CD/metabolismo , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Citometría de Flujo , Humanos , Inmunofenotipificación , Incidencia , Recuento de Linfocitos , Linfoma de Células B Grandes Difuso/diagnóstico , Linfoma de Células B Grandes Difuso/tratamiento farmacológico , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Fenotipo , Pronóstico , Linfocitos T Reguladores/metabolismo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Resveratrol is a natural compound that has been intensely studied due to its role in cancer prevention and potential as an anti-cancer therapy. Its effects include induction of apoptosis and senescence-like growth inhibition. Here, we report that two cancer cell lines (U-2 OS and A549) differ significantly in their molecular responses to resveratrol. Specifically, in U-2 OS cells, the activation of the p53 pathway is attenuated when compared to the activation in A549 cells. This attenuation is accompanied by a point mutation (458: CGAâTGA) in the PPM1D gene and overexpression of the encoded protein, which is a negative regulator of p53. Experimentally induced knockdown of PPM1D in U-2 OS cells resulted in slightly increased activation of the p53 pathway, most clearly visible as stronger phosphorylation of p53 Ser37. When treated with nutlin-3a, a non-genotoxic activator of p53, U-2 OS and A549 cells both responded with substantial activation of the p53 pathway. Nutlin-3a improved the clonogenic survival of both cell lines treated with resveratrol. This improvement was associated with lower activation of DNA-damage signaling (phosphorylation of ATM, CHK2, and histone H2AX) and higher accumulation of cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Thus, the hyperactivation of p53 by nutlin-3a helps to preserve the replicative potential of cells exposed to resveratrol.
Asunto(s)
Anticarcinógenos/farmacología , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Imidazoles/farmacología , Fosfoproteínas Fosfatasas/genética , Piperazinas/farmacología , Estilbenos/farmacología , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/metabolismo , Secuencia de Bases , Western Blotting , Línea Celular Tumoral , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Cartilla de ADN/genética , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente , Técnicas de Silenciamiento del Gen , Humanos , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Mutación Puntual/genética , Proteína Fosfatasa 2C , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-mdm2/antagonistas & inhibidores , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Resveratrol , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/agonistasRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To study biochemical response of living model of glioma to X-rays irradiation using high resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Rat glioma C6 cells were irradiated with 3.8 Gy (D0, the 37% clonogenic survival dose) of X-rays from a teletherapy unit at the dose rate 8.8 Gy/min. After irradiation the cells were incubated at 37°C/5%CO2/95%O2 for various period of incubation (24, 48, 72 and 96 hours) in the fresh medium. The high resolution 1H NMR spectra of the agarose-cell mixtures (2 x 10(7) cells/ml) were acquired using a Varian Inova-300 multinuclear pulsed NMR spectrometer operating at the 1H resonance frequency of 300 MHz. The mean spectra were obtained as the averages of six independent measurements. RESULTS: The statistically significant increase in the CH2/CH3 lipid signals ratio in the C6 cells after irradiation with 3.8 Gy dose and incubation for 24-96 h was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Our method of the sample preparation enables the metabolic effects of irradiation to be observed in viable cells, which can effectively support the identification of the spectroscopic changes in vivo. Application of the gel suspensions in the NMR studies has advantages over the usual liquid suspensions in terms of improved reproducibility of the data and cell viability, with no net loss of the spectral quality.