Preparing and evaluating the anti-microbial effect of Allium jesdianum mouthwash on some of the most common oral microorganisms.

Background: Due to the increasing resistance of bacteria to antibiotics and anti-bacterial compounds in plants, Allium jesdianum Boiss plant extract can be used in mouthwash compounds with its anti-microbial activity. Methods and Materials: The anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activity of A. jesdianum mouthwash was investigated on Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis, S. salivarius and Candida albicans, and Candida tropicalis. To analyse the anti-microbial effect of this mouthwash, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined by the broth microdilution method. Results: The average MIC and MBC of A. jesdianum mouthwash for S. mutans were 1.56 and 3.12 (mg/ml), respectively, for S. salivarius, 0.25 and 0.65 (mg/ml), and for S. sanguis, respectively, 0.25 and 0.65 (mg/ml). The highest MIC and MBC values were for S. mutans, and the MIC and MBC values were equal for S. sanguis and S. salivarius. Average MIC and MBC were determined as 2.41 and 4.16 (mg/ml) for C. albicans and 2.34 and 5.72 (mg/ml) for C. tropicalis, respectively. MIC values of mouthwash were higher for C. albicans and MBC values for C. tropicalis. Conclusion: Our results showed a promising anti-fungal-anti-bacterial effect of A. jesdianum extract. A. jesdianum extract may be used as an alternative to chemical mouthwashes.

Evaluation of the Effect of Barberry Root (Berberis Vulgaris) on the Prevention of Metabolic Syndrome Caused by Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Three-Blind Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.

Objective: Metabolic syndrome is a potential side effect of atypical antipsychotics which are the current standard treatment for schizophrenia. Therefore, we aimed to examine the effect of barberry root (Berberis vulgaris) on the prevention of metabolic syndrome caused by atypical antipsychotic drugs in patients with schizophrenia. Method : Our research was a three-blind randomized clinical trial. The participants included all patients who were diagnosed with schizophrenia through the SCID-5 questionnaire and based on the DSM-5-TR criteria by two psychiatric experts. These patients were randomly divided into intervention and placebo groups. During a three-month treatment period, the intervention group received three 500 mg capsules of barberry root extract daily, whereas the placebo group received the same capsules containing 500 mg of starch powder. Metabolic syndrome variables including fasting blood glucose, serum lipids (triglyceride and cholesterol), blood pressure, weight and waist circumference were measured before and after the treatment as outcome measure. Chi-square and t-tests were used for data analysis using SPSS-22 software. Results: At the beginning of the study, there was no significant difference between the intervention group (n = 41) and the placebo group (n = 47) in terms of demographic factors, and pre-treatment assessments including weight, waist size, fasting blood HDL, fasting blood triglycerides and systolic and diastolic blood pressure and fasting blood glucose (P > 0.05). Within group analysis showed that some metabolic factors significantly increased in both groups after the treatment (P < 0.05). Indeed, in both groups, metabolic syndrome measures worsened after the three-month treatment period. The parameters of weight and waist size were significantly higher in the intervention group than the placebo group after treatment (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Barberry root extract was not able to control the Effects of antipsychotic drugs on metabolic syndrome in schizophrenia.

Evaluation of the protective effects of berberine and berberine nanoparticle on insulin secretion and oxidative stress induced by carbon nanotubes in isolated mice islets of langerhans: an in vitro study.

The increasing use of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) in various fields highlights the need to investigate the test toxicity of these nanoparticles in humans. Previous documents showed that SWCNT induced oxidative stress. Oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) cause cell dysfunction and reduced insulin secretion. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of SWCNT on oxidative stress and insulin secretion of islets also evaluate the protective effects of berberine (BBR) and berberine nanoparticles (NP-BBR) as antioxidants on pancreatic ß-islets. Double emulsion with solvent evaporation was the technique used to prepare nanoparticles in this study. Islets were isolated and pretreated with various concentrations of BBR and NP-BBR and then treated with single dose of SWCNT (160 µg). The results of this study showed that SWCNT decreased cell viability based on MTT assay, reduced insulin secretion of islets, increased malondialdehyde (MDA) amounts, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, whereas pretreatment of islets with low doses of BBR (5 and 15 µM) and NP-BBR (5 µM) significantly reversed all changes induced by SWCNT. These findings suggested that SWCNT might trigger other pathways involved in insulin secretion by activating the oxidative stress pathway in the pancreatic islets, reducing insulin secretion, consequently diabetes. BBR and NP-BBR as antioxidants were able to protect pancreatic ß-islets and prevent the progression of diabetes.

The Effect of Malva Sylvestris Cream on Episiotomy Pain and Healing: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

Background: Episiotomy is one of the common procedures during childbirth in Iran, which causes pain, discomfort, and scar in the perineum. This study aimed to pursue the effect of Malva Sylvestris cream on episiotomy pain and healing. Methods: This study was a double-blinded randomized-controlled clinical trial that was conducted from April to December 2021 at the Sina hospital in Ahvaz, Iran. Sixty women were selected and randomly assigned to control and intervention groups using block randomization. The main outcomes included pain assessment and episiotomy wound healing that are assessed by the Visual analog scale (VAS), and perineal healing scale included redness, edema, ecchymosis/bruising, discharge, approximation (REEDA). The cream was used twice a day for up to 14 days. The participants were followed on the first, seventh, and fourteenth days postpartum. Independent T-test, Mann-Whitney, and Chi-square, and Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) model were used by SPSS software version 22 for data analysis. Statistically significant level was considered less than 0.05. Results: There were no significant statistical differences between the two groups in demographic characteristics (P>0.05). No significant statistical differences were found in both groups in terms of perineal healing (B=-0.05; P=0.89) and pain scores (B=0.15; P=0.56). However, the chance of external dysuria in the intervention group decreased by 77% (P=0.01). Conclusion: Despite showing the positive effect of Malva Sylvestris extract on wound healing in animal and in-vitro studies, this clinical study failed to show the positive effect of this extract on wound healing and pain relief of episiotomy. However, future clinical trials are needed to substantiate the above findings.Trial Registration Number: IRCT20190826044621N1.

Determination of the Effectiveness of Topical Product of Commiphora Mukul Oleo Gum Resin on Dermal Wound Healing: An Experimental Study.

In Persian Medicine, many plants have been used in wound healing for thousands of years, and recent evidence indicates the beneficial effects of plant extracts on healing skin wounds. Commiphora mukul oleo gum resin has been considered for a long time due to its various properties such as milk-enhancing, diuretic, and healing the mouth and larynx wounds. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of Commiphora mukul oleo gum resin on wound healing in rats. Forty-two albino Wistar rats have randomly divided into six groups: The first group was without treatment, the second group was treated with Eucerin, the third group was treated with phenytoin cream %1, the fourth to sixth groups were treated with Commiphora mukul ointment 2%, 4%, and 8% respectively. Treatment was performed once a day for 14 days, and the wound area was measured daily. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were taken to measure vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). The histological evaluation and the strength test of the repaired tissue were performed. The results showed that seven days after treatment, the wound area decreased significantly in the groups treated with mukul gum extract compared to the control groups (p0.05). At the end of the experiment, there was no significant difference in wound area reduction between the groups. Commiphora mukul gum extract increased VEGF and significantly improved skin elasticity. The results of this study indicate the Wound healing potential of Commiphora mukul.

Gallic Acid and Gallic Acid Nanoparticle Modulate Insulin Secretion Pancreatic ß-Islets against Silica Nanoparticle-Induced Oxidative Damage.

Due to the increasing use of silica nanoparticles (SiNPs), their possible toxic effects on human health have undoubtedly been considered. Previous studies proved that SiNPs induced oxidative stress. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress disrupt cell function and decrease insulin secretion. Therefore, this study intended to assess the effects of SiNPs on oxidative stress and insulin secretion and also the protective effects of gallic acid (GA) and gallic acid nanoparticles (NP-GA) on pancreatic ß-islets. In this study, the mice islets were separated and pretreated with various concentrations of GA and NP-GA then treated with a single dose of SiNPs. The cell viability of islets examined by MTT assay and also the levels of ROS, malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH); activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and insulin secretion were evaluated. The results of MTT assay showed that SiNPs reduced islet viability in a dose-dependent manner and also insulin secretion, induced the formation of ROS, augmented MDA amounts, and decreased GSH levels, SOD, GPx, and CAT activities. Furthermore, pretreatment of islets with GA and NP-GA significantly returned these alterations at low dose. These findings suggested that SiNPs induced oxidative stress in the pancreatic islets, which could be one of the reasons for the decrease in insulin secretion and inducing diabetes. This study also showed that low doses of GA and NP-GA boosted the antioxidant defense system in the pancreatic ß-islets, preventing oxidative stress and, consequently, the progression of diabetes.

Isolation, identification, and HPTLC quantification of dehydrodeoxycholic acid from Persian Gulf sponges.

This study aims to investigate the chemical constituents of sponges Dysidea avara (D. avara) and Axinella sinoxea (A. sinoxea), grown up in the Persian Gulf, as well as dehydrodeoxycholic acid (DHCA) content in methanolic extracts of the selected sponges. The chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) fingerprint of bioactive compounds from methanolic extracts of the selected marine sponge samples was investigated. Based on molecular docking results, among chemical compounds found in marine sponges, DHCA has anti-inflammatory and antipsoriatic properties. They also indicated that DHCA generated stable complexes with 1w81, 3bqm, and 3k8o receptors (psoriasis-related targets) with a binding energy (BE) of -9.26, -10.62, and -7.59 kcal mol-1, respectively. DHCA is isolated from the methanolic extracts of marine sponge samples on chromatographic plates was quantified after derivatization with anisaldehyde reagent by the validated HPTLC method. In-situ HPTLC-DPPH was also calculated to evaluate the free radical-scavenging activity (FRSA) of DHCA. In-silico ADME (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion) predictions revealed that the compound had minimum toxicity and acceptable human intestinal absorption (HIA), as well as low skin permeability. These can potentially be employed as lead compounds to develop a novel antipsoriatic drug.

The comparison of therapeutic effect of Clobetasol propionate lotion and squill extract in alopecia areata: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial.

Alopecia areata is a chronic inflammatory disease that characterized by round or oval patches of non-scarring hair loss. From the past, Urginea maritima (white squill) was used for the treatment of hair loss in Iranian traditional medicine. We aimed the comparison of Clobetasol lotion and squill extract efficacy in treatment of alopecia areata in a randomized, double-blind clinical trial. The 42 patients were randomized into two groups. Both groups received topical squill and clobetasol lotion twice daily lotion for 12 weeks. Clinical evaluation included size of patches (using 1×1 cm2 schablone), total number of grown hair and number of terminal hair was performed every 2 weeks. Re-growth of terminal coarse hairs was evaluated using a semi-quantitative regrowth score (RGS) (0: no regrowth, 1: growth of <25%, 2: growth of 25-50%, 3: growth of 51-75%, 4: growth of >75%). There were significant differences between RGS4 in two groups after 2- and 3-month treatment (P<0.05). At the end of follow-up period, the mean hair growth rates increased significantly from 6.5 to 11.3 in squill group (P = 0.031) and it improved significantly from 10.3 to 17.9 in clobetasol group (P = 0.001). There were no significant differences between mean hair growth rates in two groups after 3-month treatment (P = 0.969). The lotion 2% of U. maritima bulbs extract showed good effect in 45% patients with patchy alopecia areata and showed moderate effect on re-growth of terminal hairs.

Investigation of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of leaves extracts from seventeen cultivars of Iranian olive (Olea europaea L.).

The leaves of seventeen cultivars of olive growing in the north of Iran were investigated for total phenol content and antioxidant activity. The identification and quantification of main phenolic compounds were performed by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector. The cultivars Kalamon, Gordal, and Coratina contained the highest concentration of phenolic compounds (190.65 ± 0.03, 184.72 ± 0.001, and 155.91 ± 0.06 mg GAE/g extract, respectively). The maximum radical scavenging activities were found in Gordal, Coratina, and Kalamon extracts (IC50 20.66, 22.95, and 26.74 µg ml-1, respectively). The extracts of Mishen, Fishomi, and Arbequina (1971.37 ± 0.007, 1794.57 ± 0.001, and 1760.57 ± 0.005 µmol Fe II/g dried extract, respectively) showed highest antioxidant activity in FRAP assay. The identification analysis demonstrated the present of vanillin, rutin, luteolin 7-O-glucoside, oleuropein, and quercetin. The highest oleuropein concentrations were detected in cultivars Mishen, Beleidi, Kalamon, and Roghani while it was not detected in cultivars Conservolea, Amigdalolia, Leccino, and Fishomi.

Antioxidant and Larvicidal Activity of Areal Parts of Scrophularia striata against Malaria Vector Anopheles stephensi.

BACKGROUND: Scrophularia striata is a perennial plant which is native in all parts of Iran, Turkey, and Azerbaijan. In this study, the total phenol content, antioxidant and larvicidal activities of total extract and different fractions of this plant were evaluated. METHODS: The aerial parts of S. striata were collected from Boli village, Illam Province, western Iran in Apr 2013. The total phenol content of total extract and different fractions were evaluated by Folin-Ciocalteu method. Moreover, antioxidant activity was tested by DPPH and FRAPS assays. Larvicidal activity was investigated according to standard method described by WHO. RESULTS: Ethyl acetate fraction (EF) had the highest content of total phenol (75.9±0.06mg Gallic acid equivalent/g dry extract). Furthermore, among the tested extract, methanol-water fraction (MWF), total methanol extract (TME) and water fraction (WF) showed the highest antioxidant activity in the DPPH assay (IC50= 226.8, 283.66 and 299.4 µg.ml-1, respectively). In FRAP assay MWF and WF and TME had the highest antioxidant activities (664.4±0.002, 565.3±0.003, 519.5±0.003mmol FeII/g dry extract, respectively). Ethyl acetate fraction had maximum larvicidal activity (LC50 49.1ppm) followed by TME (LC50 64.26ppm) and hexane fraction (HF) (LC50 89.69). CONCLUSION: Scrophularia striata collected from west of Iran illustrated considerable antioxidant and larvicidal effects and further in vitro and in vivo experimental models for investigation would be required.

Phytochemical analysis, antimicrobial, antioxidant activities and total phenols of Ferulago carduchorum in two vegetative stages (flower and fruit).

Ferulago carduchorum (Apiaceae family) is an endemic plant of Iran. The crude extract and four fractions of aerial parts of F. carduchorum in two vegetative stages (flower and fruit) were studied for their total phenolic contents, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities using folin-ciocalteu assay, micro dilution method and DPPH assay, respectively. The results indicated that the best antioxidant activity was determined in flower crude extract (IC50=0.44 mg/mL). The flower ethyl acetate fraction (FLE) showed better antimicrobial and antifungal activities than other fractions. So, FLE was selected for phytochemical investigations, resulting in isolation of a flavonoid (hesperetin). Hesperetin showed antimicrobial activity. The results showed that the antimicrobial and antioxidant effects during the flowering are obviously more than the fruit season.

Biological Activities and Composition of Ferulago carduchorum Essential Oil.

BACKGROUND: Ferulago carduchorum Boiss and Hausskn belongs to the Apiaceae family. This plant grows in west part of Iran that local people added it to dairy and oil ghee to delay expiration date and give them a pleasant taste. The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant, antimicrobial, acetyl cholinesterase inhibition, cytotoxic, larvicidal activities and composition of essential oil of F. carduchorum. METHODS: Acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory, larvicidal activities and chemical composition of essential oil of F. carduchorum were investigated. Besides, antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of essential oil were tested using DPPH, microdilution method and MTT assay, respectively. RESULTS: The major components of essential oil were (z)-ß-ocimene (43.3%), α-pinene (18.23%) and bornyl acetate (3.98%). Among 43 identified components, monoterpenes were the most compounds (84.63%). The essential oil had noticeable efficiency against Candida albicans (MIC= 2340 µg ml(-1)) and it was effective against Anopheles stephensi with LC50 and LC90 values of 12.78 and 47.43 ppm, respectively. The essential oil could inhibit AChE (IC50= 23.6 µl ml(-1)). The essential oil showed high cytotoxicity on T47D, HEP-G2 and HT-29 cell lines (IC50< 2 µg ml(-1)). CONCLUSION: The essential oil of F. carduchorum collected from west of Iran had anti-Candida, larvicidal and cytotoxicity effects and should be further investigated in others in vitro and in vivo experimental models.

Antioxidant and Antiacetylcholinesterase Activity of Teucrium hyrcanicum.

BACKGROUND: Teucrium hyrcanicum belonging to the Lamiaceae family is a native plant in Iran; it is called Maryam nokhodi-e-jangali in Farsi. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate acetylcholinesterase inhibition (AChEI), antioxidant activity and flavonoids content of T. hyrcanicum methanol extract. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The air-dried and the ground aerial parts of T. hyrcanicum were extracted by percolation method with methanol. Antioxidant activity of the extract was investigated by using 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP) methods. In addition, AChEI and flavonoid content of T. hyrcanicum methanol extract were measured. RESULTS: The results showed that total flavonoid content of T. hyrcanicum in reference to the standard curve for quercetin was 20.70 ± 0.05 mg quercetin equivalents/g of extract. In the FRAP method, the antioxidant activity of T. hyrcanicum extract and butyl hydroxyanisole (BHA) (as a positive control) were 657.5 ± 0.04 and 880 ± 0.06 mmol Fe II/1 g dried extract. According to results of DPPH assay, half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value for DPPH radical-scavenging activities of T. hyrcanicum methanol extract, vitamin E and BHA were 74.6, 14.12 and 7.8 µg/mL, respectively. IC50 value for AChEI of T. hyrcanicum and donepezil as a positive control were 2.12 mg/mL and 0.013 mg/mL. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study showed T. hyrcanicum is a natural antioxidant that the flavonoid content can be responsible for extract effects.

Comparison of essential oil composition and antimicrobial activity of Coriandrum sativum L. extracted by hydrodistillation and microwave-assisted hydrodistillation.

Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), is an annual herb in the Apiaceae family which disperses in Mediterranean and Middle Eastern regions. The Coriander essential oil has been used in food products, perfumes, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries for its flavor and odor. In Iran, fruits of Coriander used in pickle, curry powders, sausages, cakes, pastries, biscuits and buns. The aim of this study was to investigate microwave radiation effects on quality, quantity and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Coriander fruits. The essential oils were obtained from the Coriander fruits by hydrodistillation (HD) and Microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD) then, the oils were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Antimicrobial activities of essential oils were evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans by microdilution method. The results indicated that the HD and MAHD essential oils (EO) were dominated by monoterpenoids such as linalool, geranyl acetate and γ-terpinene. The major compound in both EO was linalool which its amount in HD and MAHD was 63 % and 66 %, respectively. The total amount of monoterpenes hydrocarbons in HD EO differ significantly with the amount in MAHD EO (12.56 % compare to 1.82 %). HD EO showed greater activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans than MAHD EO. Moreover, their activities against Ecoli and P. aeruginosa were the same with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) 0.781 and 6.25 µL mL(-1), respectively. By using MAHD method, it was superior in terms of saving energy and extraction time, although the oil yield and total composition decrease by using this method.

In vitro antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of four Alkanna species growing in Iran.

BACKGROUND: Medicinal plants are recognized as sources of natural antioxidants that can protect biological system from oxidative stress. OBJECTIVE: In this study, the antioxidant activities of four species of the Alkanna genus (Alkanna bracteosa, Alkanna frigida, Alkanna orientalis and Alkanna tricophila) were evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The dried roots of plant samples (100 g) were extracted separately by percolation method with MeOH/H2O (80/20) and four fractions were provided respectively with hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and water. Antioxidant activities were investigated by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, ferric thiocyanate and thiobarbituric acid methods and compared with quercetin (as positive control). RESULTS: The results indicated that the butanol fractions of four species had the highest antioxidant activity and radical scavenging activity compared with the other fractions studied (P < 0.05). The 50% effective concentration (half - effective doses) values of butanol fractions are less than quercetin and other fractions, so, these fractions showed potent antioxidant activity. This indicated that the active compounds in the root parts of Alkanna species dissolved in the butanol. All the fractions of four species of Alkanna had antioxidant activity, while, there were no significant differences (P > 0.05) between the total antioxidant activities of same fractions. The total antioxidant activity values of Alkanna fractions in a descending order are as follows: Butanol fraction > ethyl acetate fraction > total extract > hexane fraction > chloroform fraction > aqueous fraction. CONCLUSION: The antioxidant activities of butanol fractions of samples were higher than quercetin. This may be because most of the active compounds of Alkanna species dissolved in the butanol.

Anticoagulant activity of isolated coumarins (suberosin and suberenol) and toxicity evaluation of Ferulago carduchorum in rats.

CONTEXT: Ferulago carduchorum Boiss. & Hausskn. (Apiaceae) is known as Chavil in Persian which grows in west of Iran. Local people add Chavil to dairy and oil ghee as a natural preservative to extend the expiration date. OBJECTIVE: The goal of this survey is the safety evaluation of the total extract of F. carduchorum in rats by determining both oral acute and subchronic toxicities; furthermore, the anticoagulant activity of isolated coumarins was evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The aerial parts of F. carduchorum were extracted by the percolation method. The anticoagulant activity of isolated coumarins was evaluated and the total extract was used to investigate acute and subchronic toxicity in rats. In the subchronic toxicity model, doses of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg of the extract were administered to treated groups for 30 consecutive days by gavage. RESULTS: According to the results of acute toxicity, the LD50 of Chavil extract was more than 2000 mg/kg. The subchronic study showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the groups treated with extract and control groups in hematological (erythrocyte, total and differential leukocyte, hematocrit, hemoglobin, platelet count) and biochemical parameter (glucose, albumin, cholesterol, triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase) evaluations. The isolated coumarins (suberosin and suberenol) prolonged the prothrombin time (PT) at doses of 3 and 6 mg/kg compared with control (p < 0.05). The longest PT was for suberosin at 6 mg/kg (17.4 s). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, oral administration of the Chavil extract did not cause either acute or subchronic toxicities although the coumarins showed anticoagulant effect in rats.

Bioactive Terpenoids and Flavonoids from Daucus littoralis Smith subsp. hyrcanicus Rech.f, an Endemic Species of Iran.

BACKGROUND: Daucus littoralis Smith subsp. hyrcanicus Rech.f. (Apiaceae) is an endemic species in northern parts of Iran where it is commonly named Caspian carrot. The fruits have been used as condiment. METHODS: In a series of in vitro assays, antioxidant (DPPH and FRAP assays), cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities of different extracts of roots and fruits were evaluated for the first time. The separation and purification of the compounds were carried out on the most potent extracts using various chromatographic methods and identified by spectroscopic data (1H and 13C NMR). RESULTS: The results showed that among the extracts only fruit methanol extract (FME) has significant antioxidant activity (IC50 = 145.93 µg.ml-1 in DPPH assay and 358 ± 0.02 mmol FeII/g dry extract in FRAP assay). The radical scavenging activity of FME at 400 µg.ml-1 was comparable with α-tocopherol (40 µg.ml-1) and with BHA (100 µg.ml-1) (p > 0.05). FME did not show any toxicity against cancerous and normal cell lines. Fruit ethyl acetate extract (FEE) had cytotoxic activity against breast carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma cells (IC50 168.4 and 185 µg.ml-1, respectively), while it did not possess antioxidant activity in comparison with α-tocopherol and BHA as standard compounds. Ethyl acetate and methanol extract of fruits showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC: 3.75 mg.ml-1) and Candida albicans (MIC: 15.6 and 7.8 mg.ml-1, respectively). Four terpenoids were isolated form FEE including: ß-sitosterol (1), stigmasterol (2), caryophyllene oxide (3), ß-amyrin (4). Also, three flavonoids namely quercetin 3-O-ß-glucoside (5), quercetin 3-O-ß-galactoside (6) and luteolin (7) were isolated from FME. CONCLUSION: This study showed that FEE and FME of D. littoralis Smith subsp. hyrcanicus Rech.f. had the highest biological activities which may be correlated with in vitro cytotoxic, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of terpenoids and flavonoids components of the extracts.