[Cervical cysts of second branchial arch. Retrospective study of 14 cases]. / Quistes cervicales de segundo arco branquial: estudio retrospectivo de 14 casos.

Fourteen patients with lateral neck branchial cysts treated over an 18 year term were reviewed to analyze the authors' method of diagnosis and management. The possibility of an embryologic rest in the neck should therefore be kept in mind with all clinically evident neck masses. Histopathological examination revealed that cysts were lined with a stratified squamous epithelium. Computed tomography and fine-needle-aspiration currently are essential diagnostic methods in the study protocol of these lesions. Traditional surgical techniques for the management of branchial remnants rely on simple excision of the structures associated with the sinus tract, with dissection carried out in the plane between the branchial remnant and the normal anatomic structures of the neck. Initial surgery is crucial since the recurrence rate after incomplete surgery can be as high as 22%.

[Cervical necrotizing cellulitis caused by spider bite]. / Celulitis necrosante cervical por picadura de arácnido.

Foremost causes of originating shallow painful inflammations on the neck are: boils, carbuncle or infected dermoid cysts and atheroma. When remembering other possible inflammatory sources in this site we cont with insects bites through scarces in our environment. We report one case of spider's bite (Loxoceles rufecens) originating a necrotic neck cellulitis and remind also the several clinical symptoms of arachnid bites scarce in our environment.

[Granular cell tumor. A lingual case report]. / Tumor de células granulares. A propósito de un caso lingual.

Although the origin of granular cell tumor (GCT) is no totally clarified, a neurogenic source is generally accepted. Some think its forerunners are the Schwann cells. Despite the tongue's localisation is frequently seen, few are the papers dealing with this topic. We report the case of a patient suffering a granular cell tumor of the tongue and profit the opportunity to reconsider the followings items: clinical findings, examination, diagnosis, histology and management and course of these growths. Literature's review of the theme.

[Retroauricular approach to complete obliteration of the external ear canal caused by osteoid osteoma]. / Abordaje retroauricular en la obliteración completa del conducto auditivo externo por un osteoma osteoide.

Osteoid osteoma of the temporal bone is an infrequent benign bone tumor. The suspected diagnosis is based on clinical findings (occasionally pain, cosmetic deformities, repeated external otitis and conductive hearing loss), otoscopy, the radionuclide bone scan, and computerized tomography. Histopathology confirms the diagnosis of osteoma. Pain responds to acetylsalicyclic acid. Treatment is surgical excision by curettage and eburnation of the bone margins using an endaurul approach. We report a complete obliteration of the outer ear canal by an osteoid osteoma in a 32-year-old patient. A postauricular approach was required because of the large size of the tumor.

[Chronic cholesteatomatous otitis media: comparison of otoscopic, computed tomographic and surgical findings]. / Otitis media crónica colesteatomatosa: comparación de la otoscopia y TC frente a los hallazgos quirúrgicos.

A retrospective study was made of 43 patients diagnosed as chronic otitis media, with and without cholestatoma, who were treated with surgical tympanoplasty. Otoscopic and computed tomographic findings were analyzed and correlated with surgical findings in order to evaluate the diagnostic value of scans.

[Postoperative complication in stapedectomy: excessive introduction of the prothesis in the oval window]. / Complicación postoperatoria en la estapedectomía: excesiva introducción de la prótesis en la ventana oval.

Postoperative failures and complications detected in patients who undergo surgery for otosclerotic disease are not uncommon in stapes surgery. Prosthesis displacement and incus necrosis are the most common findings in review stapedectomy. We report the case of a patient who had tinnitus, vertigo, and non-recovery of air conduction thresholds without neurosensorial lesions after stapes surgery. The suspected diagnosis of excessive introduction of the prosthesis in the oval window was confirmed by computed tomography, which showed the radio-opaque image of the McGee metal prosthesis. The prosthesis replacement and literature review are discussed.

[Evaluation of informed consent in ear, nose, and throat practice]. / Valoración del consentimiento informado en ORL.

The patient has a right to information about his or her disease and therapeutic options. A retrospective study was made of the opinion that 40 patients who underwent ear, nose and throat surgery had of this information. After receiving verbal and written information, they completed a questionnaire. Only 1 patient (2.9%) wanted no information, 100% wanted information about the evolution of the disease without treatment, 20.6% were more alarmed after receiving information, and 41.1% thought that written information was essential.

[Bilateral recurrent nerve paralysis secondary to Ludwig's angina]. / Parálisis recurrencial bilateral secundaria a angina de Ludwig.

Although the incidence of Ludwig's angina has diminished, it still occurs. This disease can have life-threatening complications, including deep neck infection and mediastinitis. We report a case of Ludwig's angina with bilateral vocal cord paralysis secondary to cervical spread of infection.

[Care for elderly patients at an ENT clinic. Descriptive study]. / Asistencia a ancianos en una consulta de ORL. Estudio descriptivo.

We report the results of a descriptive one-year study of the disorders encountered in patients over 65 in an ENT clinic. Out of a total of 1,516 patients, 439 were over 65: 57.86% (n = 254) women and 42.14% (n = 185) men. Patients consulted mainly for ear disorders (n = 284, 61.21%). Cerumen obstruction accounted for 29.84% of all new patients. Chronic pharyngitis (n = 58) was the second most frequent complaint and affected 82.8% of women. Malignant tumors were present in 2.2% of new patients.

[Primary health care in otorhinolaryngology. Descriptive study]. / Asistencia primaria en otorrinolaringología. Estudio descriptivo.

We present a one-year study describing the ENT pathology seen in a rural ENT clinic. The study included 1,516 patients whose characteristics are described (age, sex, diagnosis, and others).

[Subcutaneous cervical emphysema secondary to tooth extraction]. / Enfisema cervical subcutáneo secundario a extracción dental.

Cervical emphysema is rare and its diagnosis involves the ENT specialist. A case of cervical subcutaneous emphysema secondary to lower molar extraction is reported. The patient had no signs or symptoms other than cervical emphysema. Simple radiography and CT are recommended for early diagnosis. The etiopathogenic mechanisms of subcutaneous cervical emphysema are reviewed. Recent literature contains few cases of dental origin.

[Nasal septum cyst of odontogenic origin]. / Quiste en septum nasal de origen odontógeno.

Cysts in the nasal septum are unusual, and the presence of a dental cyst is even rarer. A cyst of dental origin was produced by dental root fracture in the nasal septum. The differential diagnosis and management are discussed.

[Protruding jugular bulb. A review of 7 cases]. / Golfo yugular procidente. Revisión de siete casos.

The position of the jugular bulb varies greatly. A high jugular bulb procident from the temporal bone is not uncommon. Most people with this anatomic variation remain asymptomatic. We report seven cases of high jugular bulb with clinical manifestations. The anatomy, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management are reviewed.