Multi-Organ Systems Involvement in COVID-19 is Associated With a Worse Prognosis.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has multiple organ system involvement but the association of organ system involvement with disease prognosis has not been reported. We study the association of organ systems involved with in-hospital mortality and hospital length of stay (LOS) in COVID-19. Methods: Retrospective study of 808 consecutive patients with confirmed-laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19 in a New York hospital from March 1-May 15, 2020. Results: Increased number of organs systems involved was associated with increased odds for in-hospital mortality (odds ratio [OR]: 1.36, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11-1.66, p < 0.01) and increased LOS (B = 0.02, SE = 0.01, p < 0.05). Increased platelet count was associated with decreased odds for mortality (OR: 0.996, 95% CI: 0.994-0.998, p < 0.001). Increased white blood cell count was associated with increased odds for mortality (OR: 14.00, 95% CI: 3.41-57.38, p < 0.001). Increased creatinine and glucose were each associated with increased LOS (B = 0.11, SE = 0.04, p < 0.01, and B = 0.12, SE = 0.05, p < 0.05, respectively). Increased odds for mortality were also found in high FiO2 oxygen requirement (OR: 11.63, 95% CI: 3.90-34.75, p < 0.001) and invasive mechanical ventilation (OR: 109.93, 95% CI: 29.44-410.45, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Multiple organ systems involvement in COVID-19 is associated with worse prognosis. Clinical/laboratory values corresponding to each organ system may be used as prognostic tools in clinical settings to tailor treatments for COVID-19 patients.

Renal Manifestations and their Association with Mortality and Length of Stay in COVID-19 Patients at a Safety-net Hospital.

Background: Renal involvement in COVID-19 leads to severe disease and higher mortality. We study renal parameters in COVID-19 patients and their association with mortality and length of stay in hospital. Methods: A retrospective study (n=340) of confirmed COVID-19 patients with renal involvement determined by the presence of acute kidney injury. Multivariate analyses of logistic regression for mortality and linear regression for length of stay (LOS) adjusted for relevant demographic, comorbidity, disease severity, and treatment covariates. Results: Mortality was 54.4% and mean LOS was 12.9 days. For mortality, creatinine peak (OR:35.27, 95% CI:2.81, 442.06, p<0.01) and persistent renal involvement at discharge (OR:4.47, 95% CI:1.99,10.06, p<0.001) were each significantly associated with increased odds for mortality. Increased blood urea nitrogen peak (OR:0.98, 95%CI:0.97,0.996, p<0.05) was significantly associated with decreased odds for mortality. For LOS, increased blood urea nitrogen peak (B:0.001, SE:<0.001, p<0.01), renal replacement therapy (B:0.19, SE:0.06, p<0.01), and increased days to acute kidney injury (B:0.19, SE:0.05, p<0.001) were each significantly associated with increased length of stay. Conclusion: Our study emphasizes the importance in identifying renal involvement parameters in COVID-19 patients. These parameters are associated with LOS and mortality, and may assist clinicians to prognosticate COVID-19 patients with renal involvement.

Glucose dysregulation and its association with COVID-19 mortality and hospital length of stay.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: We investigate the impact of blood glucose on mortality and hospital length of stay (HLOS) among COVID-19 patients. METHODS: Retrospective study of 456 patients with confirmed COVID-19 and glycemic dysregulation in the New York City area. RESULTS: We found that impaired glucose adjusted for other organs systems involved (OR:1.87; 95% CI:1.36-2.57, p < 0.001), increased glucose nadir (OR:34.28; 95% CI:3.97-296.05, p < 0.01) and abnormal blood glucose levels at discharge (OR:5.07; 95% CI:2.31-11.14, p < 0.001) were each significantly associated with increased odds for mortality. New or higher from baseline insulin requirement during hospitalization (OR:0.34; 95% CI:0.15-0.78; p < 0.05) was significantly associated with decreased odds for mortality. Increased glucose peak (B = 0.001, SE=<0.001, p < 0.001), new or higher from baseline insulin requirement during hospitalization (B = 0.11, SE = 0.03, p < 0.001), and increased days to dysglycemia (B = 0.15, SE = 0.04, p < 0.001) were each significantly associated with increased HLOS. Increased glucose nadir (B = -0.67, SE = 0.07, p < 0.001), insulin intravenous drip (B = -0.10, SE = 0.05, p < 0.05), and increased proportion days endocrine system involved (B = -0.25, SE = 0.06, p < 0.001) were each significantly associated with decreased HLOS. CONCLUSION: Glucose dysregulation adversely affects mortality and HLOS in COVID-19. These data can help clinicians to guide patient treatment and management in COVID-19 patients.

Hematologic Involvement as a Predictor of Mortality in COVID-19 Patients in a Safety Net Hospital.

INTRODUCTION: COVID-19 affects the hematologic system. This article evaluated the impact of hematologic involvement of different blood cell line parameters of white blood cells including absolute neutrophil count (ANC), hemoglobin, and platelets in COVID-19 patients and their association with hospital mortality and length of stay (LOS). METHODS: This was a retrospective study of 475 patients with confirmed positive COVID-19 infection and hematologic abnormalities in the metropolitan New York City area. RESULTS: Elevated absolute neutrophil count (OR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.02-1.42; p < 0.05) increased days of hematologic involvement (OR: 4.44; 95% CI: 1.42-13.90; p < 0.05), and persistence of hematologic involvement at discharge (OR: 2.87; 95% CI: 1.20-6.90; p < 0.05) was associated with higher mortality. Higher hemoglobin at admission (OR: 0.77; 95% CI:0.60-0.98; p < 0.001) and platelets peak (OR: 0.995; 95% CI: 0.992-0.997; p < 0.001) were associated with decreased mortality. Patients with higher white blood cell peak (B = 0.46; SE = 0.07; p < 0.001) and higher hemoglobin at admission (B = 0.05; SE = 0.01; p < 0.001) were associated with higher LOS. Those with higher hemoglobin nadir (B = -0.06; SE = 0.01; p < 0.001), higher platelets nadir (B = -0.001; SE = < 0.001; p < 0.001), and hematologic involvement at discharge or death (B = -0.06; SE = 0.03; p < 0.05) were associated with lower LOS. CONCLUSIONS: These findings can be used by clinicians to better risk-stratify patients with hematologic involvement in COVID-19 and tailor therapies potentially to improve patient outcomes.

MELD-Na score, Acute Physiologic and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, and SOFA score and their association with mortality in critically ill COVID-19 patients with liver injury: A retrospective single-center study.

Background: The Acute Physiologic and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE-II), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease modified for Sodium concentration (MELD-Na) scores are validated to predict disease mortality. We studied the prognostic utility of these scoring systems in critically ill coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with liver injury. Methods: This was a retrospective study of 291 confirmed COVID-19 and liver injury patients requiring intensive care unit level of care. These patients required supplemental oxygen requirement with fraction of inspired oxygen >55% and/or the use of vasopressor. MELD-Na, SOFA, and APACHE-II scores were adjusted. Outcomes were mortality and length of stay (LOS). Results: SOFA (odds ratio: 0.78, 95% confidence interval: 0.63-0.98, P < 0.05) was associated with decreased odds for mortality. APACHE-II and MELD-Na were not associated with mortality or LOS. Conclusions: We suggest that the novel nature of COVID-19 necessitates new scoring systems to predict outcomes in critically ill COVID-19 patients with liver injury.