Pregnancy and obstetric outcomes after fertility-sparing management of endometrial cancer and atypical hyperplasia: a multicentre cohort study.

STUDY QUESTION: What are the pregnancy and obstetric outcomes in women with atypical hyperplasia (AH) or early-stage endometrial cancer (EC) managed conservatively for fertility preservation? SUMMARY ANSWER: The study found a live birth rate of 62% in patients with AH or EC after conservative treatment, with higher level of labour induction, caesarean section, and post-partum haemorrhage. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: Fertility-sparing treatment is a viable option for women with AH or EC during childbearing years, but the outcomes of such treatments, especially regarding pregnancy and obstetrics, need further exploration. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: This retrospective cohort study analysed data from January 2010 to October 2022, involving 269 patients from the French national register of patients with fertility-sparing management of AH/EC. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: Women above 18 years of age, previously diagnosed with AH/EC, and approved for fertility preservation were included. Patients were excluded if they were registered before 2010, if their treatment began <6 months before the study, or if no medical record on the pregnancy was available. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: In total, 95 pregnancies in 67 women were observed. Pregnancy was achieved using ART in 63 cases (66%) and the live birth rate was 62%, with early and late pregnancy loss at 26% and 5%, respectively. In the 59 cases resulting in a live birth, a full-term delivery occurred in 90% of cases; 36% of cases required labour induction and 39% of cases required a caesarean section. The most common maternal complications included gestational diabetes (17%) and post-partum haemorrhaging (20%). The average (±SD) birthweight was 3110 ± 736 g; there were no significant foetal malformations in the sample. No significant difference was found in pregnancy or obstetric outcomes between ART-obtained and spontaneous pregnancies. However, the incidence of induction of labour, caesarean section, and post-partum haemorrhage appears higher than in the general population. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION: The retrospective nature of the study may introduce bias, and the sample size might be insufficient for assessing rare obstetric complications. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: This study offers valuable insights for healthcare providers to guide patients who received fertility-sparing treatments for AH/EC. These pregnancies can be successful and with an acceptable live birth rate, but they seem to be managed with caution, leading to possible tendency for more caesarean sections and labour inductions. No increase in adverse obstetric outcomes was observed, with the exception of suspicion of a higher risk of post-partum haemorrhaging, to be confirmed. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S): No funding was received for this study. There are no conflicts of interest to declare. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: N/A.

Impact of sentinel lymph node mapping on survival in patients with high-risk endometrial cancer in the early stage: A matched cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare patient survival using sentinel lymph node (SLN) procedure and pelvic lymphadenectomy for stating early-stage high risk endometrial cancer. METHODS: Patients who underwent surgery for early-stage high risk endometrial cancer between 2010 and 2017 were extracted from the incidence registry of the SEER program. We identified patients who underwent SLN mapping. Patients who initially underwent pelvic lymphadenectomy were selected as the comparison group. One-to-one matching was performed according to age, ethnicity, histology, extension and grade. The primary outcome was disease-specific survival. The secondary outcome was overall survival. RESULTS: A total of 326 patients who underwent SLN mapping and 326 who underwent pelvic lymphadenectomy initially were included in the study. The three-year analysis did not find a significant difference between the SLN and lymphadenectomy groups on disease-specific survival probability (88.2% vs 82.7, P = 0.07) and on overall survival probability (82.7% vs 78.2%, P = 0.57). Patients who underwent SLN mapping had a lower mean number of lymph nodes removed (mean 3 vs 16, P < 0.001) and there was a higher rate of patients with positive pelvic lymph nodes (18% vs 14%, P = 0.04). Following adjustment for confounding factors, disease-specific survival did not vary according to the lymph node intervention performed (P = 0.056), but the SLN group had better overall survival than those in the lymphadenectomy group (P = 0.047). CONCLUSION: The SLN technique was not associated with poorer disease-specific survival than pelvic lymphadenectomy even after adjustment. These results suggest that SLN is an acceptable and safe procedure in surgical staging for early-stage high-risk endometrial cancer.

[Conservative treatments for endometrial cancer]. / Traitements conservateurs en cas de cancer de l'endomètre.

CONSERVATIVE TREATMENTS FOR ENDOMETRIAL CANCER Treatment for early endometrial cancer remains based on hysterectomy. However, in patients of reproductive age with a pregnancy desire, conservative alternative may be considered in case of atypical hyperplasia or endometrial endometrial adenocarcinoma without myometrial invasion. The conservative treatment consists in proposing a protocol preserving the uterus, based on an antigonadotropic treatment (oral or intrauterine progestin, GnRH agonist) allowing a regression of the endometrial lesion. The pre-therapeutic assessment includes at least a review of initial histological slides, a fertility evaluation and a pelvic MRI. To check the remission and the absence of recurrence, hysteroscopy guided biopsies are performed every 3-4 months. Pregnancy is allowed after at least 3 months of treatment if the remission of lesions is proven histologically. In this circumstance, there is no contraindication to ovulation stimulation. Hysterectomy is finally indicated in case of progression of tumor lesions, non-remission of lesions at 12 months and if pregnancy project is abandoned.

TRAITEMENTS CONSERVATEURS EN CAS DE CANCER DE L'ENDOMÈTRE Le traitement du cancer de l'endomètre au stade précoce demeure fondé sur l'hystérectomie. Toutefois, chez les patientes en âge de procréer ayant un désir de grossesse, l'alternative conservatrice peut être envisagée en cas d'hyperplasie atypique ou d'un adénocarcinome endométrial de type endométrioïde sans envahissement myométrial. Le traitement conservateur consiste à proposer un protocole conservant l'utérus, fondé sur un traitement antigonadotrope (progestatif oral ou intra-utérin, agoniste de la GnRH) permettant une régression de la lésion endométriale. Le bilan préthérapeutique inclut au minimum une relecture des lames histologiques ayant fait le diagnostic de lésion endométriale, un bilan de fertilité et une IRM pelvienne. Pour vérifier la rémission et l'absence de récidive, des biopsies guidées par hystéroscopie tous les trois à quatre mois sont effectuées. La grossesse est autorisée après au moins trois mois de traitement si la rémission des lésions est prouvée histologiquement. Dans cette circonstance, il n'existe pas de contre-indication à une stimulation de l'ovulation. L'hystérectomie est finalement indiquée en cas de progression des lésions tumorales, de non-rémission des lésions à douze mois et en cas de succès ou abandon du projet de grossesse.

Residual Microscopic Peritoneal Metastases after Macroscopic Complete Cytoreductive Surgery for Advanced High-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma: A Target for Folate Receptor Targeted Photodynamic Therapy?

Despite conventional treatment combining complete macroscopic cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and systemic chemotherapy, residual microscopic peritoneal metastases (mPM) may persist as the cause of peritoneal recurrence in 60% of patients. Therefore, there is a real need to specifically target these mPM to definitively eradicate any traces of the disease and improve patient survival. Therapeutic targeting method, such as photodynamic therapy, would be a promising method for such a purpose. Folate receptor alpha (FRα), as it is specifically overexpressed by cancer cells from various origins, including ovarian cancer cells, is a good target to address photosensitizing molecules. The aim of this study was to determine FRα expression by residual mPM after complete macroscopic CRS in patients with advanced high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). A prospective study conducted between 1 June 2018 and 10 July 2019 in a single referent center accredited by the European Society of Gynecological Oncology for advanced EOC surgical management. Consecutive patients presenting with advanced HGSOC and eligible for complete macroscopic CRS were included. Up to 13 peritoneal biopsies were taken from macroscopically healthy peritoneum at the end of CRS and examined for the presence of mPM. In case of detection of mPM, a systematic search for RFα expression by immunohistochemistry was performed. Twenty-six patients were included and 26.9% presented mPM. In the subgroup of patients with mPM, FRα expression was positive on diagnostic biopsy before neoadjuvant chemotherapy for 67% of patients, on macroscopic peritoneal metastases for 86% of patients, and on mPM for 75% of patients. In the subgroup of patients with no mPM, FRα expression was found on diagnostic biopsy before neoadjuvant chemotherapy in 29% of patients and on macroscopic peritoneal metastases in 78% of patients. FRα is well expressed by patients with or without mPM after complete macroscopic CRS in patients with advanced HGSOC. In addition to conventional cytoreductive surgery, the use of a therapeutic targeting method, such as photodynamic therapy, by addressing photosensitizing molecules that specifically target FRα may be studied.

IVF impact on the risk of recurrence of endometrial adenocarcinoma after fertility-sparing management.

RESEARCH QUESTION: Do IVF treatments after conservative management of endometrial atypical hyperplasia or grade 1 endometrial adenocarcinoma (AH/EC) increase the risk of disease recurrence? DESIGN: This is a prospective cohort study from a national registry from January 2008 to July 2019. Sixty patients had an AH/EC and received progestin treatment using chlormadinone acetate for at least 3 months. After remission, 31 patients underwent IVF and 29 did not. The primary outcome was the recurrence rate at 24 months according to the use of IVF. The secondary outcome was the identification of risk factors for recurrence. RESULTS: The probability of 2-year recurrence was 37.7% (SD 10.41%) in the IVF group and 55.7% (SD 14.02%) in the no IVF group (P = 0.13). Obesity, nulliparity, polycystic ovary syndrome, age and tumoural characteristics were not associated with recurrence. Pregnancy was a protective factor for recurrence, with 2-year recurrence probabilities of 20.5% and 62.0% in the pregnancy and no pregnancy groups, respectively (P = 0.002, 95% CI 0.06-0.61). In contrast, the number of cycles, maximum serum oestradiol concentration during ovarian stimulation, ovarian stimulation protocol, total dose of gonadotrophin administered and thickness of the endometrium showed no significant differences in terms of the risk of recurrence in the IVF subgroup. CONCLUSION: IVF treatment after fertility-sparing management of AH/EC does not increase the risk of recurrence. Therefore, it is an acceptable strategy to decrease the time to pregnancy. Overall, the recurrence rate is high enough to justify close monitoring once remission occurs.

Microscopic Peritoneal Residual Disease after Complete Macroscopic Cytoreductive Surgery for Advanced High Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer.

BACKGROUND: Epithelial ovarian cancers (EOC) are usually diagnosed at an advanced stage and managed by complete macroscopic cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and systemic chemotherapy. Peritoneal recurrence occurs in 60% of patients and may be due to microscopic peritoneal metastases (mPM) which are neither eradicated by surgery nor controlled by systemic chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to assess and quantify the prevalence of residual mPM after complete macroscopic CRS in patients with advanced high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). METHODS: A prospective study conducted between 1 June 2018 and 10 July 2019 in a single referent center accredited by the European Society of Gynecological Oncology for advanced EOC management. Consecutive patients presenting with advanced HGSOC and eligible for complete macroscopic CRS were included. Up to 13 peritoneal biopsies were taken from macroscopically healthy peritoneum at the end of CRS and examined for the presence of mPM. A mathematical model was designed to determine the probability of presenting at least one mPM after CRS. RESULTS: 26 patients were included and 26.9% presented mPM. There were no differences in characteristics between patients with or without identified mPM. After mathematical analysis, the probability that mPM remained after complete macroscopic CRS in patients with EOC was 98.14%. CONCLUSION: Microscopic PM is systematically present after complete macroscopic CRS for EOC and could be a relevant therapeutic target. Adjuvant locoregional strategies to conventional surgery may improve survival by achieving microscopic CRS.

[First results of a breast cancer risk assessment and management consultation]. / Consultation personnalisée d'évaluation du risque de cancer du sein : premiers résultats.

INTRODUCTION: In France, participation in the organized breast cancer screening program remains insufficient. A personalized approach adapted to the risk factors for breast cancer (RBC) should make screening more efficient. A RBC evaluation consultation would therefore make it possible to personalize this screening. Here we report our initial experience. MATERIAL AND METHOD: This is a prospective study on women who were seen at the RBC evaluation consultation and analyzing: their profile, their risk assessed according to Tyrer Cuzick model (TC)±Mammorisk© (MMR), the existence of an indication of oncogenetic consultation (Eisinger and Manchester score), their satisfaction and the recommended monitoring. RESULTS: Among the women who had had a TCS and/or MMR evaluation of SCR (n=153), 76 (50%) had a high risk (n=67) or a very high risk (n=9). Almost half (47%) had a possible (15%) or certain (32%) indication to an oncogenetic consultation. Regarding this consultation, 98% of women were satisfied or very satisfied. In total, 60% of women had a change in screening methods. CONCLUSION: This RBC evaluation consultation satisfies women and for a majority of them, modifies their methods of breast cancer screening.

Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis associated with ovarian tumor: the gynecologist point of view.

BACKGROUND: Anti-NMDA receptor antibody (anti-NMDAr) encephalitis, although still a rare condition, is well known to neurologists as it is the leading cause of non-infectious acute encephalitis in young women. However, this is less well known to gynecologists, who may have a decisive role in etiological management. Indeed, in 30-60% of cases in women of childbearing age, it is associated with the presence of an ovarian teratoma, whose removal is crucial in the resolution of symptomatology. OBJECTIVES: Primary objective of our work was to present a review in a very schematic and practical way for gynecologists, about the data on anti-NMDAr encephalitis in terms of epidemiology, clinical symptomatology, treatment and prognosis. The second objective was to propose a decision tree for gynecologists to guide them, in collaboration with neurologists and anesthesiologists, after the diagnosis of NMDAr encephalitis associated with an ovarian mass. METHOD: We conducted an exhaustive review of existing data using PubMed and The Cochrane Library. Then, we illustrated this topic by presenting two typical cases from our experience. RESULTS: Anti-NMDA antibody encephalitis association with an ovarian teratoma is common, especially in women of reproductive age. Complementary examinations in search of an ovarian teratoma must therefore be systematic to envisage a possible surgical excision that may improve patient prognosis. CONCLUSION: Anti-NMDA antibody encephalitis should not be ignored by gynecologists whose role in management is central.

Lymph node metastasis probability in young patients eligible for conservative management of endometrial cancer.

OBJECTIVE: Endometrial cancer (EC) is a rare condition in young women. The objective of this study was to evaluate the risk of pelvic lymph node (LN) metastasis in young women with EC who are candidates for conservative management. METHODS: Using the SEER database, a population-based analysis was conducted to identify women <45 years with grade 1, 2, or 3 endometrioid adenocarcinoma stage IA (FIGO 2009) who underwent pelvic lymphadenectomy with at least ten LNs removed. The LN macrometastases rate based on conventional histological diagnosis was analyzed according to tumor grade and myometrial invasion (MI) on final histology. RESULTS: A cohort of 1284 women was analyzed. The LN metastasis rates were: 2/414 (0.5%) grade 1 EC without MI, 5/239 (2.1%) grade 2 or 3 EC without MI, 5/308 (1.6%) grade 1 EC with MI, and 14/323 (4.3%) grade 2 or 3 EC with MI. Tumor size was not correlated with LN metastasis probability. CONCLUSIONS: Young patients eligible for conservative management have a low rate of LN macrometastasis, especially in stage IA without MI grade 1 EC. A systematic lymphadenectomy should not be performed in these patients. Prospective study evaluating the sentinel LN mapping in conservative management of EC could be performed to assess the LN micrometastasis rate.

[Are there still indications of lymph node dissection in epithelial ovarian cancers after the LION trial?] / Reste-t-il des indications de curage ganglionnaire dans les cancers épithéliaux de l'ovaire après l'essai LION ?

In March 2019, Harter et al. published the results of the LION study (Lymphadenectomy in patients with advanced ovarian neoplasms) which raises the question of pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy for patients with advanced-stage epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). These results influenced the new French recommendations published in December 2018 by the French National Cancer Institute (INCa). Thus, it no longer seems consistent to perform a systematic lymphadenectomy for patients for whom there is no argument for nodal involvement, when a macroscopic complete peritoneal cytoreductive surgery has been performed. The question of preoperative lymph node assessment is therefore essential, whereas more than half of the patients in the LION study had metastatic lymph node involvement that was histologically proven. For the assessment of lymph node status by imaging, superior sensitivity for Positron Emission Tomography is demonstrated in comparison with CT-scan or Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Nevertheless, thoraco-abdomino-pelvic CT-scan with contrast injection remains the gold standard for this indication. In the absence of suspected involvement, supra-renal, mesenteric, coelio-hepatic, and cardio-phrenic lymphadenectomy are not recommended. Lymphadenectomies should always be performed in the other situations of EOC management apart from the rare case of stage 1 expansile subtype mucinous carcinoma. The aim of this review is to discuss lymphadenectomy indications for the surgical management of EOC by taking into account new data from the scientific literature.

[Update regarding the management of vulvar cancer: The guidelines of the Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris]. / Mise à jour concernant la prise en charge du cancer de la vulve : les recommandations de l'Assistance publique­hôpitaux de Paris.

Vulvar cancer is a rare disease, which represents 4% of gynecological tumors with an incidence of 0.5 to 1.5 per 100,000 women per year in France. Vulvar cancers are induced in 30 to 69% of cases by the presence of papillomavirus (HPV), in particular HPV 16 and 18, and can also occur in an inflammatory context. The diagnosis is made by histological examination of a vulvar biopsy. The histological subtype is a squamous cell carcinoma in 90% of cases. The 5-year survival of patients with vulvar cancer ranges from 86% for localized stages (FIGO I and II) to 57% for advanced stages (FIGO III and IVA), and 17% in case of metastatic disease (FIGO IVB). The treatment of vulvar cancer is mainly surgical, but radiotherapy and chemotherapy have become more important in recent years. Management has evolved into a personalized multidisciplinary approach, where each therapeutic decision must be discussed in a multidisciplinary consultation meeting. Surgical excision with tumor- free margins is central in the management of early stages. The indication for radiotherapy and brachytherapy should be discussed in the event that the excisional margins are positive in early stages. Radiotherapy is indicated in cases of lymph node involvement or in a neoadjuvant situation if the tumor is not immediately resectable. In this situation, it can be associated with chemotherapy. Chemotherapy alone is the treatment of diseases that are metastatic at the time of diagnosis.

Association between maternal social deprivation and prenatal care utilization: the PreCARE cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Maternal social deprivation is associated with an increased risk of adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. Inadequate prenatal care utilization (PCU) is likely to be an important intermediate factor. The health care system in France provides essential health services to all pregnant women irrespective of their socioeconomic status. Our aim was to assess the association between maternal social deprivation and PCU. METHODS: The analysis was performed in the database of the multicenter prospective PreCARE cohort study. The population source consisted in all parturient women registered for delivery in 4 university hospital maternity units, Paris, France, from October 2010 to November 2011 (N = 10,419). This analysis selected women with singleton pregnancies that ended after 22 weeks of gestation (N = 9770). The associations between maternal deprivation (four variables first considered separately and then combined as a social deprivation index: social isolation, poor or insecure housing conditions, no work-related household income, and absence of standard health insurance) and inadequate PCU were tested through multivariate logistic regressions also adjusted for immigration characteristics and education level. RESULTS: Attendance at prenatal care was poor for 23.3% of the study population. Crude relative risks and confidence intervals for inadequate PCU were 1.6 [1.5-1.8], 2.3 [2.1-2.6], and 3.1 [2.8-3.4], for women with a deprivation index of 1, 2, and 3, respectively, compared to women with deprivation index of 0. Each of the four deprivation variables was significantly associated with an increased risk of inadequate PCU. Because of the interaction observed between inadequate PCU and mother's country of birth, we stratified for the latter before the multivariate analysis. After adjustment for the potential confounders, this social gradient remained for women born in France and North Africa. The prevalence of inadequate PCU among women born in sub-Saharan Africa was 34.7%; the social gradient in this group was attenuated and no longer significant. Other factors independently associated with inadequate PCU were maternal age, recent immigration, and unplanned or unwanted pregnancy. CONCLUSION: Social deprivation is independently associated with an increased risk of inadequate PCU. Recognition of risk factors is an important step in identifying barriers to PCU and developing measures to overcome them.

Impact of Conservative Managements in Young Women With Grade 2 or 3 Endometrial Adenocarcinoma Confined to the Endometrium.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of ovarian and/or uterine preservation in young patients with grade 2 or 3 endometrial adenocarcinoma confined to the endometrium. METHODS/MATERIALS: A population-based analysis was conducted. The SEER'17 Database was used to identify women younger than 45 years with grade 2 or 3 endometrial adenocarcinoma confined to the endometrium from 1983 to 2012. A cohort of 1106 women was included: 849 underwent hysterectomy with bilateral adnexectomy, 96 underwent hysterectomy with ovarian preservation, and 49 underwent uterine preservation. The demographics and survival rates according to the type of treatment administered were compared. RESULTS: The 5-year overall survival probabilities were 94.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 92.8-96.2), 93.8% (95% CI, 85.8-97.4), and 78.2% (95% CI, 62.1-88.1) for patients who underwent hysterectomy with bilateral adnexectomy, ovarian preservation, and uterine preservation, respectively (P < 0.001).The 5-year cancer-related survival probabilities were 99.3% (95% CI, 98.6-99.9), 98.9% (95% CI, 96.9-99.9), and 86.2% (95% CI, 75.7-98.2) for patients who underwent hysterectomy with bilateral adnexectomy, ovarian preservation, and uterine preservation, respectively (P < 0.001).Patients who received uterine conservation had lower disease-specific (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 15.8 95% CI, 5.5-45.2) and overall survival probabilities (aHR, 6.6; 95% CI, 3.3-13.4) than did patients who underwent hysterectomy with or without oophorectomy. Ovarian conservation was not associated with decreased disease-specific (aHR, 1.45; 95% CI, 0.31-6.71) or overall (aHR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.17-1.90) survival. CONCLUSIONS: Ovarian preservation has no impact on survival probability in patients with grade 2 or 3 endometrial cancer confined to the endometrium. On the contrary, physicians and patients should be aware of the worse prognosis associated with uterine preservation.

Cancer Incidence in Patients with Atypical Endometrial Hyperplasia Managed by Primary Hysterectomy or Fertility-sparing Treatment.

AIM: To compare the risk of developing endometrial carcinoma (EC) in young women with atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH) undergoing fertility-sparing management compared to women treated by primary hysterectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this multicentric retrospective study, 111 patients with a diagnosis of AEH by endometrial biopsy were included. EC incidence was compared in two groups: 32 patients treated with fertility-sparing management and 79 older patients treated with primary hysterectomy. RESULTS: The rates of EC diagnosed by pathology of hysterectomy specimens were comparable between the groups. The probability of developing EC at 12, 24 and 36 months were 14%, 21% and 26%, respectively, in patients managed conservatively, and 29%, 37% and 37%, respectively, in patients treated with primary hysterectomy. CONCLUSION: Fertility-sparing management of AEH does not increase the risk of diagnosing EC from the hysterectomy specimen.

Surgical Outcomes After Debulking Surgery for Intraabdominal Ovarian Growing Teratoma Syndrome: Analysis of 38 Cases.

BACKGROUND: The goal, methods, and results of surgery for growing teratoma syndrome (GTS) in men after testicular cancer have been well described. The main surgical challenge relates to the need for vascular or thoracic procedures. But little is known about GTS in women, particularly regarding the optimal management of intraabdominal disease. This study aimed to evaluate the surgical management and outcomes (recurrences and fertility) for a large series of ovarian GTS. METHODS: This study retrospectively analyzed patients treated for an ovarian immature teratoma (IT) who subsequently experienced abdominal GTS requiring surgery. RESULTS: Between 1983 and 2014, 196 cases of IT were referred to the authors' institution or treated there, and 38 patients (19 %) subsequently experienced a GTS, including 10 cases of gliomatosis peritonei (containing exclusively pure mature glial tissue). The median age at diagnosis was 26 years (range 8-41 years), and the mean delay between IT and GTS diagnosis was 7 months (range 3-84 months). Surgical resection included peritonectomy (n = 22), diaphragmatic peritoneal resection (n = 14), bowel resection (n = 8), and splenectomy (n = 5). Conservative surgery was possible for 20 patients. Complete cytoreductive surgery was achieved for 25 patients. The mean follow-up period was 73 months (range 3-263 months). At least one recurrence developed for 10 patients (in the form of mature disease in all, and 8 of these patients had an initial complete resection. Five patients had a pregnancy. One patient died of complications from the disease (pulmonary embolism in a patient with bowel obstruction). CONCLUSIONS: The overall prognosis of abdominal GTS is good. The surgical procedures for GTS are similar to those used in debulking surgery for epithelial cancer. Whenever technically possible, a conservative surgery should be performed because spontaneous fertility is possible. Recurrent GTS is frequent even after complete surgery.

Gliomatosis peritonei: a particular entity with specific outcomes within the growing teratoma syndrome.

OBJECTIVES: Ovarian immature teratoma may be associated with peritoneal spread that could, after adjuvant chemotherapy, develop into disease exclusively composed of mature implants (growing teratoma syndrome) and/or gliomatosis peritonei (GP), defined as the presence of pure mature glial tissue. However, very few specific series are devoted to the outcomes of pure GP. This was the aim of the present study. PATIENTS: From 1997 to 2013, data concerning patients treated for stage II/III immature teratoma were reviewed. All slides were reviewed by an expert pathologist. Patients with ovarian cancer associated with peritoneal spread in the form of pure GP (initially if patients were treated without adjuvant treatment or after adjuvant chemotherapy if done) were analyzed. RESULTS: Ten patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The median age of patients at diagnosis was 36 years (range, 14-41 years). Six patients had undergone a conservative treatment. Five patients had macroscopic residual disease at the end of surgery.The median duration of follow-up from the diagnosis of GP was 39 months (range, 6-114 months). Six patients had undergone secondary surgery. Among them, 5 had incompletely resected macroscopic GP. No patients had died of their disease. All patients were asymptomatic at the time of the last consultation (1 of them with abnormal radiologic imaging). CONCLUSIONS: Gliomatosis peritonei is a particular entity of the condition described as growing teratoma syndrome because residual peritoneal disease can be asymptomatic totally stable over a long period which raises the question of a more conservative surgical approach in patients with massive peritoneal spread.

Factors predictive of endometrial carcinoma in patients with atypical endometrial hyperplasia on preoperative histology.

AIM: To identify predictive factors of endometrial cancer in patients with atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH). PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of 79 patients diagnosed with AEH. Clinicopathological characteristics of patients and final histology on hysterectomy were reviewed and univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. RESULTS: Nineteen cases of endometrial cancer (24%) were diagnosed at final histology. Most patients had IA (n=15, 79%) grade 1 (n=15, 79%) cancer, but two had FIGO stage IIIC (10.5%). The predictive factors of endometrial cancer on final histology in univariate analysis were: hysteroscopic sampling, older age, post-menopausal status, suspicion of cancer on hysteroscopy and suspicion of cancer at histology. In multivariable analysis, the only predictive factors of endometrial cancer were older age and the suspicion of cancer on hysteroscopy. CONCLUSION: In patients with AEH on biopsy, our results showed that hysteroscopy could be performed both to assess macroscopic features of malignancy and to orient biopsy.

Impact of obesity on the results of fertility-sparing management for atypical hyperplasia and grade 1 endometrial cancer.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of obesity on reproductive and oncologic outcomes on the success of fertility-sparing management. METHODS: This retrospective multicenter cohort study included women treated conservatively for atypical hyperplasia (AH) and endometrial cancer (EC) to preserve fertility. Five inclusion criteria were defined: (i) the presence of AH or grade 1 EC confirmed by two pathologists; (ii) adequate radiological examination before conservative management; (iii) available body mass index (BMI) at the beginning of treatment; and (iv) a minimum follow-up time of six months. RESULTS: Forty patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria (17 had EC, and 23 had AH), mean age and BMI were 33 years and 29kg/m(2) respectively. Among the 15 obese patients, after medical treatment, 10 patients responded (67%) and three relapsed, whereas in the 25 non-obese patients, 19 responded (76%) and three relapsed (p=0.72). The overall pregnancy rate and follow-up time were 35% and 35 months respectively. Among the 15 obese patients, after medical treatment, two patients became pregnant, whereas in the 25 non-obese patients, 12 became pregnant (p=0.04). CONCLUSION: Despite similar response and recurrence rates, our results suggest that fertility-sparing management for AH and EC is associated with a lower probability of pregnancy in obese patients.