Long anterior zonule trait, lessons learned about an uncommon form of secondary angle closure: a case report.

A 62-year-old black woman with uncontrolled chronic narrow-angle glaucoma on 3-drug therapy underwent phaco-non-perforating deep sclerectomy of her left eye. During surgery it was revealed that she had long zonule trait. She later required goniopuncture and conjuntival needling, presenting an iris herniation in the goniopuncture that could be reduced conservatively. Long anterior zonule trait should be suspected in those patients presenting with a combination of narrow angle and pigment dispersion syndrome. The management of ocular hypertension and glaucoma associated to this trait is not protocolized. This communication discusses on the best action in this rare form of glaucoma.

[Central trochlear nerve palsy treated with inferior oblique muscle weakening]. / Parálisis central del nervio troclear tratada con debilitamiento del músculo oblicuo inferior.

TITLE: Parálisis central del nervio troclear tratada con debilitamiento del músculo oblicuo inferior.

Approaches to the epidemiology of NOHL in the region of Madrid: Survey of neuro-ophthalmologists.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the epidemiology of Leber's optic neuropathy (NOHL) in the Region of Madrid. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The neuro-ophthalmologists who work at public hospitals of the CAM were interviewed by telephone. They were asked about the number of patients with NOHL that they had diagnosed during the time that they had been responsible for the neuro-ophthalmology department of that public hospital. The time worked and the population attended by the hospital were used to calculate the number of inhabitant-years in follow-up by each center during the corresponding period. The basic information of each case (date of birth, mutation, date of visual loss) was registered to avoid duplications. RESULTS: Our work estimates a global incidence of 2.34 cases for 10,000,000 inhabitants-year and a prevalence estimated from incidence of one case for each 106.682 inhabitants. This prevalence was very similar in all the studied areas and considerably lower than that reported by other studies. CONCLUSION: This work constitutes the first approach to the epidemiology of this disease in Spain. The prevalence of LHON in the region of Madrid, is probably lower than that reported in the literature in other regions. The prevalence and the incidence were homogeneously low in the 26 studied areas.

Clinical update in nanophthalmos: Features, diseases and complications associated.

Nanophthalmos is a rare congenital condition of the eyeball that is characterised by a smaller size of the anterior and posterior segments without associated ocular malformations. Typical features that have traditionally been described in these eyes are short axial length, thickened sclera, cornea with a smaller diameter, narrow anterior chamber, and an increased lens to globe volume ratio. However, at present, there is still a lack of recognised diagnostic criteria for nanophthalmos and a classification of its severity. Its clinical relevance stems from the increased risk of multiple ocular conditions, such as high hyperopia, amblyopia, angle-closure glaucoma, retinal detachment, and cataracts. Likewise, in relation to surgery in these eyes, there are particularities in cataract and glaucoma surgery and with a greater risk of associated intra- and postoperative complications. In this way, the treatment of nanophthalmos focuses on controlling the associated eye conditions and reducing and controlling surgical complications. This review aims to update what has been published in recent years regarding nanophthalmos.

Ocular involvement in a patient with Sweet syndrome: report of a case and review of the literature. / Afectación oftalmológica en el contexto de un síndrome de Sweet: comunicación de un caso y revisión de la literatura.

The case presented is a 66-year-old woman who attended the emergency department due to skin lesions on the limbs, facial oedema, and eye redness accompanied by haemorrhagic conjunctivitis. The symptoms resolved after one week of systemic steroid treatment. Skin biopsy confirmed Sweet syndrome. Sweet syndrome is rare disorder and unknown by most ophthalmologists despite its frequent ophthalmological manifestations. Ocular involvement is present in one third of patients, with episcleritis and conjunctivitis being the most repeated. Pathology findings confirm the diagnosis which is also characterised by a rapid response to systemic corticosteroids.