Phakomatous Choristomas: A Case Report and Review of Literature.

PURPOSE: To document a case of phakomatous choristoma (PC), a rare benign periocular tumor, and to review the literature on previously reported cases. METHODS: The authors describe a case of PC and its clinical, histopathological, immunohistochemical, and radiological features, and present findings from a comprehensive review of all previously reported cases of this rare pediatric tumor. RESULTS: This case report and review highlights the benign clinical nature of PC. It typically presents at birth as a lower eyelid mass involving the orbit. Definitive diagnosis is made with hematoxylin and eosin stain showing the tumor's histological similarities to lenticular tissue. CONCLUSION: PC remains a rare entity that should be included in the differential of pediatric eyelid lesions. Surgical excision is curative, and the postoperative clinical course is unremarkable as there have been no reports of recurrence. Prompt recognition and surgical intervention may be warranted due to astigmatism and anisometropia induced by mass effect.

Management of preseptal and orbital cellulitis for the primary care physician.

Preseptal cellulitis and postseptal (orbital) cellulitis represent a spectrum of orbital infections which a primary care provider and ophthalmologist may see during practice. Most often these conditions occur through spread from the sinuses, though there are a variety of other inciting factors. These conditions can both present with erythema and edema, but a complete and thorough exam can help a practitioner differentiate the two. Patients should be treated with targeting the most common pathogens and followed very closely by their providers. This article will discuss the anatomy, pathogenesis, risk factors, diagnosis, management and prognosis of preseptal and orbital cellulitis.

Common inflammatory and infectious conditions of the eyelid.

Patients with infection or inflammation of the eyelid will often first present to their primary care physicians with symptoms such as redness, swelling, tearing, itchiness, or a foreign body sensation. There are a variety of conditions that affect the eyelid which can cause such symptoms, and the exam and history can help a provider differentiate some of the more common conditions. This article will provide a comprehensive review of the background, diagnosis and management of dry eye disease, chalazion, hordeolum (stye), and preseptal cellulitis.

Eyelid and orbital trauma for the primary care physician.

Patients who experience trauma to the eyelid or the orbit may present to their primary care providers or directly to the emergency room for evaluation of their injuries. These patients will often be in pain and may have bleeding around the eye, which can make evaluation of these patients difficult. Many traumatic injuries to the eye require quick and immediate intervention. In this article, we will review the background, anatomy, exam and management of some of the most common eye traumas including eyelid lacerations, orbital hemorrhages, intraorbital foreign bodies, and orbital fractures.