RESUMEN
A range of amphiphilic sorbitan ethers has been synthesized in two steps from sorbitan following an acetalization/hydrogenolysis sequence. These sorbitan ethers and the acetal intermediates have been evaluated as antimicrobials against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. No antimicrobial activity was observed for Gram-negative bacteria. However, the compounds bearing a linear dodecyl chain exhibit antimicrobial activity (MIC as low as 8µg/mL) against Gram-positive bacteria such as Listeria monocytogenes, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus. Encouraged by these preliminary results, dodecyl sorbitan was tested against a range of resistant strains and was found to be active against vancomycin-, methicillin- and daptomycin-resistant strains (MIC=32-64µg/mL).
Asunto(s)
Antiinfecciosos/química , Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Éteres/química , Éteres/farmacología , Bacterias Grampositivas/efectos de los fármacos , Antiinfecciosos/síntesis química , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana/efectos de los fármacos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Polisorbatos/químicaRESUMEN
A series of amphiphilic methyl glucopyranoside ethers incorporating various alkyl chain lengths has been synthesized from commercially available methyl glucopyranosides following an acetalisation/hydrogenolysis sequence. The amphiphilic properties of ethers and acetal intermediates were evaluated. Both families exhibit excellent surfactant properties with a maximum efficiency obtained for compounds bearing a linear dodecyl chain (CMC = 0.012 mM, γsat. = 30 mN m-1). Antimicrobial activity studies revealed an efficient activity (0.03 < MIC < 0.12 mM) against Gram-positive bacteria such as Listeria monocytogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium and Staphylococcus aureus. More importantly, these compounds were found to be active against multi-resistant strains such as vancomycin-, methicillin- and daptomycin-resistant strains. Finally, it was found that antimicrobial activities are closely related to physicochemical properties and are also influenced by the nature of the carbohydrate moiety.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Enterococcus faecalis/efectos de los fármacos , Enterococcus faecium/efectos de los fármacos , Glucósidos/química , Listeria monocytogenes/efectos de los fármacos , Éteres Metílicos/química , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Daptomicina/farmacología , Resistencia a Múltiples Medicamentos/efectos de los fármacos , Enterococcus faecalis/crecimiento & desarrollo , Enterococcus faecium/crecimiento & desarrollo , Infecciones por Bacterias Grampositivas/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por Bacterias Grampositivas/microbiología , Humanos , Listeria monocytogenes/crecimiento & desarrollo , Listeriosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Listeriosis/microbiología , Meticilina/farmacología , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/microbiología , Staphylococcus aureus/crecimiento & desarrollo , Vancomicina/farmacologíaRESUMEN
A general, transition-metal-free, highly stereoselective cross-coupling reaction between glycosyl bromides and various arylzinc reagents leading to ß-arylated glycosides is reported. The stereoselectivity of the reaction is explained by invoking anchimeric assistance via a bicyclic intermediate. Stereochemical probes confirm the participation of the 2-pivaloyloxy group. Finally, this new method was applied to a short and efficient stereoselective synthesis of Dapagliflozin and Canagliflozin.
