RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) children have experienced higher otitis media (OM) outpatient visit rates than other US children. To understand recent trends, we evaluated AI/AN OM rates before and after 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction. METHODS: We analyzed outpatient visits listing OM as a diagnosis among AI/AN children <5 years of age from the Indian Health Service National Patient Information Reporting System for 2010-2013. OM outpatient visits for the general US child population <5 years of age were analyzed using the National Ambulatory Medical Care and National Hospital Ambulatory Care Surveys for 2010-2011. RESULTS: The 2010-2011 OM-associated outpatient visit rate for AI/AN children (63.5 per 100/year) was similar to 2010-2011 rate for same-age children in the general US population (62.8) and decreased from the 2003 to 2005 AI/AN rate (91.4). Further decline in AI/AN OM visit rates was seen for 2010-2011 to 2012-2013 (P < 0.0001). The AI/AN infant OM visit rate (130.5) was 1.6-fold higher than the US infant population. For 2010-2011, the highest AI/AN OM visit rate for <5 year olds was from Alaska (135.0). CONCLUSIONS: AI/AN <5-year-old OM visits declined by one third from 2003-2005 to 2010-2011 to a rate similar to the US general population <5 years. However, the AI/AN infant OM rate remained higher than the US infant population. The highest AI/AN <5-year-old OM rate occurred in Alaska.
Asunto(s)
/estadística & datos numéricos , Indígenas Norteamericanos/estadística & datos numéricos , Ventilación del Oído Medio , Otitis Media , Vacunas Neumococicas , Vacunación/estadística & datos numéricos , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Ventilación del Oído Medio/estadística & datos numéricos , Ventilación del Oído Medio/tendencias , Otitis Media/epidemiología , Otitis Media/cirugía , Estados Unidos/epidemiologíaAsunto(s)
Enfermedades Endémicas , Indígenas Norteamericanos/estadística & datos numéricos , Tos Ferina/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Alaska/epidemiología , Bordetella pertussis/aislamiento & purificación , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Vacuna contra la Tos Ferina/administración & dosificación , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Vacunación/estadística & datos numéricos , Tos Ferina/etnología , Tos Ferina/microbiología , Tos Ferina/prevención & controlRESUMEN
An outbreak of Ebola virus disease (Ebola) began in Guinea in December 2013 and has continued through September 2015. Health care workers (HCWs) in West Africa are at high risk for Ebola infection owing to lack of appropriate triage procedures, insufficient equipment, and inadequate infection control practices. To characterize recent epidemiology of Ebola infections among HCWs in Guinea, national Viral Hemorrhagic Fever (VHF) surveillance data were analyzed for HCW cases reported during January 1December 31, 2014. During 2014, a total of 162 (7.9%) of 2,210 laboratory-confirmed or probable Ebola cases among Guinean adults aged ≥15 years occurred among HCWs, resulting in an incidence of Ebola infection among HCWs 42.2 times higher than among non-HCWs. The disproportionate burden of Ebola infection among HCWs taxes an already stressed health infrastructure, underscoring the need for increased understanding of transmission among HCWs and improved infection prevention and control measures to prevent Ebola infection among HCWs.
Asunto(s)
Brotes de Enfermedades , Ebolavirus/aislamiento & purificación , Personal de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Fiebre Hemorrágica Ebola/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Profesionales/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Notificación de Enfermedades , Femenino , Mapeo Geográfico , Guinea/epidemiología , Fiebre Hemorrágica Ebola/epidemiología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedades Profesionales/epidemiología , Factores de Tiempo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Quarantine Stations distribute select lifesaving drug products that are not commercially available or are in limited supply in the United States for emergency treatment of certain health conditions. Following a retrospective analysis of shipment records, the authors estimated an average of 6.66 hours saved per shipment when drug products were distributed from quarantine stations compared to a hypothetical centralized site from CDC headquarters in Atlanta, GA. This evaluation supports the continued use of a decentralized model which leverages CDC's regional presence and maximizes efficiency in the distribution of lifesaving drugs.
Asunto(s)
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. , Urgencias Médicas , Tratamiento de Urgencia/métodos , Sistemas de Medicación , Cuarentena/métodos , Reserva Estratégica , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S./organización & administración , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S./estadística & datos numéricos , Control de Formularios y Registros , Humanos , Sistemas de Medicación/organización & administración , Sistemas de Medicación/estadística & datos numéricos , Modelos Organizacionales , Evaluación de Programas y Proyectos de Salud , Reserva Estratégica/métodos , Reserva Estratégica/organización & administración , Factores de Tiempo , Transportes , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Quarantine Stations distribute select lifesaving drug products that are not commercially available or are in limited supply in the United States for emergency treatment of certain health conditions. Following a retrospective analysis of shipment records, the authors estimated an average of 6.66 hours saved per shipment when drug products were distributed from quarantine stations compared to a hypothetical centralized site from CDC headquarters in Atlanta, GA. This evaluation supports the continued use of a decentralized model which leverages CDC's regional presence and maximizes efficiency in the distribution of lifesaving drugs.
