RESUMEN
The objective was to assess the role of pathological changes in cerebral hemodynamics in obstructive sleep apnea comorbid obesity patients in premature aging. Concentric-eccentric remodeling of the common carotid artery wall, hyperconstrictor variant of cerebral angiopathy, depletion of compensatory mechanisms of cerebral blood flow autoregulation, restriction of hemodynamic reserve with narrowing of the «corridor¼ of admissible changes in cerebral perfusion in patients with respiratory disturbances comorbid obesity. The biological age of sleep apnea patients exceeded the passport age by 41,3%, and comorbid patients by 49,6%. The most significant predictors of premature aging in both groups are cerebral hemodynamic indicators, reflecting the structural and geometric characteristics of the vessels, in particular, the thickness of the intima-media complex of the common carotid artery, as well as microvasculature reactivity indicators. In comorbid individuals, an additional marker of early aging may be the cerebral blood flow index. Patients with sleep apnea and obesity are characterized by accelerated rates of aging. Indicators of cerebral hemodynamics can be considered as markers of premature aging.
Asunto(s)
Envejecimiento Prematuro , Obesidad/complicaciones , Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño/complicaciones , Arterias Carótidas , Grosor Intima-Media Carotídeo , Circulación Cerebrovascular , Comorbilidad , HumanosRESUMEN
MyD88 adapter-like (Mal)-deficient mice displayed increased susceptibility to oral but not intraperitoneal infection with Salmonella Typhimurium. Bone marrow chimeras demonstrated that mice with Mal-deficient non-hematopoietic cells were more susceptible to infection, indicating a role for Mal in non-myeloid cells. We observed perturbed barrier function in Mal(-/-) mice, as indicated by reduced electrical resistance and increased mucosa blood permeability following infection. Altered expression of occludin, Zonula occludens-1, and claudin-3 in intestinal epithelia from Mal(-/-) mice suggest that Mal regulates tight junction formation, which may in part contribute to intestinal integrity. Mal interacted with several protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms in a Caco-2 model of intestinal epithelia and inhibition of Mal or PKC increased permeability and bacterial invasion via a paracellular route, while a pan-PKC inhibitor increased susceptibility to oral infection in mice. Mal signaling is therefore beneficial to the integrity of the intestinal barrier during infection.
Asunto(s)
Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Proteína Quinasa C/metabolismo , Receptores de Interleucina-1/metabolismo , Animales , Línea Celular , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Mucosa Intestinal/inmunología , Mucosa Intestinal/microbiología , Intestinos/inmunología , Intestinos/microbiología , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/deficiencia , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/genética , Ratones , Ratones Noqueados , Permeabilidad , Unión Proteica , Transporte de Proteínas , Receptores de Interleucina-1/deficiencia , Receptores de Interleucina-1/genética , Infecciones por Salmonella/genética , Infecciones por Salmonella/inmunología , Infecciones por Salmonella/metabolismo , Infecciones por Salmonella/microbiología , Salmonella typhimurium/inmunología , Transducción de Señal , Proteínas de Uniones Estrechas/genética , Proteínas de Uniones Estrechas/metabolismoRESUMEN
We carried out 24 hour Holter ECG monitoring in 106 women with hypertension in the period of premenopause and in late fertile period with altered hormonal background. Comparative analysis of character and structure of dysrhythmias showed that supraventricular premature beats including rapid and allorhythmic extrasystoles were more often registered among premenopausal women than among patients in fertile period. Same tendencies took place concerning frequency of ventricular rhythm disturbances (in most cases I grade II-IV ventricular extrasystoles). Comparative analysis of dysrhythmias in premenopausal and fertile hypertensive women with normal left ventricular geometry and with hypertrophic type of remodeling showed that both supraventricular and ventricular rhythm disturbances were significantly more often registered in hypertrophic variants of left ventricular remodeling, especially in premenopausal women.
Asunto(s)
Arritmias Cardíacas/complicaciones , Periodo Fértil , Ventrículos Cardíacos/fisiopatología , Hipertensión/complicaciones , Premenopausia , Disfunción Ventricular Izquierda/complicaciones , Remodelación Ventricular/fisiología , Adulto , Arritmias Cardíacas/epidemiología , Arritmias Cardíacas/fisiopatología , Presión Sanguínea , Ecocardiografía , Electrocardiografía Ambulatoria , Femenino , Frecuencia Cardíaca , Ventrículos Cardíacos/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Hipertensión/epidemiología , Hipertensión/fisiopatología , Incidencia , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Federación de Rusia/epidemiología , Disfunción Ventricular Izquierda/epidemiología , Disfunción Ventricular Izquierda/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
Results of ultrasound study of 230 premenopausal women with I-II stage essential hypertension (EH) in relation to functional state of endothelium of peripheral arteries are presented. Endothelial dysfunction in hypertensive premenopausal women can be one of factors contributing to remodeling of left cardiac chamber. Women with EH and endothelial dysfunction compared with those with conserved vascular endothelial function more often had hypertrophic variants of left ventricular myocardial remodeling (mostly of concentric type). Premenopausal women with EH had diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle with impairment of both its rigidity and active relaxation, more pronounced in the presence of dysfunction of endothelium of peripheral vessels.
Asunto(s)
Arteria Braquial/fisiopatología , Endotelio Vascular/fisiopatología , Hipertensión/fisiopatología , Premenopausia/fisiología , Disfunción Ventricular Izquierda/etiología , Remodelación Ventricular/fisiología , Presión Sanguínea/fisiología , Arteria Braquial/diagnóstico por imagen , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Hipertensión/complicaciones , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Factores de Riesgo , Ultrasonografía , Disfunción Ventricular Izquierda/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
The effect of stress factors (small doses of radiation and maximum temperatures in the econiche of the tested plants (tmax)) as well as aging on pea seeds, both acting independently and in combination, is estimated. Here we evaluate the influence of oxidizing stress on pea seeds in the laboratory (gamma-irradiated with 7 cGy at 0.3-19.1 cGy/h, tmax approximately 30-32 degrees C) and on natural plantain seeds collected in a 30-km zone of NPP (radiation exposure approximately 15 R/h, tmax approximately 38-40 degrees C). We have mathematically modeled CAs frequencies in root seedlings meristeme by invoking an enhancing factor transmitted from cell to cell. It is shown under the stress conditions: 1) CA frequency decreases whereas the fraction of inviable seeds (IS) increases, the dependence of IS on CA frequency being inversed; 2) a stimulation of proliferation of cell was observed; 3) a bystander effect appears; 4) antioxidative status (AOS) of seeds influences on adaptation on the all levels of the organization; 5) IS increases up to 73-80% under the combined effect of radiation and heat stresses.
Asunto(s)
Calor , Meristema/efectos de la radiación , Pisum sativum/efectos de la radiación , Centrales Eléctricas , Semillas/efectos de la radiación , Efecto Espectador , Relación Dosis-Respuesta en la Radiación , Rayos gamma , Meristema/citología , Mitosis , Modelos Teóricos , Estrés Oxidativo , Pisum sativum/citología , Dosis de Radiación , Federación de Rusia , Semillas/citología , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Titer of antibodies to microorganisms obtained from wound and blood of 46 patients with burns of IIIAB--IV degree was studied. The majority of the burned patients have ability to synthesize antibodies. Agglutination of the bacteria by antibodies promoted location of infectious agent in primary focus and impeded bacteria to spread into blood and generalization of process. Not all microorganisms of wound provoke antibodies synthesis, i.e. wound infection. Therefore bacteriologic study must be supplemented by serum diagnosis. Detection of bacteria in the blood without serologic data do not permit to consider these bacteria as etiologic factor of wound infection.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones Bacterianas/sangre , Infecciones Bacterianas/inmunología , Quemaduras/inmunología , Infección de Heridas/sangre , Infección de Heridas/inmunología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/sangre , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/inmunología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
Long-term and severe pyonecrotic processes in diabetic patients testify to severe disorders of immune system in this disease. High titer of antibodies to tested autostrain demonstrated its etiologic role in infectious process. The study group consisted of 29 patients (with diabetic pyonecrotic foot lesions), control group--17 patients with burns of III a, b--IV stage affecting from 20 to 60% of body surface. In diabetic patients antibodies titer to the most encountered infectious agents Staphilococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeroginosa was lower than in burn patients with immunity deficiency. Decrease of antibodies titer in diabetic patients testifies to high insufficiency of B-immunity.
Asunto(s)
Quemaduras/inmunología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/inmunología , Pie Diabético/inmunología , Pierna , Adolescente , Adulto , Quemaduras/patología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/complicaciones , Pie Diabético/etiología , Pie Diabético/microbiología , Femenino , Humanos , Pierna/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Necrosis , Infecciones por Pseudomonas/microbiología , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/microbiologíaRESUMEN
The results of the determination of radionuclide and chemical (multielement analysis) soil pollution are presented. The data on antioxidant status of plantain (Plantago major L.) in conjunction with the data on radionuclide and chemical pollution are analyzed. The most significant decrease in antioxidant activity of plant seeds was observed in areas situated along the most frequent wind direction in the region in summer 1998. It is suggested that lower antioxidant status is caused by the chronic radionuclide release on the chemically polluted territories.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/efectos de la radiación , Industria Química , Plantago/efectos de los fármacos , Plantago/efectos de la radiación , Plantas Medicinales , Centrales Eléctricas , Semillas/efectos de los fármacos , Semillas/efectos de la radiación , Contaminantes Radiactivos del Suelo/análisis , Contaminantes del Suelo/análisis , Antioxidantes/análisis , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Plantago/química , Federación de Rusia , Semillas/química , VientoRESUMEN
Electron microscopical and electron radioautographic methods have been used for morphological examination. This allowed to raise sensitivity of the tests facilitating detection of living solitary bacterial cells (by intensive mark above them). Radioautography showed functional status of wound bacteria (the intensity of the metabolism and reproduction). It was determined that in living tissues, not damaged by the burn and unchanged morphologically bacteria do not penetrate. Especially massive accumulations of the microorganisms are found in necrotic tissues, under the scab, at the external border of demarcation protuberance, and they represent colonization of the wound. When modern methods of treatment and early necrectomy are used, morphological examination usually does not reveal pathogenic microorganisms. Only inflammatory reaction of the wound tissues could be seen: oedema, hyperemia, hemorrhages, cellular infiltrates. The development of granulation tissue indicated cessation of wound infection. Especially favourable feature, demonstrating healing of the wound, was appearance and reproduction of young cells of fat tissue (indusion of labelled thymidine). The results of the study have confirmed the advantage of new electronic methods for microscopy in infected burn wounds.
Asunto(s)
Bacterias/ultraestructura , Quemaduras/patología , Infección de Heridas/patología , Autorradiografía , Bacterias/crecimiento & desarrollo , Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación , Quemaduras/microbiología , Recuento de Colonia Microbiana , Humanos , Pronóstico , Cicatrización de Heridas , Infección de Heridas/microbiologíaRESUMEN
Clinical and bacteriological efficacies of vancomycin (Edicin, LEK) in the treatment of 17 patients with wound infection and 13 patients with thermal affections were studied. The clinical efficacy in the group of the patients with purulent wounds of the soft tissues amounted to 94.1 per cent and that in the patients with thermal affections was 92.3 per cent. The bacteriological effect was recorded in 86.6 per cent of the patients with purulent wounds of the soft tissues and in 69.3 per cent of the patients with burn infections. The drug intolerability was observed in two cases.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Quemaduras/tratamiento farmacológico , Piel/lesiones , Traumatismos de los Tejidos Blandos/tratamiento farmacológico , Vancomicina/uso terapéutico , Infección de Heridas/tratamiento farmacológico , Adulto , Anciano , Antibacterianos/efectos adversos , Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación , Quemaduras/complicaciones , Quemaduras/microbiología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Piel/microbiología , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Vancomicina/efectos adversos , Infección de Heridas/microbiologíaRESUMEN
Results of clinical trial of new difluoroquinolone--Sparflo (sparfloxacin, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd) are presented. Sparfloxacin was used in the treatment of 24 patients at the Department of Wounds and Wounds infections (11 patients) and at the Department of burn wounds (13 patients) of the A.V. Vishnevsky Institute of Surgery. After the treatment with sparfloxacin pathogen eradication was stated in 18 patients, eradication with superinfection--in 13 patients, persistence--in 3 patients. Thus bacteriological efficacy amounted to 87.5 per cent. Pharmacokinetic data demonstrates long-term sparfloxacin circulation in the organism of patients with burns--elimination half-life amounted to 20 hours. Overall after the sparfloxacin use the favourable clinical effect was stated in 100 per cent patients--18 patients (75%) had clinical cure and 6 (25%)--clinical improvement. The drug tolerance was good. It is concluded that clinical and laboratory investigation demonstrated high efficacy of sparfloxacin (Sparflo, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd) in the treatment of patients with skin and tissue wounds of different localization and genesis, complicated with infections.
Asunto(s)
Antiinfecciosos/uso terapéutico , Quemaduras/tratamiento farmacológico , Fluoroquinolonas , Infecciones de los Tejidos Blandos/tratamiento farmacológico , Infección de la Herida Quirúrgica/tratamiento farmacológico , Acinetobacter/efectos de los fármacos , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Antiinfecciosos/farmacocinética , Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Quemaduras/microbiología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Proteus mirabilis/efectos de los fármacos , Infecciones de los Tejidos Blandos/microbiología , Staphylococcus/efectos de los fármacos , Infección de la Herida Quirúrgica/microbiologíaRESUMEN
The experience with lomefloxacin and ofloxacin respectively in the complex therapy of 26 and 40 patients with burns is described. The drugs were shown to be highly active in the treatment of burn wound infections and infectious complications of burn disease. The clinical efficacy of lomefloxacin and ofloxacin amounted to 88 and 77.5 per cent and the bacteriological efficacy amounted to 81 and 80 per cent respectively.
Asunto(s)
Antiinfecciosos/uso terapéutico , Quemaduras/tratamiento farmacológico , Fluoroquinolonas , Ofloxacino/uso terapéutico , Infecciones por Pseudomonas/tratamiento farmacológico , Quinolonas/uso terapéutico , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Adolescente , Adulto , Antiinfecciosos/efectos adversos , Antiinfecciosos/farmacocinética , Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Quemaduras/microbiología , Farmacorresistencia Microbiana , Resistencia a Múltiples Medicamentos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Ofloxacino/administración & dosificación , Ofloxacino/farmacocinética , Ofloxacino/farmacología , Infecciones por Pseudomonas/microbiología , Quinolonas/efectos adversos , Quinolonas/farmacocinética , Quinolonas/farmacología , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/microbiologíaAsunto(s)
Hemoglobinas/metabolismo , Hierro/metabolismo , Infecciones por Pseudomonas/patología , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/crecimiento & desarrollo , Animales , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Hemoglobinas/farmacología , Hierro/farmacología , Infecciones por Pseudomonas/microbiología , Infecciones por Pseudomonas/fisiopatología , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efectos de los fármacos , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/metabolismo , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/patogenicidad , RatasRESUMEN
The results of the clinical and laboratory study of the efficacy of the prophylactic and therapeutic use of cefodizime (modivid) in patients with chronic calculous cholecystitis and burns are presented. Expediency of the preoperative prophylactic use of the drug and its significance in the treatment of infectious complications of the burn disease were verified. The immunological investigation gave evidence of an increase of the phagocytosis functional activity when cefodizime (modivid) was used prophylactically in cholecystectomy.
Asunto(s)
Profilaxis Antibiótica , Quemaduras/tratamiento farmacológico , Cefotaxima/análogos & derivados , Resistencia a las Cefalosporinas , Cefalosporinas/uso terapéutico , Infección de la Herida Quirúrgica/prevención & control , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Formación de Anticuerpos/efectos de los fármacos , Quemaduras/inmunología , Quemaduras/microbiología , Cefotaxima/administración & dosificación , Cefotaxima/uso terapéutico , Cefalosporinas/administración & dosificación , Colecistitis/complicaciones , Colecistitis/inmunología , Colecistitis/cirugía , Colelitiasis/complicaciones , Colelitiasis/inmunología , Colelitiasis/cirugía , Recuento de Colonia Microbiana , Humanos , Inmunidad Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Infección de la Herida Quirúrgica/inmunología , Infección de la Herida Quirúrgica/microbiologíaRESUMEN
We describe two types of models. In the first one it is assumed that regulation of enzyme activity occurs by the product of the enzyme reaction. In the second it is assumed that concomitant action of ligand occurs on at least two targets with opposite effects (dual-action model). Kinetic analysis of models of the first type shows that homeostatic response with respect to the key metabolite of the receptor-enzyme system is possible only if the enzyme kinetics are described by the equation of zero order. In 'dual-action' models, the homeostatic behavior of the system is defined by the mechanisms of compensation of the ligand primary effect.
Asunto(s)
Enzimas/metabolismo , Homeostasis , Receptores de Superficie Celular/metabolismo , Cinética , Modelos BiológicosRESUMEN
A theoretical kinetic model describing the behavior of a receptor-enzyme system during formation of drug addiction is considered in this article. The model assumes concomitant action of narcotic on at least two targets with opposite effects. Theoretical kinetic principles that the system must satisfy for the development of drug addiction are formulated. These kinetic principles are the slow inactivation of receptor-enzyme system and the divergence of characteristic times of dynamic concentration of product and enzyme.
Asunto(s)
Enzimas/metabolismo , Receptores Opioides/metabolismo , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/metabolismo , Cinética , Modelos Biológicos , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/enzimologíaRESUMEN
Nitazole, a drug from the nitrotiazole group, was shown to be active in vitro against bacteroides, peptococci, peptostreptococci, clostridia, staphylococci, colibacilli and streptococci. By its activity and antibacterial spectrum nitazole had some advantages over metronidazole, a drug from the nitroimidazole group. Experimental study of nitazole aerosole formulation in 4 models of purulent wounds of rabbits infected by Bacteroides fragilis, B. melaninogenicus, Clostridium perfringens 27 and Staphylococcus aureus 209P revealed its high therapeutic efficacy. In the treatment of 37 patients with purulent wounds of the soft tissues including 12 cases isolating anaerobic microbes, the clinical process of the acute suppuration in all the patients at the average reduced to the 5th-7th day. By the data of the bacteriological and cytological examinations the wound surface was ready for putting in stitches or free perforated cutaneous graft by the 10th-12th day. The drug tolerance was good. No adverse reaction were observed under the nitazole dressing in any case during the treatment of the wounds.