Planar Chiral Charge-Transfer Cyclophanes: Convenient Synthesis, Circularly Polarized Light-Responsive Photothermal Conversion and Supramolecular Chiral Assembly.

We report herein a series of macrocycles in which the densely π-stacked charge-transfer (CT) donor/acceptor with naphthalenediimides (NDIs) or perylene diimide (PDI) as acceptor moiety pairing various donor moieties are locked by covalent bond. The X-ray crystallography of C8BDT-NDI reveals a short intramolecular π-stacking distance around 3.4 Å and the existence of intermolecular donor/acceptor π-stacking (3.7 Å). The intramolecular CT is highly dependent on the electron-donating ability of donor moiety and replacing carbazole (C8KZ) with benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene (C8BDT) or dihydroindolo[3,2-b]indole (C8DN) redshift CT absorption into NIR region. Notably, both C8BDT-NDI and C8DN-NDI demonstrate excellent photothermal performance, which is a result of the active non-radiative pathways. Interestingly, the different molecular symmetry between donor and acceptor moiety endows C8BDT-NDI and C8DN-NDI with intrinsic planar chirality. The enantiomeric C8BDT-NDI shows chiral selectivity for incident light, i.e., when irradiated by left-circularly polarized light, (R)-C8BDT-NDI is more sensitive and a higher maximum stable temperature is achieved. While, enantiomeric C8DN-NDI pack with different orientations forming M- and P-handedness helix, respectively, demonstrating molecular planar chirality being transferred and amplified through molecular assembly. These results provide insight into the intramolecular charge transfer in enforced D/A π-stacks in which CT interactions and planar chirality would be engineered through structural control.

Uniform Phase Permutation of Efficient Ruddlesden-Popper Perovskite Solar Cells via Binary Spacers and Single Crystal Coordination.

2D Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites (RPPs) have attracted extensive attention in recent years due to their excellent environmental stability. However, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of RPP solar cells is much lower than that of 3D perovskite solar cells (PSCs), mainly attributed to their poor carrier transport performance and excessive heterogeneous phases. Herein, the binary spacers (n-butylammonium, BA and benzamidine, PFA) are introduced to regulate the crystallization kinetics and n-value phase distribution to form uniform phase permutation of RPP films. The study then incorporates n = 5 BA2MA4Pb5I16 memory single crystal to achieve ultrafast stepped-type carrier transport from the low n-value phases to the high n-value phases in the high-quality (BA0.75PFA0.25)2MA4Pb5I16 films. These binary spacers and single-crystal-assisted crystallization strategies produce high-quality films, leading to fast carrier extraction and significant nonradiative recombination suppression. The resulting PSC presents a champion PCE of 21.15% with an impressive open circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.26 V, which is the record high efficiency and VOC for low n-value RPP solar cells (n ≤ 5).

Bioinformatics-based drug repositioning and prediction of the main active ingredients and potential mechanisms of action for the efficacy of Dan-Lou tablet.

Drug repositioning is gaining attention as a method for developing new drugs due to its low cost, short cycle time, and high success rate. One important approach is to explore new uses for already marketed drugs. In this study, we utilized the strategy of drug repositioning, focusing on the Dan-Lou tablet. We predicted the efficacy of Dan-Lou tablet against non-small cell lung cancer based on gene expression similarity and verified it by in vitro experiments. Next, we performed further analysis and validation using network pharmacology, molecular docking and molecular dynamics. Based on the results, it was concluded that Dan-Lou tablet mainly acted through nine compounds, Quercetin, Luteolin, Scoparone, Isorhamnetin, Eugenol, Genistein, Coumestrol, Hederagenin, Succinic Acid, and mainly targeted CCL2, FEN1, TPI1, RMI2 by six pathways. This discovery not only provides a new idea for the development of Dan-Lou tablet but also provides useful predictive information for clinical treatment. The method we adopted has great development prospects as a way to predict the efficacy of new drugs and their main mechanisms of action, and it has a positive impact on the research and development of new drugs using drug repositioning and the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine.

CircRAPGEF5 acts as a modulator of RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling during colorectal carcinogenesis.

Mutations in oncogenes such as KRAS, NRAS and BRAF promote the growth and survival of tumors, while excessive RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK activation inhibits tumor growth. In this study we examined the precise regulatory machinery that maintains a moderate RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway activation during CRC. Here, using bioinformatic analysis, transcriptomic profiling, gene silencing and cellular assays we discovered that a circular RNA, circRAPGEF5, is significantly upregulated in KRAS mutant colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. CircRAPGEF5 suppressed mutant and constitutively activated KRAS and the expression of the death receptor TNFRSF10A. Silencing of circRAPGEF5-induced RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling hyperactivation and apoptosis in CRC cells suggesting that an upregulation of circRAPEF5 may suppress the expression of TNFRSF10A and aid CRC progression by preventing apoptosis, while the direct interactions between circRAPGEF5 and elements of the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway was not identified, which nevertheless can be the basis for future research. Moreover, EIF4A3, was observed to share a similar expression pattern with circRAPEF5 and demonstrated to be a major controller of circRAPGEF5 via the promotion of circRAPGEF5 circularization and its silencing reduced circRAPGEF5 levels. Taken together, our findings reveal a mechanism of accurate RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling regulation during CRC progression maintained by upregulation of circRAPGEF5 which may be a plausible target for future clinical applications that seek to induce CRC cell apoptosis via the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway.

Talc as Dynamic Zincophilic Sites Enables Highly Reversible Zinc Metal Anodes.

Zinc (Zn) dendrite growth poses a significant challenge to the reversibility of zinc metal anodes (ZMAs). Traditional methods using fixed zincophilic sites often suffer from coverage issues and deactivation over time or under high areal capacities. To address this, we introduced Talc into a conventional ZnSO4-based electrolyte (BE + Talc), which acts as a dynamic zincophilic site. Talc effectively adsorbs and carries Zn2+ in the electrolyte, facilitating their co-deposition at the anode. After deposition, Talc re-enters the electrolyte, maintaining its functionality and counteracting the deactivation of static zincophilic sites. This approach resulted in a Zn-Zn symmetric cell using BE + Talc, achieving stable cycling for 200 h under rigorous conditions of 10 mA cm-2 and 5 mAh cm-2. Additionally, the Zn-Cu half-cell demonstrated over 1200 stable cycles at 5 mA cm-2 and 1 mAh cm-2. The Zn-NH4V4O10 full cell with Talc cycled for 200 cycles under practical conditions (4.5 mg cm-2, 10 µm Zn foil, and N/P ratio of 3.4) achieved a capacity retention rate of 82.7%. This study highlights the drawbacks of conventional zincophilic sites and presents an effective solution for achieving highly reversible ZMAs.

2D compounds with heterolayered architecture for infrared photodetectors.

Compounds with heterolayered architecture, as a family of two-dimensional (2D) materials, are composed of alternating positive and negative layers. Their physical properties are determined not only by the charged constituents, but also by the interaction between the two layers. This kind of material has been widely used for superconductivity, thermoelectricity, energy storage, etc. In recent years, heterolayered compounds have been found as an encouraging choice for infrared photodetectors with high sensitivity, fast response, and remarkable reliability. In this review, we summarize the research progress of heterolayered materials for infrared photodetectors. A simple development history of the materials with three-dimensional (3D) or 2D structures, which are suitable for infrared photodetectors, is introduced firstly. Then, we compare the differences between van der Waals layered 2D materials and heterolayered 2D cousins and explain the advantages of heterolayered 2D compounds. Finally, we present our perspective on the future direction of heterolayered 2D materials as an emerging class of materials for infrared photodetectors.

Hydroxylated TiO2-induced high-density Ni clusters for breaking the activity-selectivity trade-off of CO2 hydrogenation.

The reverse water gas shift reaction can be considered as a promising route to mitigate global warming by converting CO2 into syngas in a large scale, while it is still challenging for non-Cu-based catalysts to break the trade-off between activity and selectivity. Here, the relatively high loading of Ni species is highly dispersed on hydroxylated TiO2 through the strong Ni and -OH interactions, thereby inducing the formation of rich and stable Ni clusters (~1 nm) on anatase TiO2 during the reverse water gas shift reaction. This Ni cluster/TiO2 catalyst shows a simultaneous high CO2 conversion and high CO selectivity. Comprehensive characterizations and theoretical calculations demonstrate Ni cluster/TiO2 interfacial sites with strong CO2 activation capacity and weak CO adsorption are responsible for its unique catalytic performances. This work disentangles the activity-selectivity trade-off of the reverse water gas shift reaction, and emphasizes the importance of metal-OH interactions on surface.

Multifunctional Human-Computer Interaction System Based on Deep Learning-Assisted Strain Sensing Array.

Continuous and reliable monitoring of gait is crucial for health monitoring, such as postoperative recovery of bone joint surgery and early diagnosis of disease. However, existing gait analysis systems often suffer from large volumes and the requirement of special space for setting motion capture systems, limiting their application in daily life. Here, we develop an intelligent gait monitoring and analysis prediction system based on flexible piezoelectric sensors and deep learning neural networks with high sensitivity (241.29 mV/N), quick response (66 ms loading, 87 ms recovery), and excellent stability (R2 = 0.9946). The theoretical simulations and experiments confirm that the sensor provides exceptional signal feedback, which can easily acquire accurate gait data when fitted to shoe soles. By integrating high-quality gait data with a custom-built deep learning model, the system can detect and infer human motion states in real time (the recognition accuracy reaches 94.7%). To further validate the sensor's application in real life, we constructed a flexible wearable recognition system with human-computer interaction interface and a simple operation process for long-term and continuous tracking of athletes' gait, potentially aiding personalized health management, early detection of disease, and remote medical care.

Manipulation of Zn Deposition Behavior to Achieve High-Rate Aqueous Zinc Batteries via High Valence Zirconium Ions.

Aqueous zinc ion batteries are excellent energy storage devices with high safety and low cost. However, the corrosion reaction and zinc dendrite formation occurring on the surface of zinc anodes are hindering their further development. To solve the problems, zirconium acetate (ZA) was used as an electrolyte additive in the ZnSO4 electrolyte. Attributing to the higher electro-positivity of Zr4+ than Zn2+, these high valence metal cations preferentially adsorb onto the surface of metallic zinc, shielding parasitic reactions between zinc and electrolyte, reshaping the electric field distribution, and directing preferential homogeneous deposition of Zn-ions on the Zn (002) crystal plane. Furthermore, the adsorption of Zr4+ on the Zn metal after electrochemical cycles can enhance the energy barrier of zinc atom diffusion, resulting in high resistance of corrosion and manipulation of the Zn2+ nucleation configuration. Attributing to these properties, the Zn//Zn symmetric cell with an electrolyte additive of ZA was able to cycle for 400 h under an extremely high current density of 40 mA cm-2 with an area capacity of 2 mAh cm-2. Meanwhile, the MnO2//Zn coin cell still had 81.7 mAh g-1 (85% retention of capacity) after 850 cycles under a current density of 1 A g-1.

Generation of an infectious cDNA clone for NADC30-like PRRSV.

The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a highly significant infectious disease that poses a substantial threat to the global pig industry. In recent years, the NADC30-like strain has gradually emerged as prevalent in China, causing a profound impact on the country's pig farming industry. Therefore, it is important to conduct an in-depth study on the characteristics and gene functions of the NADC30-like strain. An infectious cDNA clone is an indispensable tool for investigating the functions of viral genes. In this current study, we successfully isolated a NADC30-like strain and constructed its full-length infectious cDNA clone. The utilization of this clone will facilitate our investigation into the viral replication, pathogenesis, and immune response associated with the PRRSV NADC30-like strain.

Synthesis of Multifunctional Organic Molecules via Michael Addition Reaction to Manage Perovskite Crystallization and Defect.

Additive engineering plays a pivotal role in achieving high-quality light-absorbing layers for high-performance and stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Various functional groups within the additives exert distinct regulatory effects on the perovskite layer. However, few additive molecules can synergistically fulfill the dual functions of regulating crystallization and passivating defects. Here, we custom-synthesized 2-ureido-4-pyrimidone (UPy) organic small molecules with diverse functional groups as additives to modulate crystallization and defects in perovskite films via the Michael addition reaction. Theoretical and experimental investigations demonstrate that the -OH groups in UPy exhibit significant effects in fixing uncoordinated Pb2+ ions, passivation of lead-iodide antisite defects, alleviating hysteresis, and reducing non-radiative recombination. Furthermore, the enhanced C=O and -NH2 motifs interact with the A-site cation via hydrogen bonding, which relieves residual strain and adjusts crystal orientation. This strategy effectively controls perovskite crystallization and passivates defects, ultimately enhancing the quality of perovskite films. Consequently, the open-circuit voltage of the UPy-based p-i-n PSCs reaches 1.20 V, and the fill factor surpasses 84%. The champion device delivers a power conversion efficiency of 25.75%. Remarkably, the unencapsulated device maintained 96.9% and 94.5% of its initial efficiency following 3,360 hours of dark storage and 1,866 hours of 1-sun illumination, respectively.

Nanoscale phase management of the 2D/3D heterostructure toward efficient perovskite solar cells.

The stabilization of the formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) structure is pivotal for the development of efficient photovoltaic devices. Employing two-dimensional (2D) layers to passivate the three-dimensional (3D) perovskite is essential for maintaining the α-phase of FAPbI3 and enhancing the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the role of bulky ligands in the phase management of 2D perovskites, crucial for the stabilization of FAPbI3, has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we synthesized nanoscale 2D perovskite capping crusts with  = 1 and 2 Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) perovskite layers, respectively, which form a type-II 2D/3D heterostructure. This heterostructure stabilizes the α-phase of FAPbI3, and facilitates ultrafast carrier extraction from the 3D perovskite network to transport contact layer. We introduced tri-fluorinated ligands to mitigate defects caused by the halide vacancies and uncoordinated Pb2+ ions, thereby reducing nonradiative carrier recombination and extending carrier lifetime. The films produced were incorporated into PSCs that not only achieved a PCE of 25.39% but also maintained 95% of their initial efficiency after 2000 h of continuous light exposure without encapsulation. These findings underscore the effectiveness of a phase-pure 2D/3D heterostructure-terminated film in inhibiting phase transitions passivating the iodide anion vacancy defects, facilitating the charge carrier extraction, and boosting the performance of optoelectronic devices.

Mechanisms of minor pole-mediated spindle bipolarization in human oocytes.

Spindle bipolarization, the process of a microtubule mass transforming into a bipolar spindle, is a prerequisite for accurate chromosome segregation. In contrast to mitotic cells, the process and mechanism of spindle bipolarization in human oocytes remains unclear. Using high-resolution imaging in more than 1800 human oocytes, we revealed a typical state of multipolar intermediates that form during spindle bipolarization and elucidated the mechanism underlying this process. We found that the minor poles formed in multiple kinetochore clusters contribute to the generation of multipolar intermediates. We further determined the essential roles of HAUS6, KIF11, and KIF18A in spindle bipolarization and identified mutations in these genes in infertile patients characterized by oocyte or embryo defects. These results provide insights into the physiological and pathological mechanisms of spindle bipolarization in human oocytes.

Global burden of gynaecological cancers in 2022 and projections to 2050.

Background: The incidence and mortality of gynaecological cancers can significantly impact women's quality of life and increase the health care burden for organisations globally. The objective of this study was to evaluate global inequalities in the incidence and mortality of gynaecological cancers in 2022, based on The Global Cancer Observatory (GLOBOCAN) 2022 estimates. The future burden of gynaecological cancers (GCs) in 2050 was also projected. Methods: Data regarding to the total cases and deaths related to gynaecological cancer, as well as cases and deaths pertaining to different subtypes of GCs, gathered from the GLOBOCAN database for the year 2022. Predictions for the number of cases and deaths in the year 2050 were derived from global demographic projections, categorised by world region and Human Development Index (HDI). Results: In 2022, there were 1 473 427 new cases of GCs and 680 372 deaths. The incidence of gynecological cancer reached 30.3 per 100 000, and the mortality rate hit 13.2 per 100 000. The age-standardised incidence of GCs in Eastern Africa is higher than 50 per 100 000, whereas the age-standardised incidence in Northern Africa is 17.1 per 100 000. The highest mortality rates were found in East Africa (ASMR (age-standardised mortality rates) of 35.3 per 100 000) and the lowest in Australia and New Zealand (ASMR of 8.1 per 100 000). These are related to the endemic areas of HIV and HPV. Very High HDI countries had the highest incidence of GCs, with ASIR (age-standardised incidence rates) of 34.8 per 100 000, and low HDI countries had the second highest incidence rate, with an ASIR of 33.0 per 100 000. Eswatini had the highest incidence and mortality (105.4 per 100 000; 71.1 per 100 000) and Yemen the lowest (5.8 per 100 000; 4.4 per 100 000). If the current trends in morbidity and mortality are maintained, number of new cases and deaths from female reproductive tract tumours is projected to increase over the next two decades. Conclusions: In 2022, gynaecological cancers accounted for 1 473 427 new cases and 680 372 deaths globally, with significant regional disparities in incidence and mortality rates. The highest rates were observed in Eastern Africa and countries with very high and low HDI, with Eswatini recording the most severe statistics. If current trends continue, the number of new cases and deaths from gynaecological cancers is expected to rise over the next two decades, highlighting the urgent need for effective interventions.

Evolution of therapeutic strategy based on oxidant-antioxidant balance for fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy.

Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) stands as the most prevalent primary corneal endothelial dystrophy worldwide, posing a significant risk to corneal homeostasis and clarity. Corneal endothelial cells exhibit susceptibility to oxidative stress, suggesting a nuanced relationship between oxidant-antioxidant imbalance and FECD pathogenesis, irrespective of FECD genotype. Given the constrained availability of corneal transplants, exploration into non-surgical interventions becomes crucial. This encompasses traditional antioxidants, small molecule compounds, biologics, and diverse non-drug therapies, such as gene-related therapy, hydrogen therapy and near infrared light therapy. This review concentrates on elucidating the mechanisms behind oxidant-antioxidant imbalance and the evolution of strategies to restore oxidant-antioxidant balance in FECD. It provides a comprehensive overview of both conventional and emerging therapeutic approaches, offering valuable insights for the advancement of non-surgical treatment modalities. The findings herein might establish a robust foundation for future research and the therapeutic strategy of FECD.

Operational application of Fengyun geostationary meteorological satellites to cloud observation products.

Cloud products from geostationary satellites are the main alternative to surface synoptic cloud observations (SYNOP), and have become the baseline products for the development and construction of the Quality Management System (QMS) of integrated meteorological observation in China. This study addresses the needs of the China Meteorological Administration (CMA) for such an operational reform, and it is carried out using real-time observations obtained from the Fengyun-2E (FY-2E) geostationary satellite in 2012 to derive cloud total amount and classification using two different methods. Compared to surface SYNOP observations, the cloud total amount estimated by FY-2E is generally significantly lower (about 30% lower on average). The cloud classification resulting from the two methods used in this study is also significantly different from the classification obtained from surface observations (difference between 22 and 32%). The difference is smaller for the classification method, which uses additional auxiliary temperature profiles.

Subsurface Single-Atom Catalyst Enabled by Mechanochemical Synthesis for Oxidation Chemistry.

Single-atom catalysts have garnered significant attention due to their exceptional atom utilization and unique properties. However, the practical application of these catalysts is often impeded by challenges such as sintering-induced instability and poisoning of isolated atoms due to strong gas adsorption. In this study, we employed the mechanochemical method to insert single Cu atoms into the subsurface of Fe2O3 support. By manipulating the location of single atoms at the surface or subsurface, catalysts with distinct adsorption properties and reaction mechanisms can be achieved. It was observed that the subsurface Cu single atoms in Fe2O3 remained isolated under both oxidation and reduction environments, whereas surface Cu single atoms on Fe2O3 experienced sintering under reduction conditions. The unique properties of these subsurface single-atom catalysts call for innovations and new understandings in catalyst design.

Cuproptosis, the novel type of oxidation-induced cell death in thoracic cancers: can it enhance the success of immunotherapy?

Copper is an important metal micronutrient, required for the balanced growth and normal physiological functions of human organism. Copper-related toxicity and dysbalanced metabolism were associated with the disruption of intracellular respiration and the development of various diseases, including cancer. Notably, copper-induced cell death was defined as cuproptosis which was also observed in malignant cells, representing an attractive anti-cancer instrument. Excess of intracellular copper leads to the aggregation of lipoylation proteins and toxic stress, ultimately resulting in the activation of cell death. Differential expression of cuproptosis-related genes was detected in normal and malignant tissues. Cuproptosis-related genes were also linked to the regulation of oxidative stress, immune cell responses, and composition of tumor microenvironment. Activation of cuproptosis was associated with increased expression of redox-metabolism-regulating genes, such as ferredoxin 1 (FDX1), lipoic acid synthetase (LIAS), lipoyltransferase 1 (LIPT1), dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLD), drolipoamide S-acetyltransferase (DLAT), pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 subunit alpha 1 (PDHA1), and pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 subunit beta (PDHB)). Accordingly, copper-activated network was suggested as an attractive target in cancer therapy. Mechanisms of cuproptosis and regulation of cuproptosis-related genes in different cancers and tumor microenvironment are discussed in this study. The analysis of current findings indicates that therapeutic regulation of copper signaling, and activation of cuproptosis-related targets may provide an effective tool for the improvement of immunotherapy regimens.

One-Year-Old Precocious Chinese Mitten Crab Identification Algorithm Based on Task Alignment.

The cultivation of the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) is an important component of China's aquaculture industry and also a field of concern worldwide. It focuses on the selection of high-quality, disease-free juvenile crabs. However, the early maturity rate of more than 18.2% and the mortality rate of more than 60% make it difficult to select suitable juveniles for adult culture. The juveniles exhibit subtle distinguishing features, and the methods for differentiating between sexes vary significantly; without training from professional breeders, it is challenging for laypersons to identify and select the appropriate juveniles. Therefore, we propose a task-aligned detection algorithm for identifying one-year-old precocious Chinese mitten crabs, named R-TNET. Initially, the required images were obtained by capturing key frames, and then they were annotated and preprocessed by professionals to build a training dataset. Subsequently, the ResNeXt network was selected as the backbone feature extraction network, with Convolutional Block Attention Modules (CBAMs) and a Deformable Convolution Network (DCN) embedded in its residual blocks to enhance its capability to extract complex features. Adaptive spatial feature fusion (ASFF) was then integrated into the feature fusion network to preserve the detailed features of small targets such as one-year-old precocious Chinese mitten crab juveniles. Finally, based on the detection head proposed by task-aligned one-stage object detection, the parameters of its anchor alignment metric were adjusted to detect, locate, and classify the crab juveniles. The experimental results showed that this method achieves a mean average precision (mAP) of 88.78% and an F1-score of 97.89%. This exceeded the best-performing mainstream object detection algorithm, YOLOv7, by 4.17% in mAP and 1.77% in the F1-score. Ultimately, in practical application scenarios, the algorithm effectively identified one-year-old precocious Chinese mitten crabs, providing technical support for the automated selection of high-quality crab juveniles in the cultivation process, thereby promoting the rapid development of aquaculture and agricultural intelligence in China.

Predictive value of bile acids as metabolite biomarkers for gallstone disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The profiles of bile acids (BAs) in patients with gallstone disease (GSD) have been found to be altered markedly though in an inconsistent pattern. This study aims to characterize the variation of the BA profiles in GSD patients, thereby to discover the potential metabolite biomarkers for earlier detection of GSD. METHODS: Literature search of eight electronic database in both English and Chinese was completed on May 11, 2023. The qualitative and quantitative reviews were performed to summarize the changes of BA profiles in GSD patients compared with healthy subjects. The concentrations of BAs were adopted as the primary outcomes and the weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were generated by random-effects meta-analysis models. RESULTS: A total of 30 studies were enrolled which included 2313 participants and reported the 39 BAs or their ratios. Qualitative review demonstrated serum Taurocholic Acid (TCA), Glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA), Glycocholic acid (GCA), Taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA), Glycodeoxycholic acid (GDCA) and Deoxycholic acid (DCA) were significantly increased in GSD patients compared with healthy subjects. Meta analysis was performed in 16 studies and showed that serum Total BAs (TBA) (WMD = 1.36µmol/L, 95%CI = 0.33; 2.4) was elevated however bile TBA (WMD = -36.96mmol/L, 95%CI = -52.32; -21.6) was declined in GSD patients. GCA (WMD = 0.83µmol/L, 95%CI = 0.06; 1.6) and TCA (WMD = 0.51µmol/L; 95%CI = 0.18; 0.85) were both increased in serum sample; TCDCA (WMD = 2.64mmol/L, 95%CI = 0.16; 5.12) was rising, however GCDCA (WMD = -13.82mmol/L, 95%CI = -21.86; -5.78) was falling in bile sample of GSD patients. The level of serum DCA in the GSD patients was found to be increased by using chromatography, yet decreased by chromatography mass spectrometry. CONCLUSION: The profiles of BAs demonstrated distinctive changes in GSD patients compared with healthy control subjects. Serum GCA, TCA and GCDCA, as the typically variant BAs, presented as a potential marker for earlier diagnosis of GSD, which could facilitate early prophylactic intervention. Yet, further validation of these biomarkers by longitudinal studies is still warranted in the future. PROSPERO registration number CRD42022339649.