Enhancing the nonlinear rheological property and digestibility of mung bean flour gels using controlled microwave treatments: Effect of starch debranching and protein denaturation.

In this study, we examined the possibility of using industrial microwave processing to enhance the gelling properties and reduce the starch digestibility of mung bean flour (MBF). MBF (12.6 % moisture) was microwaved at a power of 6 W/g to different final temperatures (100-130 °C), and then its structural and functional properties were characterized. The microwave treatment had little impact on the crystalline structure or amylose content of the starch, but it roughened the starch granule surfaces and decreased the short-range ordered structure and degree of branching. In addition, the extent of mung bean protein denaturation caused by the microwave treatment depended on the final temperature. Slightly denaturing the proteins (100 °C) did not affect the nature of the gels (protein phase dispersed in a starch phase) but the gel network became more compact. Moderately denaturing the proteins (110-120 °C) led to more compact and homogeneous starch-protein double network gels. Excessive protein denaturation (130 °C) caused the gel structure to become more heterogeneous. As a result, the facilitated tangles between starch chains by more linear starch molecules after debranching, and the protein network produced by moderate protein denaturation led to the formation of stronger gel and the improvement of plasticity during large deformation (large amplitude oscillatory shear-LAOS). Starch recrystallization, lipid complexion, and protein network retard starch digestion in the MBF gels. In conclusion, an industrial microwave treatment improved the gelling and digestive properties of MBF, and Lissajous curve has good adaptability in characterizing the viscoelasticity of gels under large deformations.

Effect of preheating-induced denaturation of proteins and oleosomes on the structure of protein and soymilk properties.

In this paper, effects of preheating-induced denaturation of proteins and oleosomes on protein structure and soymilk quality were studied. The protein in soybeans baked at 55 °C (B-55) and 85 °C (B-85) showed an increase of ß-sheet content by 3.2 % and a decrease of α-helix content by 3.3 %, indicating that proteins were gradually unfolded while oleosomes remained intact. The protein resisted thermal denaturation during secondary heating, and soymilks were stable as reflected by a small d3,2 (0.4 µm). However, raw soymilk from soybeans baked at 115 °C (B-115), steamed for 1 min (ST-1) and 5 min (ST-5) presented oleosomes destruction and lipids aggregates. The proteins were coated around the oil aggregates. The ß-turn content from soybeans steamed for 10 min (ST-10) increased by 9.5 %, with a dense network where the OBs were tightly wrapped, indicating the serious protein denaturation. As a result, the soymilks B-115 or steamed ones were unstable as evidenced by the serious protein aggregation and larger d3,2 (5.65-12.48 µm). Furthermore, the soymilks were graininess and the protein digestion was delayed due to the formation of insoluble protein aggregates. The flavor and early-stage lipid digestion of soymilk from steamed soybeans was improved owing to lipid release.

Trim27 aggravates airway inflammation and oxidative stress in asthmatic mice via potentiating the NLRP3 inflammasome.

Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory disease, yet understanding its ecology and pathogenesis remains a challenge. Trim27, a ubiquitination ligase belonging to the TRIM (tripartite motif-containing) family, has been implicated in regulating multiple pathophysiological processes such as inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and cell proliferation. However, the role of Trim27 in asthma has not been investigated. Our study found that Trim27 expression significantly increases in the airway epithelium of asthmatic mice. Knockdown of Trim27 expression effectively relieved ovalbumin (OVA)-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and lung tissue histopathological changes. Moreover, Trim27 knockdown exhibited a significant reduction in airway inflammation and oxidative stress in asthmatic mice, and in vitro analysis confirmed the favorable effect of Trim27 deletion on inflammation and oxidative stress in mouse airway epithelial cells. Furthermore, our study revealed that deletion of Trim27 in MLE12 cells significantly decreased NLRP3 inflammasome activation, as evidenced by reduced expression of NLRP3, ASC, and pro-IL-1ß mRNA. This downregulation was reversed when Trim27, but not its mutant lacking ubiquitination ligase activity, was replenished in these cells. Consistent with these findings, protein levels of NLRP3, pro-caspase-1, pro-IL-1ß, cleaved-caspase-1, and cleaved-IL-1ß were higher in Trim27-replenished cells compared to cells expressing Trim27C/A. Functionally, the downregulation of IL-1ß and IL-18 levels induced by Trim27 deletion was rescued by replenishing Trim27. Overall, our findings provide evidence that Trim27 contributes to airway inflammation and oxidative stress in asthmatic mice via NLRP3 inflammasome activation, providing crucial insights into potential therapeutic interventions targeting Trim27 as a way to treat asthma.

Effect of curcumin nanoparticles on proliferation and migration of mouse airway smooth muscle cells and airway inflammatory infiltration.

Curcumin (CUR) possesses the capability to inhibit various inflammatory factors, exert anti-inflammatory effects, and alleviate asthma attacks; however, its hydrophobicity and instability significantly impede its clinical application. In this study, we synthesized CUR-loaded nanoparticles (CUR-NPs) and evaluated their impact on the proliferation, migration, and inflammatory infiltration of mouse airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs), while investigating their underlying mechanisms. To achieve this objective, ASMCs were isolated from BALB/c mice and subjected to TGF-ß1-induced cell proliferation and migration. Our findings demonstrate that CUR-NPs effectively regulate the release of CUR within cells with superior intracellular uptake compared to free CUR. The CCK-8 assay results indicate that the blank carrier does not exhibit any cytotoxic effects on cells, thus rendering the impact of the carrier itself negligible. The TGF-ß1 group exhibited a significant increase in cell proliferation, whereas treatment with CUR-NPs significantly suppressed TGF-ß1-induced cell proliferation. The findings from both the cell scratch assay and transwell assay demonstrated that TGF-ß1 substantially enhanced cell migration, while CUR-NPs treatment effectively attenuated TGF-ß1-induced cell migration. The Western blot analysis demonstrated a substantial increase in the expression levels of TGF-ß1, p-STAT3, and CTGF in ASMCs following treatment with TGF-ß1 when compared to the control group. Nevertheless, this effect was effectively counteracted upon administration of CUR-NPs. Furthermore, an asthma mouse model was successfully established and CUR-NPs were administered through tail vein injection. The serum levels of TGF-ß1 and the expression levels of TGF-ß1, p-STAT3, and CTGF proteins in the lung tissue of mice in the model group exhibited significant increases compared to those in the control group. However, CUR-NPs treatment effectively attenuated this change. Our research findings suggest that CUR-NPs possess inhibitory effects on ASMC proliferation, migration, and inflammatory infiltration by suppressing activation of the TGF-ß1/p-STAT3/CTGF signaling pathway, thereby facilitating inhibition of airway remodeling.

Expression of genes related to gonadal development and construction of gonadal DNA methylation maps of Trachinotus blochii under hypoxia.

Chronic hypoxia can affect the growth and metabolism of fish and potentially impact gonadal development through epigenetic regulation. Trachinotus blochii (Golden pompano) is widely cultured near the coast and is sensitive to low oxygen conditions. We found that hypoxia and reoxygenation processes acted on multiple targets on the HPG axis, leading to endocrine disorders. Changes in the expression of key genes in the brain (gnrh), pituitary (fsh and lh), ovaries (cyp19a1a, foxl2, and er), and testes (dmrt1, ar, sox9, and gsdf) were associated with significant decreases in estrogen and testosterone levels. Hypoxia and reoxygenation lead to changes in DNA methylation levels in the gonads. Hypoxia upregulated the expression of dnmt1, dnmt3a, dnmt3b, tet1, and tet2 in females and dnmt3a and dnmt3b in males, while reoxygenation down-regulated the expression of dnmt1, dnmt3a, dnmt3b, tet1, and tet2 in males. Whole genome methylation sequencing showed that the number of differentially methylated regions was highest on chromosome 10 (5192) and lowest on chromosome 24 (275). Differentially methylated genes in females and males, as well as between males and females, were enriched in the oxytocin signaling pathway, fatty acid metabolism pathway, and HIF-1a pathway. In summary, hypoxia and reoxygenation can induce endocrine disorders, affect the expression of HPG axis genes, change the methylation pattern and modification pattern of gonad DNA, and then have potential effects on gonad development.

Influence of transcatheter arterial embolization on symptom distress and fatigue in liver cancer patients.

BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent malignancy, and transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) has emerged as a pivotal therapeutic modality. However, TAE may induce symptom distress and fatigue, adversely affecting the quality of life of patients. AIM: To investigate symptom distress, fatigue, and associated factors in HCC patients undergoing TAE. METHODS: We used a cross-sectional design and purposive sampling to enroll HCC patients who underwent TAE at our institution from January to December 2022. Questionnaires were utilized to collect data on symptom distress and fatigue scores from the first to the third day after TAE. RESULTS: Our study revealed a significant reduction in fatigue and symptom distress among patients after TAE. Pain, fatigue, insomnia, fever and abdominal distension were the most common symptoms troubling patients during the first 3 d post-TAE. Marital status, presence of family support, physical functional status, age, and symptom distress were identified as predictors of fatigue in patients. CONCLUSION: Healthcare professionals should educate HCC patients on symptom distress and fatigue, offering personalized relief strategies to lessen their psychological burden.

Long-term outcomes of survivors with influenza A H1N1 virus-induced severe pneumonia and ARDS: a single-center prospective cohort study.

Introduction: Systematic evaluation of long-term outcomes in survivors of H1N1 is still lacking. This study aimed to characterize long-term outcomes of severe H1N1-induced pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Method: This was a single-center, prospective, cohort study. Survivors were followed up for four times after discharge from intensive care unit (ICU) by lung high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), pulmonary function assessment, 6-minute walk test (6MWT), and SF-36 instrument. Result: A total of 60 survivors of H1N1-induced pneumonia and ARDS were followed up for four times. The carbon monoxide at single breath (DLCO) of predicted values and the 6MWT results didn't continue improving after 3 months. Health-related quality of life didn't change during the 12 months after ICU discharge. Reticulation or interlobular septal thickening on HRCT did not begin to improve significantly until the 12-month follow-up. The DLCO of predicted values showed negative correlation with the severity degree of primary disease and reticulation or interlobular septal thickening, and a positive correlation with physical functioning. The DLCO of predicted values and reticulation or interlobular septal thickening both correlated with the highest tidal volume during mechanical ventilation. Levels of fibrogenic cytokines had a positive correlation with reticulation or interlobular septal thickening. Conclusion: The improvements in pulmonary function and exercise capacity, imaging, and health-related quality of life had different time phase and impact on each other during 12 months of follow-up. Long-term outcomes of pulmonary fibrosis might be related to the lung injury and excessive lung fibroproliferation at the early stage during ICU admission.

Establishment and characterization of a golden pompano (Trachinotus blochii) fin cell line for applications in marine fish pathogen immunology.

Pompano fishes have been widely farmed worldwide. As a representative commercial marine species of the Carangidae family, the golden pompano (Trachinotus blochii) has gained significant popularity in China and worldwide. However, because of rapid growth and high-density aquaculture, the golden pompano has become seriously threatened by various diseases. Cell lines are the most cost-effective resource for in vitro studies and are widely used for physiological and pathological research owing to their accessibility and convenience. In this study, we established a novel immortal cell line, GPF (Golden pompano fin cells). GPF has been passaged over 69 generations for 10 months. The morphology, adhesion and extension processes of GPF were evaluated using light and electron microscopy. GPF cells were passaged every 3 days with L-15 containing 20 % fetal bovine serum (FBS) at 1:3. The optimum conditions for GPF growth were 28 °C and a 20 % FBS concentration. DNA sequencing of 18S rRNA and mitochondrial 16S rRNA confirmed that GPF was derived from the golden pompano. Chromosomal analysis revealed that the number pattern of GPF was 48 chromosomes. Transfection experiments demonstrated that GPF could be utilized to express foreign genes. Furthermore, heavy metals (Cd, Cu, and Fe) exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity against GPF. After polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) treatment, transcription of the retinoic acid-inducible gene I-like receptor (RLR) pathway genes, including mda5, mita, tbk1, irf3, and irf7 increased, inducing the expression of interferon (IFN) and anti-viral proteins in GPF cells. In addition, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation up-regulated the expression of inflammation-related factors, including myd88, irak1, nfκb, il1ß, il6, and cxcl10 expression. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on the immune response signaling pathways of the golden pompano using an established fin cell line. In this study, we describe a preliminary investigation of the GPF cell line immune response to poly I:C and LPS, and provide a more rapid and efficient experimental material for research on marine fish immunology.

Do Religion and Spirituality Buffer the Effect of Childhood Trauma on Depressive Symptoms? Examination of a South Asian Cohort from the USA.

Asian Americans have been identified as a racial group that is disproportionately affected by childhood trauma. The goal of this study was  to assess if religion/spirituality moderate the effects of childhood trauma on adult depressive symptoms among a sample of South Asians in the USA. Our analysis drew from the study on stress, spirituality, and health (SSSH) questionnaire fielded in the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) study (n = 990) during 2016-2018. A series of regression models with multiplicative interaction terms were conducted. Emotional neglect, emotional abuse, and physical neglect were associated with higher depressive symptoms. Higher religious attendance and negative religious coping techniques were found to exacerbate this relationship. There were two findings conditional on gender. Among men, gratitude and positive religious coping also exacerbated the relationship between childhood trauma and depressive symptoms. Negative religious coping also exacerbated the association between childhood trauma and depressive symptoms for women. This is the first community-based study of US South Asians to consider the association between various forms of childhood trauma and depressive symptom outcomes. South Asians remain an understudied group in the religion and health literature, and this study sheds light on the important differences in the function and effectiveness of religion/spirituality for those faced with early life trauma.

Size Effects of Au/Ni-Coated Polymer Particles on the Electrical Performance of Anisotropic Conductive Adhesive Films under Flexible Mechanical Conditions.

In soft electronics, anisotropic conductive adhesive films (ACFs) are the trending interconnecting approach due to their substantial softness and superior bondability to flexible substrates. However, low bonding pressure (≤1 MPa) and fine-pitch interconnections of ACFs become challenging while being extended in advanced device developments such as wafer-level packaging and three-dimensional multi-layer integrated circuit board assembly. To overcome these difficulties, we studied two types of ACFs with distinct conductive filler sizes (ACF-1: ~20 µm and ACF-2: ~5 µm). We demonstrated a low-pressure thermo-compression bonding technique and investigated the size effect of conductive particles on ACF's mechanical properties in a customized testing device, which consists of flexible printing circuits and Flex on Flex assemblies. A consistency of low interconnection resistance (<1 Ω) after mechanical stress (cycling bending test up to 600 cycles) verifies the assembly's outstanding electrical reliability and mechanical stability and thus validates the great effectiveness of the ACF bonding technique. Additionally, in numerical studies using the finite element method, we developed a generic model to disclose the size effect of Au/Ni-coated polymer fillers in ACF on device reliability under mechanical stress. For the first time, we confirmed that ACFs with smaller filler particles are more prone to coating fracture, leading to deteriorated electrical interconnections, and are more likely to peel off from substrate electrode pads resulting in electrical faults. This study provides guides for ACF design and manufacturing and would facilitate the advancement of soft wearable electronic devices.

Homeobox Protein BarH-like 1 Promotes Gastric Cancer Progression by Activating Coiled-Coil Domain-Containing Protein 178.

BACKGROUND: Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 178 (CCDC178) has been revealed to exert metastasis-promoting properties in hepatocellular carcinoma, whereas its function in gastric cancer (GC) has not been fully understood. AIMS: We evaluated its role in GC and the molecular mechanism. METHODS: The differentially expressed genes in datasets related to GC metastasis were intersected with survival-related genes in GC, followed by prognostic significance prediction. Loss- and gain-of-function assays were conducted to examine the involvement of CCDC178, Homeobox protein BarH-like 1 (BARX1), and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway in GC cell malignant phenotype and the polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM). The corresponding functions were verified in the in vivo animal experiment. RESULTS: High CCDC178 expression predicted a poor prognosis for GC patients, and CCDC178 correlated significantly with macrophage infiltration in GC tissues. CCDC178 activated the ERK pathway in GC. Silencing of CCDC178 reduced the colony formation, migratory and invasive potential of GC cells, and the M2-like polarization of TAM, which was reversed by TBHQ (an ERK activator). BARX1 bound to the promoter region of CCDC178, thus inducing its transcriptional level. Silencing of BARX1 suppressed the M2-type polarization of TAM in vitro and in vivo, and CCDC178 mitigated the repressing role of BARX1 knockdown. CONCLUSIONS: BARX1 activates the transcription of CCDC178 to induce the ERK pathway, thereby supporting macrophage recruitment and M2-like polarization in GC.

Tetrahydrocurcumin Protects Against GSK3ß/PTEN/PI3K/Akt-Mediated Neuroinflammatory Responses and Microglial Polarization Following Traumatic Brain Injury.

Tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) and microglial polarization play crucial roles in neuroprotection during traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, whether THC regulates microglial polarization in TBI is unknown. Thus, we intended to analyze the functions and mechanism of THC in nerve injury after TBI via the regulation of microglial polarization. A TBI rat model was established, and modified neurological function score (mNSS), brain water content, Nissl staining, and Fluoro-Jade B (FJB) staining were used to evaluate neurological function. The expression of the M1-linked markers CD16 and CD86, as well as the M2-associated markers CD206 and YM-1, was analyzed via qRT-PCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence. The levels of inflammatory cytokines were assessed via ELISA. Primary microglia were isolated from the brain and treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce injury. TUNEL staining was used to measure primary microglial apoptosis. The expression of GSK3ß, PTEN, and PI3K/Akt pathway proteins was detected via western blotting. TBI induced nerve injury, while THC improved neurological function recovery after TBI. Further analysis indicated that THC enhanced M2 microglial polarization and attenuated the inflammatory reaction mediated by microglia both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we found that THC promoted the M2 microglial phenotype through upregulating GSK3ß expression. Additionally, we proved that GSK3ß activated the PI3K/Akt pathway by phosphorylating PTEN. In conclusion, we demonstrated that THC protected against nerve injury after TBI via microglial polarization via the GSK3B/PTEN/PI3K/Akt signaling axis, suggesting the potential of THC for TBI treatment by promoting microglial M2 polarization.

Low-Shear Stress Promotes Atherosclerosis via Inducing Endothelial Cell Pyroptosis Mediated by IKKε/STAT1/NLRP3 Pathway.

Atherosclerosis is initiated by vascular endothelial dysfunction, and low-shear stress (LSS) of blood flow is a key factor leading to endothelial dysfunction. Growing evidence suggests that endothelial cell pyroptosis plays an important role in the development of atherosclerosis. Studies have shown that low-shear stress can induce endothelial cell pyroptosis, but the exact mechanism remains unclear. Our experiments demonstrated that low-shear stress induced endothelial cell pyroptosis and the phosphorylation of IκB kinase ε (IKKε). IKKε knockdown not only significantly attenuated atherosclerosis lesions of aortic arch areas in ApoE-/- mice fed with high cholesterol diets, but also markedly reduced endothelial cell pyroptosis and NLRP3 expression triggered by low-shear stress. Further mechanism studies showed that IKKε promoted the expression of NLRP3 via activating signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) and the subsequent binding of STAT1 to NLRP3 promoter region. These results suggest that low-shear stress plays a pro-atherosclerotic role by promoting endothelial cell pyroptosis through the IKKε/STAT1/NLRP3 pathway, which provides new insights into the formation of atherosclerosis.

Detection of monosodium urate depositions and atherosclerotic plaques in the cardiovascular system by dual-energy computed tomography.

Aim: The study aimed to explore the relationship between urate deposition and surrounding atherosclerotic plaques, and to confirm the contribution of urate deposition to the development of coronary atherosclerosis. Methods and results: The present study employed Dual-energy CT (DECT) material separation technology through calcium score scan to access the presence of MSU crystal deposition in coronary atherosclerotic plaques in patients with clinically suspected coronary heart diseases undergoing DECT. DECT showed that among 872 patients, 441 had plaques in coronary arteries; the incidence of plaque was 50.6 %. The patients were divided in the atherosclerotic plaque vs. non-plaque groups. There were significant differences in age, sex, blood pressure, blood glucose, serum creatinine, and history of gout and hyperuricemia between the plaque and non-plaque groups (all P < 0.05). Among the patients with coronary plaques, there were 348 patients (78.9 %) with simple atherosclerotic plaque (AP), 8 (1.8 %) with simple urate depositions (UD), and 85 (19.3 %) with urate depositions and atherosclerotic plaques (UDAP). The multivariable analysis showed that urate deposition was independently associated with plaques after adjustment for age, sex, blood pressure, blood glucose, serum creatinine, history of gout, and history of hyperuricemia (OR = 13.69, 95%CI: 7.53-22.95, P = 0.035). UPAP patients had significantly higher coronary calcium scores than AP patients [210.1 (625.2) AU vs 58.2 (182.5) AU, P < 0.001] Urate deposition (16.7 mm3) positively correlated with plaque calcification (73.8 mm³) in UPAP patients (r = 0.325, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Patients with gout or a history of hyperuricemia were more likely to exhibit UDAP. Urate deposition was independently associated with plaques.

Identification of colon cancer subtypes based on multi-omics data-construction of methylation markers for immunotherapy.

Background: Being the most widely used biomarker for immunotherapy, the microsatellite status has limitations in identifying all patients who benefit in clinical practice. It is essential to identify additional biomarkers to guide immunotherapy. Aberrant DNA methylation is consistently associated with changes in the anti-tumor immune response, which can promote tumor progression. This study aims to explore immunotherapy biomarkers for colon cancers from the perspective of DNA methylation. Methods: The related data (RNA sequencing data and DNA methylation data) were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and UCSC XENA database. Methylation-driven genes (MDGs) were identified through the Pearson correlation analysis. Unsupervised consensus clustering was conducted using these MDGs to identify distinct clusters of colon cancers. Subsequently, we evaluated the immune status and predicted the efficacy of immunotherapy by tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (Tide) score. Finally, The Quantitative Differentially Methylated Regions (QDMR) software was used to identify the specific DNA methylation markers within particular clusters. Results: A total of 282 MDGs were identified by integrating the DNA methylation and RNA-seq data. Consensus clustering using the K-means algorithm revealed that the optimal number of clusters was 4. It was revealed that the composition of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) in Cluster 1 was significantly different from others, and it exhibited a higher level of tumor mutation burdens (TMB) and stronger anti-tumor immune activity. Furthermore, we identified three specific hypermethylation genes that defined Cluster 1 (PCDH20, APCDD1, COCH). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves demonstrated that these specific markers could effectively distinguish Cluster 1 from other clusters, with an AUC of 0.947 (95% CI 0.903-0.990). Finally, we selected clinical samples for immunohistochemical validation. Conclusion: In conclusion, through the analysis of DNA methylation, consensus clustering of colon cancer could effectively identify the cluster that benefit from immunotherapy along with specific methylation biomarkers.

Predictive modeling for eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis: Nomogram and four machine learning approaches.

Eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS) is a distinct subset of chronic rhinosinusitis characterized by heightened eosinophilic infiltration and increased symptom severity, often resisting standard treatments. Traditional diagnosis requires invasive histological evaluation. This study aims to develop predictive models for ECRS based on patient clinical parameters, eliminating the need for invasive biopsy. Utilizing logistic regression with lasso regularization, random forest (RF), gradient-boosted decision tree (GBDT), and deep neural network (DNN), we trained models on common clinical data. The predictive performance was evaluated using metrics such as area under the curve (AUC) for receiver operator characteristics, decision curves, and feature ranking analysis. In a cohort of 437 eligible patients, the models identified peripheral blood eosinophil ratio, absolute peripheral blood eosinophil, and the ethmoidal/maxillary sinus density ratio (E/M) on computed tomography as crucial predictors for ECRS. This predictive model offers a valuable tool for identifying ECRS without resorting to histological biopsy, enhancing clinical decision-making.

Effect of Lactobacillus helveticus IMAUJBH1 on fat and volatile flavor substances in fermented mutton sausages.

The decomposition and oxidation of fat is essential for the formation and quality of the unique flavor of sausage. To explore the effect of lactic acid bacteria on fat decomposition and oxidation in fermented sausage, free fatty acids and volatile flavor compounds were determined by gas chromatography (GC) and headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME)-GC-MS, respectively. The results showed that the addition of Lactobacillus helveticus IMAUJBH1 inhibited fat peroxidation and relatively increased the proportion of monounsaturated fatty acids. A total of 47 volatile flavor compounds were detected, including aldehydes, esters, alcohols, and ketones. The content of substances such as hexanal, heptanal, nonanal and 1-octene-3-ol related to lipid oxidation was significantly reduced. The results obtained in this study show that the strain can further affect the flavor of the product by inhibiting the formation of lipid oxidation or peroxide flavor substances to a certain extent.

Exploring the nigrostriatal and digestive interplays in Parkinson's disease using dynamic total-body [11C]CFT PET/CT.

PURPOSE: Dynamic total-body imaging enables new perspectives to investigate the potential relationship between the central and peripheral regions. Employing uEXPLORER dynamic [11C]CFT PET/CT imaging with voxel-wise simplified reference tissue model (SRTM) kinetic modeling and semi-quantitative measures, we explored how the correlation pattern between nigrostriatal and digestive regions differed between the healthy participants as controls (HC) and patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS: Eleven participants (six HCs and five PDs) underwent 75-min dynamic [11C]CFT scans on a total-body PET/CT scanner (uEXPLORER, United Imaging Healthcare) were retrospectively enrolled. Time activity curves for four nigrostriatal nuclei (caudate, putamen, pallidum, and substantia nigra) and three digestive organs (pancreas, stomach, and duodenum) were obtained. Total-body parametric images of relative transporter rate constant (R1) and distribution volume ratio (DVR) were generated using the SRTM with occipital lobe as the reference tissue and a linear regression with spatial-constraint algorithm. Standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) at early (1-3 min, SUVREP) and late (60-75 min, SUVRLP) phases were calculated as the semi-quantitative substitutes for R1 and DVR, respectively. RESULTS: Significant differences in estimates between the HC and PD groups were identified in DVR and SUVRLP of putamen (DVR: 4.82 ± 1.58 vs. 2.58 ± 0.53; SUVRLP: 4.65 ± 1.36 vs. 2.84 ± 0.67; for HC and PD, respectively, both p < 0.05) and SUVREP of stomach (1.12 ± 0.27 vs. 2.27 ± 0.65 for HC and PD, respectively; p < 0.01). In the HC group, negative correlations were observed between stomach and substantia nigra in both the R1 and SUVREP values (r=-0.83, p < 0.05 for R1; r=-0.94, p < 0.01 for SUVREP). Positive correlations were identified between pancreas and putamen in both DVR and SUVRLP values (r = 0.94, p < 0.01 for DVR; r = 1.00, p < 0.001 for SUVRLP). By contrast, in the PD group, no correlations were found between the aforementioned target nigrostriatal and digestive areas. CONCLUSIONS: The parametric images of R1 and DVR generated from the SRTM model, along with SUVREP and SUVRLP, were proposed to quantify dynamic total-body [11C]CFT PET/CT in HC and PD groups. The distinction in correlation patterns of nigrostriatal and digestive regions between HC and PD groups identified by R1 and DVR, or SUVRs, may provide new insights into the disease mechanism.

USP36-mediated PARP1 deubiquitination in doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy.

Doxorubicin (Dox) is a potent antineoplastic agent, but its use is curtailed by severe cardiotoxicity, known as Dox-induced cardiomyopathy (DIC). The molecular mechanism underlying this cardiotoxicity remains unclear. Our current study investigates the role of Ubiquitin-Specific Protease 36 (USP36), a nucleolar deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB), in the progression of DIC and its mechanism. We found increased USP36 expression in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and H9C2 cells exposed to Dox. Silencing USP36 significantly mitigated Dox-induced oxidative stress injury and apoptosis in vitro. Mechanistically, USP36 upregulation positively correlated with Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) expression, and its knockdown led to a reduction in PARP1 levels. Further investigation revealed that USP36 could bind to and mediate the deubiquitination of PARP1, thereby increasing its protein stability in cardiomyocytes upon Dox exposure. Moreover, overexpression of wild-type (WT) USP36 plasmid, but not its catalytically inactive mutant (C131A), stabilized PARP1 in HEK293T cells. We also established a DIC model in mice and observed significant upregulation of USP36 in the heart. Cardiac knockdown of USP36 in mice using a type 9 recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV9)-shUSP36 significantly preserved cardiac function after Dox treatment and protected against Dox-induced structural changes within the myocardium. In conclusion, these findings suggest that Dox promotes DIC progression by activating USP36-mediated PARP1 deubiquitination. This novel USP36/PARP1 axis may play a significant regulatory role in the pathogenesis of DIC.

Large-scale mechanism hypothesis and research prospects of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia based on magnetic resonance imaging.

Cognitive impairments in schizophrenia are pivotal clinical issues that need to be solved urgently. However, the mechanism remains unknown. It has been suggested that cognitive impairments in schizophrenia are associated with connectome damage, and are especially relevant to the disrupted hub nodes in the frontal and parietal lobes. Activating the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) via repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) could result in improved cognition. Based on several previous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies on schizophrenia, we found that the first-episode patients showed connectome damage, as well as abnormal activation and connectivity of the DLPFC and inferior parietal lobule (IPL). Accordingly, we proposed that DLPFC-IPL pathway destruction might mediate connectome damage of cognitive impairments in schizophrenia. In the meantime, with the help of multimodal MRI and noninvasive neuromodulation tool, we may not only validate the hypothesis, but also find IPL as the potential intervention target for cognitive impairments in schizophrenia.