Thirteen years of experience with eslicarbazepine acetate in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland: A safety perspective.

OBJECTIVE: Eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL) is a once-daily oral antiseizure medication. Its safety and tolerability from clinical trials have been mostly confirmed by real-world data. The main purpose of this report is to provide an overview of the safety profile of ESL in the United Kingdom (UK) and Republic of Ireland (ROI). METHODS: Safety data were obtained from the UK and ROI post-marketing sources (October 2009-April 2022) by the marketing authorization holder. All individual reports were included in the Argus Safety™ database. All adverse events (AEs) were coded using MedDRA® version 24.1. Only valid cases (meeting the minimum pharmacovigilance reporting requirements) were included. RESULTS: During 13 years of ESL marketing, with cumulative estimated exposure of 2 210 395 patients-years, 183 reports were received. A total of 402 AEs were reported for the 155 valid reports. The most common reported AEs (≥6% of total reported), per system organ class (SOC), were: nervous system disorders (23.4%), injury, poisoning, and procedural complications (18.9%), general disorders and administration site conditions (12.9%), psychiatric disorders (12.7%) and gastrointestinal disorders (6.7%). The most frequently reported (≥2% of total reported) AEs were: seizure (4.5%), hyponatremia (4.2%), dizziness (2.7%), rash, fatigue (2.5% each), and somnolence (2.0%). Twenty-six percent of events were classified as serious (including six fatal cases). SIGNIFICANCE: The current analysis supports the known safety profile of ESL, as generally well-tolerated with most AEs being non-serious. The most common AEs were considered either expected according to the disease itself or to the reference safety information. ESL continues to be a relevant medication in the treatment of partial (focal-onset) epilepsy, as also confirmed by the 2022 NICE guidelines.

Perfil epidemiológico de 58 portadores de síndrome de Klippel-Trénaunay-Weber acompanhados no Ambulatório da Santa Casa de São Paulo / Epidemiological profile of 58 patients with Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome followed at Ambulatório da Santa Casa de São Paulo

CONTEXTO: A síndrome de Klippel-Trénaunay-Weber é uma doença rara sobre a qual encontramos poucos artigos na literatura (geralmente relatos de casos esporádicos relacionados a complicações). OBJETIVO: Avaliar o perfil epidemiológico dos portadores da referida síndrome. MÉTODOS: Foram copilados dados dos prontuários de 58 pacientes acompanhados no ambulatório de doenças linfáticas e angiodisplasias da disciplina de Cirurgia Vascular da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo. RESULTADOS: A distribuição foi igual entre homens e mulheres (30 homens e 28 mulheres). A idade média dos pacientes em tratamento foi de 12,8 anos. Na maioria dos casos, a doença foi diagnosticada na infância, sendo a mancha em vinho do porto o primeiro sinal notado pela família, no nascimento ou primeiro ano de vida. O sintoma mais referido foi a dor, normalmente relacionada aos sintomas de estase venosa, sendo o sintoma considerado debilitante. Pela classificação CEAP, encontramos as crianças nas classes C0 e C1 e a maioria dos adultos nas classes avançadas. Foi diagnosticada a presença de fístulas arteriovenosas em 8,5 por cento dos casos. Apenas 6,8 por cento referiram história familiar. CONCLUSÃO: A síndrome de Klippel-Trénaunay e a síndrome de Parkes Weber são apresentações diferentes de uma única enfermidade e podem ser estudadas conjuntamente como síndrome de Klippel-Trénaunay-Weber. O melhor momento para reconhecer os portadores e poder amenizar a progressão de insuficiência venosa, hipertrofia óssea e tecidos moles é a infância. O tratamento compressivo deve ser indicado a todos os portadores com o intuito de diminuir a evolução da doença venosa periférica.

BACKGROUND: Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome is a rare disorder about which there are few articles available (most of them are sporadic case reports related to complications). OBJECTIVE: To assess the epidemiological profile of patients with Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome. METHODS: Medical records of 58 patients followed at the lymphatic disease and angiodysplasia outpatient clinic for the discipline of Vascular Surgery at the School of Medical Sciences of Santa Casa de São Paulo were reviewed. RESULTS: The disorder affected males and females equally (30 males and 28 females). The mean age of patients under treatment was 12.8 years. In most cases, the syndrome had been diagnosed in childhood, with Port wine stain as the first sign noticed by the family at birth or during the first year of life. The most frequently reported symptom was debilitating pain usually associated with symptoms of venous stasis. The CEAP classification was C0 and C1 for younger patients and C4-C6 for most older patients. Arteriovenous fistulas were diagnosed in 8.5 percent of cases. Positive family history was reported by only 6.8 percent of patients. CONCLUSION: Klippel-Trenaunay and Parkes Weber syndromes are different presentations of a same disorder and they can be studied as one, Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome. Childhood is the optimal moment to identify affected patients and to reduce progression of venous insufficiency and bony and soft tissue hypertrophy. Compression should be indicated for all affected patients to reduce progression of peripheral venous disease.