RESUMEN
RESUMEN Introducción: una de las principales consecuencias de las enfermedades oncohematológicas es la aparición de desnutrición. Un estado nutricional subóptimo implica un empeoramiento de la calidad de vida del niño y una menor tasa de supervivencia lo que indica la necesidad de un mayor conocimiento por los pediatras y médicos de familia de los principios básicos sobre el tema. Objetivo: describir los aspectos relacionados con el manejo nutricional de los pacientes en edades pediátricas con enfermedades oncohematológicas. Métodos: se realizó una búsqueda de los principales artículos científicos de los últimos años, así como de la literatura impresa que incluye el tema, siendo seleccionados los contenidos más relevantes para la confección del informe final y contribuir a su utilización por los médicos que atienden estos enfermos. Resultados: el soporte nutricional especializado está indicado en pacientes con desnutrición, ingesta oral inferior al 70 % de sus requerimientos nutricionales durante tres días consecutivos y pacientes con complicaciones que comprometan el estado nutricional. Los tipos de soporte nutricional son la dieta oral, suplementación nutricional y nutrición artificial. La alimentación saludable aporta a cada individuo todos los alimentos necesarios para cubrir sus necesidades nutricionales, en las diferentes etapas de la vida. Conclusiones: La terapia nutricional aplicada al paciente oncológico consiste en corregir, tratar o prevenir los desequilibrios/carencias nutricionales con macronutrientes y micronutrientes, administrando fluidos, electrolitos y/o aplicando la nutrición parenteral o enteral, con el objetivo de mejorar el estado nutricional y la calidad de vida de los pacientes malnutridos o con riesgo de desnutrición.
ABSTRACT Introduction: one of the main consequences of oncohematological diseases is the appearance of malnutrition. A suboptimal nutritional status implies a worsening of the quality of life of child and a lower survival rate which indicates the need for increasing knowledge by pediatricians and family doctors of the basic principles that support the area under discussion. Objective: to describe the aspects related to the nutritional management of pediatric patients suffering from oncohematological diseases. Methods: a search of the main scientific articles published during the last years was performed, as well as of the printed literature that includes the topic, the most relevant contents for the preparation of the final report were revised, in order to contribute to the doctors who attend these sick children. Results: specialized nutritional support is indicated in patients with malnutrition, oral intake less than 70 % of their nutritional requirements for three consecutive days, and patients with complications that compromise their nutritional status. The types of nutritional support are oral diet, nutritional supplementation and artificial nutrition. Healthy eating provides each individual with all the necessary food to cover their nutritional needs in different stages of life. Conclusions: the nutrition therapy applied to cancer patients consists of correcting, treating or preventing imbalances, nutritional deficiencies with macronutrients and micronutrients, fluids intake, electrolytes and the application of parenteral or enteral nutrition, all these steps are aimed at improving the nutritional status and the quality of life of malnourished patients or at risk of malnutrition.
RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The usual endoscopic approach in the management of pineal region tumours consists of inserting the scope into the frontal horn of the lateral ventricle and advancing it through the foramen of Monro into the third ventricle. We report the case of a patient with a pineal tumour on whom we used an endoscopic approach through the ventricular atrium to obtain a biopsy by opening the choroidal fissure. CLINICAL CASE: This young 25-year-old man presented with headache and double vision. Papilloedema and Parinaud's syndrome were found on physical examination. Cranial magnetic resonance revealed a pineal mass and hydrocephalus. We initially performed a third ventriculostomy and a tumour biopsy through a frontal burr hole. The tissue sample was not useful for pathological diagnosis and we decided to perform a second endoscopic biopsy. CONCLUSIONS: The endoscopic approach to pineal region masses, reaching the ventricular atrium through a parietal burr hole and opening the choroidal fissure, makes it possible to take a biopsy using a single endoscopic approach without needing to cross other ventricular structures.
