[Ischaemic heart disease in cancer patients. Questions and problems]. / Ischaemiás szívbetegség és tumoros betegségek együttes elofordulása. Kérdések és problémák.

Cardiovascular and oncologic diseases are the causes of more than 50 percent of mortality in Europe. In 2015 oncologic and cardiovascular mortality reached 70 percent in Hungary. Patients who receive anticancer therapies are at a 2- to 7-fold greater long-term risk of acute coronary syndrome; also concomittant oncologic diseases further increase the mortality of myocardial infarction. Unfortunately there is not enough data concerning cardiovascular treatment of oncologic patients because they were excluded from most of the studies and registries. Because there is no clear protocol to treat such patients, only small studies and personal experiences could guide our medical therapies. The role of cardio-oncology is even more important, because due to the new treatments the number of tumor survivors rapidly increases. In the US more than 20 millions survivals are expected by 2025 who were treated by any kind of malignant tumors. It is not surprising that in 2014 the American Society of Cardiology declared cardio-oncology as a special and important field in cardiology, and in 2016 European Society of Cardiology released the first cardio-oncologic guideline. In this review we summarize questions and problems concerning the treatment of oncologic patient with ischaemic heart disease based on resent guidelines, published studies and local protocols. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(43): 1691-1697.

High on clopidogrel treatment platelet reactivity is frequent in acute and rare in elective stenting and can be functionally overcome by switch of therapy.

UNLABELLED: The benefit of adjusted antiplatelet therapy in patients with myocardial infarction after primary percutaneous coronary intervention is not well elucidated. We aimed to identify patients with high on treatment platelet reactivity and to gradually adjust antiplatelet therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We enrolled 133 acute myocardial infarction and 67 stable angina patients undergoing intracoronary stenting into our study. Maximal aggregation was determined with light transmission aggregometry. Aggregation >50% induced by 5 µM ADP was indexed with high on-clopidogrel treatment platelet reactivity. In these cases 75 mg clopidogrel was doubled and control test was performed. Patients effectively inhibited with 150 mg clopidogrel were defined as clopidogrel pseudo non-responders. Patients with high platelet reactivity even on 150 mg clopidogrel were considered as clopidogrel real non-responders and were switched to ticlopidine. RESULTS: Aggregations (5ADP; p=0.046) and the ratio of real non-responders (p=0.013) were significantly higher in the myocardial infarction group. Most real non-responders were effectively treated with switch of therapy. The ratio of pseudo non-responders also tended to be higher in myocardial infarction. Platelet reactivity remained constant during follow-up; however, a new appearance of high platelet reactivity was observed at 6 and at 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention may benefit from prospective platelet function testing, because of higher platelet reactivity and much higher ratio of clopidogrel real non-response. Switch of therapy may effectively overcome clopidogrel non-response. A new appearance of high platelet reactivity with unknown clinical significance is observed in both groups among the patients on clopidogrel.

Elevated C1rC1sC1inh levels independently predict atherosclerotic coronary heart disease.

UNLABELLED: Clinical studies as well as animal models emphasized the importance of the complement system in the pathogenesis of coronary atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. Our aim was to examine the extent and clinical implication of complement system activation in patients with stable atherosclerotic coronary heart disease (ACHD). Seventy-six patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP) scheduled for elective coronary angiography were enrolled into the study. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was performed in 24 patients, in 27 patients (NOPCI group) the coronary angiography showed significant stenosis and bypass surgery (CABG) or optimal medical therapy (OMT) were advised, whereas in 25 patients the coronary angiography was negative (NC group). 115 volunteers served as healthy controls (HC). In all individuals, the plasma level of several complement activation products - C1rC1sC1inh, C3bBbP and SC5b-9 - were determined on admission, strictly before the coronary angiography. In patients with angiographically proven ACHD (PCI and NOPCI groups), the baseline C1rC1sC1inh levels were significantly higher compared to NC group and HC (p<0.0001, for both comparisons). According to the multiple logistic regression analysis, high C1rC1sC1inh level proved to be an independent biomarker of coronary heart disease (p<0.026, OR: 65.3, CI: 1.628-2616.284). CONCLUSION: Activation of the classical complement pathway can be observed in angiographically proven coronary atherosclerosis. Elevated C1rC1sC1inh levels might represent an useful biomarker for coronary artery disease.