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Organophosphate esters (OPEs) serve as significant flame retardants and plasticizers in various petrochemical downstream products. The petrochemical industry could be a potential source of atmospheric OPEs, but their emissions from this industry are poorly understood. The present study revealed the spatial variation, emission, and atmospheric transport of traditional and novel OPEs (TOPEs and NOPEs, respectively) in atmospheric particulate matter (PM) across Hainan and Guangdong petrochemical complexes (HNPC and GDPC, respectively) in southern China. The total concentrations of TOPEs ranged from 232 to 46,002 pg/m3 and from 200 to 20,347 pg/m3 in the HNPC and GDPC, respectively, which were substantially higher than those of NOPEs (HNPC: 23.5-147 pg/m3, GDPC: 13.9-465 pg/m3). Enterprises involved in the production of downstream petrochemical products presented relatively high concentrations of OPEs, indicating evident emissions of these pollutants in the petrochemical industry. The correlations of PM-bound OPEs in the atmosphere are determined mainly by their coaddition to industrial products or their coexistence in technical mixtures. The annual emissions of TOPEs and NOPEs in the HNPC were 42.6 kg and 0.34 kg, respectively, and those in the GDPC were 116 kg and 1.85 kg, respectively. OPEs from the HNPC can reach Vietnam, Cambodia, and Guangxi Province, China, and those from the GDPC can reach Guangxi Province and Hunan Province via atmospheric transmission after 24 h of emission. The OPE concentrations reaching the receptor regions were generally less than 3.20 pg/m3. Risk assessment revealed that OPE inhalation exposure on two petrochemical complexes likely poses minor risks for people living in the study areas, but the risk resulting from two chlorinated OPEs should be noted since they are close to the threshold values. This study has implications for enhancing control measures for OPE emissions to reduce health risks related to the petrochemical industry.
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Monitoreo del Ambiente , Ésteres , Organofosfatos , China , Ésteres/análisis , Medición de Riesgo , Organofosfatos/análisis , Contaminantes Atmosféricos/análisis , Material Particulado/análisis , Retardadores de Llama/análisisRESUMEN
It is a challenge to study the nucleation of cavitation bubbles, which critically depends on nanoscale morphological features. Our recent advances in synthesizing colloidal negative-curvature nanoparticles (NGC-NPs) offer a rare opportunity, in comparison to the conventional studies of bulk substrates, where it is difficult to obtain consistent and well-defined surface features. In order to quantitatively assess their effects, we exploit the radical-induced color change of [Fe(SCN)6]3-, which turned out to be a more convenient method than the bending of AgNWs and the fluorescence-based methods. We show that the NGC-NPs outperform positive-curvature nanoparticles (PSC-NPs) and homogeneous nucleation, in terms of promoting cavitation. The NGC-NPs provide a higher percentage of gas-solid interface, and thus reduces the activation barrier during the critical stage of bubble nucleation. This leads a higher probability of cavitation and transforms more energy from ultrasonication to radical formation and shockwaves.
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In this work, three morpholine-modified polyacrylamide derivatives (MMPAm) were successfully prepared by free radical polymerization of monomers with morpholine moiety. The intramolecular aggregation of morpholine rings on macromolecular backbone gives MMPAm a significant polymerization-induced emission (PIE). Particularly, poly(N-morpholine acrylamide) (PNMPA) has the characteristics of strong fluorescence at 450 nm, and its fluorescence quantum yield reaches 2.87 %. The introduction of morpholine moiety, the length of CH2 spacer between morpholine ring and the backbone and the molecular weight play the important roles in PIE properties of PNMPA. Interestingly, PNMPA can recognize and detect Cu2+ specifically even in the presence of 12 other metal ions by thorough fluorescence quenching, and the detection limit of PNMPA is 17.3 µM. Furthermore, the dynamic quenching of PNMPA by Cu2+ ions and the complexation ratio of 1:2 according to JOB's working diagram were confirmed by fluorescence titration. Under the assistance of EDTA, a reversible detection system for Cu2+ is achieved, and a portable test paper from PNMPA for the detection of Cu2+ was also made. In conclusion, PNMPA is endowed with a significant PIE effect by the intramolecular aggregation of morpholine rings along the backbone in the polymerization of non-fluorescent monomer, and is expected to be a promising material for specific detection to Cu2+ ions.
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Indole is a very important signal molecule which plays multiple regulatory roles in many physiological and biochemical processes of bacteria, but up to now, the reasons for its wide range of functions have not been revealed. In this study, we found that indole inhibits the motility, promotes glycogen accumulation and enhances starvation resistance of Escherichia coli. However, the regulatory effects of indole became insignificant while the global csrA gene was mutated. To reveal the regulatory relationship between indole and csrA, we studied the effects of indole on the transcription level of csrA, flhDC, glgCAP and cstA, and also the sensing of the promoters of the genes on indole. It was found that indole inhibited the transcription of csrA, and only the promoter of the csrA gene can sense indole. Namely, indole indirectly regulated the translation level of FlhDC, GlgCAP and CstA. These data indicates that indole regulation is related with the regulation of CsrA, which may throw light on the regulation mechanism research of indole.
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Proteínas de Escherichia coli , Escherichia coli , Escherichia coli/genética , Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Proteínas de Escherichia coli/genética , Proteínas de Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Proteínas de Unión al ARN/química , Proteínas de Unión al ARN/genética , Proteínas de Unión al ARN/metabolismo , Indoles/farmacología , Regulación Bacteriana de la Expresión Génica , Proteínas Represoras/genética , Proteínas Represoras/metabolismoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the quantitative relationship between Oxygen Desaturation Index (ODI) and sleep structure of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and cardiac remodeling. METHODS: In this study, patients were enrolled from January 2015 to October 2022, and were divided into 3 groups according to AHI: patients with AHI < 15, patients with 15 ≤ AHI < 30, and 260 patients with AHI ≥ 30. Stratified linear regression was used to analyze independent risk factors for cardiac remodeling in OSA. RESULTS: A total of 479 patients were enrolled. We found that compared with AHI < 15 group (n = 120), the group with AHI > 30 (n = 260) had increased left atrial anteroposterior diameter, left ventricular end-diastolic internal diameter, left ventricular posterior wall thickness, right ventricular anteroposterior diameter, and interventricular septal thickness (P < 0.05). The group with 15 ≤ AHI ≤ 30 (n = 99) had increased left atrial anteroposterior diameter (P < 0.05). Multivariate linear regression revealed that N2 sleep was an independent risk factor for left ventricular posterior wall thickness, with positive correlation (p < 0.05). N3 sleep was an independent risk factor for transverse right atrial diameter and right ventricular anteroposterior diameter, with negative correlation (P < 0.05). ODI was an independent risk factor for interventricular septal thickness, with positive correlation (P < 0.05). The arousal index was an independent risk factor for increased left atrial anteroposterior diameter, with positive correlation (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Increased ODI is an independent risk factor for interventricular septal thickness, while decreased slow wave sleep is an independent risk factor for right heart remodeling in OSA.
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Oxígeno , Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño , Humanos , Remodelación Ventricular , Polisomnografía , SueñoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is closely associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The current definition of NAFLD cannot exclude the involvement of alcohol consumption in the development of fatty liver disease (FLD), but alcohol can aggravate OSA and participate in steatosis. There is limited evidence on the relationship between OSA and alcohol and its effect on FLD severity. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of OSA on FLD severity based on ordinal responses, and its relationship with alcohol consumption, in order to develop strategies for the prevention and treatment of FLD. METHODS: Patients with chief complaints of "snoring" who underwent polysomnography and abdominal ultrasound between January 2015 and October 2022 were selected. A total of 325 cases were divided into three groups according to abdominal ultrasound results: no FLD (n = 66), mild FLD (n = 116), and moderately severe FLD (n = 143) group. Patients were also categorized into alcoholic and nonalcoholic groups. Univariate analysis was used to examine the correlation between OSA and FLD severity. Multivariate ordinal logistic regression analysis was further used to identify the determinants of FLD severity and differences between the alcoholic and nonalcoholic groups. RESULTS: A higher proportion of moderately severe FLD was observed in the group with an apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) > 30 compared to the AHI<15 group in all participants and in the nonalcoholic population (all p < 0.05). There was no significant difference among these groups in the alcoholic population. Ordinal logistic regression analysis found that in all participants, age [OR = 0.966(0.947-0.986)], BMI [OR = 1.293 (1.205-1.394)], diabetes mellitus [OR = 1.932(1.132-3.343)], hyperlipidemia [OR = 2.432(1.355-4.464)], severe OSA [OR = 2.36(1.315-4.259)] (all p < 0.05) were the independent risk factors for more severe FLD. However, different risk factors applied according to alcohol consumption. In addition to age and BMI, the independent risk factors for the alcoholic group also included diabetes mellitus [OR = 3.323(1.494-7.834)] while in the non-alcoholic group risk factors included hyperlipidemia [OR = 4.094(1.639-11.137)], and severe OSA[OR = 2.956(1.334-6.664)] (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Severe OSA is an independent determinant for developing more severe NAFLD in nonalcoholic population, and alcohol consumption may obscure the effect of OSA on the progression of FLD.
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Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico , Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño , Humanos , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/epidemiología , Modelos Logísticos , Factores de Riesgo , Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño/complicaciones , Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño/epidemiología , Etanol , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/efectos adversos , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
LsSAT2 (serine acetyltransferase in Lathyrus sativus) is the rate-limiting enzyme in biosynthesis of ß-N-oxalyl-l-α,ß-diaminopropionic acid (ß-ODAP), a neuroactive metabolite distributed widely in several plant species including Panax notoginseng, Panax ginseng, and L. sativus. The enzymatic activity of LsSAT2 is post-translationally regulated by its involvement in the cysteine regulatory complex in mitochondria via interaction with ß-CAS (ß-cyanoalanine synthase). In this study, the binding sites of LsSAT2 with the substrate Ser were first determined as Glu290, Arg316, and His317 and the catalytic sites were determined as Asp267, Asp281, and His282 via site-directed/truncated mutagenesis, in vitro enzymatic activity assay, and functional complementation of the SAT-deficient Escherichia coli strain JM39. Furthermore, the C-terminal 10-residue peptide of LsSAT2 is confirmed to be critical to interact with LsCAS, and Ile336 in C10 peptide is the critical amino acid. These results will enhance our understanding of the regulation of LsSAT2 activities and the biosynthesis of ß-ODAP in L. sativus.
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Aminoácidos Diaminos , Lathyrus , Lathyrus/química , Serina O-Acetiltransferasa/metabolismo , Aminoácidos/metabolismoRESUMEN
Liquid-on-solid heterogeneous nucleation on solid nanoparticle seeds was achieved. Syrup solutions from a solute-induced phase separation (SIPS) process were heterogeneously nucleated on nanoparticle seeds to form syrup domains, similar to the "seeded growth" method in classical nanosynthesis. The selective inhibition of homogeneous nucleation was also confirmed and exploited for a high-purity synthesis, showing similarity between nanoscale droplets and particles. The seeded-growth of syrup could serve as a general and robust method to one-step fabricate yolk-shell nanostructures, with efficient loading of the dissolved substances.
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FRMD6, a member of the 4.1 ezrin-radixin-moesin domain-containing protein family, has been reported to inhibit tumor progression in multiple cancers. Here, we demonstrate the involvement of FRMD6 in lung cancer progression. We find that FRMD6 is overexpressed in lung cancer tissues relative to in normal lung tissues. In addition, the enhanced expression of FRMD6 is associated with poor outcomes in patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma (n = 75, P = 0.0054) and lung adenocarcinoma (n = 94, P = 0.0330). Cell migration and proliferation in vitro and tumor formation in vivo are promoted by FRMD6 but are suppressed by the depletion of FRMD6. Mechanistically, FRMD6 interacts and colocalizes with mTOR and S6K, which are the key molecules of the mTOR signaling pathway. FRMD6 markedly enhances the interaction between mTOR and S6K, subsequently increasing the levels of endogenous pS6K and downstream pS6 in lung cancer cells. Furthermore, knocking out FRMD6 inhibits the activation of the mTOR signaling pathway in Frmd6-/- gene KO MEFs and mice. Altogether, our results show that FRMD6 contributes to lung cancer progression by activating the mTOR signaling pathway.
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Triclocarban (TCC) is a widely used environmental endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC). Articular injury of EDCs has been reported; however, whether and how TCCs damage the joint have not yet been determined. Herein, we revealed that exposure to TCC caused osteoarthritis (OA) within the zebrafish anal fin. Mechanistically, TCC stimulates the expression of DNMT1 and initiates DNA hypermethylation of the type II collagen coding gene, which further suppresses the expression of type II collagen and other extracellular matrices. This further results in decreased cartilage tissue and narrowing of the intraarticular space, which is typical of the pathogenesis of OA. The regulation of OA occurrence by TCC is conserved between zebrafish cartilage tissue and human chondrocytes. Our findings clarified the hazard and potential mechanisms of TCC towards articular health and highlighted DNMT1 as a potential therapeutic target for OA caused by TCC.
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Cartílago Articular , Osteoartritis , Animales , Humanos , Pez Cebra/metabolismo , Colágeno Tipo II/genética , Colágeno Tipo II/metabolismo , Cartílago Articular/metabolismo , Cartílago Articular/patología , Osteoartritis/inducido químicamente , Osteoartritis/genética , Osteoartritis/metabolismo , Epigénesis Genética , ADN (Citosina-5-)-Metiltransferasa 1/genética , ADN (Citosina-5-)-Metiltransferasa 1/metabolismo , Proteínas de Pez Cebra/genéticaRESUMEN
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of concentrated growth factor (CGF) membrane for the sealing of alveolar socket in alveolar ridge preservation (ARP). A total of 22 patients with 24 alveolar sockets were recruited and divided randomly into CGF group and Bio-Gide collagen membrane group. The soft tissue wound healing rate was calculated using intraoral scanner at 3, 7, and 14 days after ARP, and the bone resorption volume at 1, 3, and 5 mm below the alveolar ridge was measured by CBCT at 6 months postoperation. The keratinized gingival width was also measured before and 6 months after ridge preservation. In terms of soft tissue healing rate, the CGF group exhibited significant higher than that of Bio-Gide group at both 7 and 14 days after surgery (P < 0.05). However, there was no significantly different in bone resorption rate and the width of keratinized gingival after 6 months (P > 0.05). Therefore, the use of CGFs membranes for wound closure in ARP is a reliable method, but more clinical data are needed to prove it.
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Aumento de la Cresta Alveolar , Resorción Ósea , Humanos , Proceso Alveolar/diagnóstico por imagen , Aumento de la Cresta Alveolar/métodos , Resorción Ósea/cirugía , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intercelular , Extracción Dental , Alveolo Dental/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
Application of an electric field is an effective demulsification method for water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions. For the W/O emulsions stabilized by anionic surfactants, the microscopic demulsification mechanism is still not very clear. In this work, the coalescence behavior of two droplets stabilized by the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in the oil phase under a DC electric field is investigated by molecular dynamics simulation. The effects of electric field strength and oil type on the electrocoalescence of two water droplets are mainly considered. The trajectory snapshots and center of mass of the two water droplets suggest that there is almost no migratory coalescence. The movement of sodium ions and SDS, which is a combined effect of the electric field force and the resistance from the oil phase, is crucial for the deformation and connection of two water droplets. The results of mean square displacement, radial distribution function, hydration number, and interaction energies of Na+-H2O and SDS-H2O indicate that the sodium ion has a stronger ability to carry water molecules for movement than SDS. The stronger electric field strength will result in more severe deformation and shorter coalescence time. Under the higher electric field strength, the two droplets will be elongated into a slender water ribbon. By applying a pulsed DC electric field with suitable amplitude, frequency, and duty ratio, it is possible to achieve full coalescence for the ionic surfactant-stabilized W/O emulsions. The oil phase also plays an important role for the deformation of droplets and the migration of emulsion components. For the different oil phases, a longer time or stronger electric field strength would be needed for the electrocoalescence of droplets in the oil phase with higher density and viscosity. Our results are expected to be helpful for practical application in the petroleum industry and chemical engineering.
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The effects of the branched structures of SDBS molecules on oil recovery are investigated by molecular dynamics method. The relative density of oil molecules shows that SDBS molecule with benzene ring located near the center of alkyl chain has the best effect on oil displacement. Dynamic trajectories show that the water and SDBS molecules gradually occupy the calcite surface and replace the oil droplets. In this process, more water molecules gather nearby the polar groups of SDBS, indicating that the polar group has a significant effect on the water infiltration and the formation of water channels. Contact angle between SDBS molecule and calcite surface indicates that compared to straight chains, the branched structure tends to spread on the calcite interface. Moreover, adsorption energies of the simulation systems further prove that as the aromatic ring is closer to the middle of the alkyl chain, the oil displacement effect is better.
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HOXB9 is an important transcription factor associated with unfavorable outcomes in patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, its degradation mechanism remains unclear. Here, we show that HOXB9 is a substrate of AMP kinase alpha (AMPKα). AMPK mediates HOXB9 T133 phosphorylation and downregulates the level of HOXB9 in mice and LUAD cells. Mechanistically, phosphorylated HOXB9 promoted E3 ligase Praja2-mediated HOXB9 degradation. Blocking HOXB9 phosphorylation by depleting AMPKα1/2 or employing the HOXB9 T133A mutant promoted tumor cell growth in cell culture and mouse xenografts via upregulation of HOXB9 and KRAS that is herein identified as a target of HOXB9. Clinically, AMPK activation levels in LUAD samples were positively correlated with pHOXB9 levels; higher pHOXB9 levels were associated with better survival of patients with LUAD. We thus present a HOXB9 degradation mechanism and demonstrate an AMPK-HOXB9-KRAS axis linking glucose-level-regulated AMPK activation to HOXB9 stability and KRAS gene expression, ultimately controlling LUAD progression.
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Adenocarcinoma del Pulmón , Adenocarcinoma , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por AMP/metabolismo , Adenocarcinoma/patología , Adenocarcinoma del Pulmón/genética , Adenocarcinoma del Pulmón/patología , Animales , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Proteínas de Homeodominio/genética , Proteínas de Homeodominio/metabolismo , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Ratones , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas p21(ras)/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas p21(ras)/metabolismoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To examine characteristics associated with disparities in digital access (i.e., access to high-speed Internet via a computer or smartphone) in American rural and urban households given that digital access has a direct impact on access to telemedicine-based services. METHODS: Using the 2019 American Community Survey, we analyzed the proportions of geographic area, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status according to device and high-speed Internet access. Maximum likelihood logit estimators estimated how these factors influenced device and high-speed Internet access. FINDINGS: Of 105,312,959 households, 32.29% were without a desktop or laptop computer with high-speed Internet (WDW), 21.51% were without a smartphone with a data plan for wireless Internet (WSW), and 14.02% were without any digital access (WDA). Nonmetropolitan households were significantly more likely to be WDA than metropolitan households (odds ratio [OR] = 1.87; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.83-1.91). Relative to non-Hispanic Whites, non-Hispanic Blacks (OR = 1.60; 95% CI: 1.56-1.64), American Indian or Alaska natives (OR = 2.00; 95% CI: 1.82-2.19), or Hispanics (OR = 1.70; 95% CI: 1.66-1.74) were significantly more likely to be WDA. When compared to households with private health insurance coverage, households WDA were significantly more likely to have no insurance (OR = 2.44; 95% CI: 2.36-2.53) or public insurance coverage (OR = 3.78; 95% CI: 3.70-3.86). Households with any digital access reported higher income and more family members living at home. Using the same predictors, similar findings were reported for households WDW or WSW. CONCLUSIONS: Significant disparities in digital access exist among nonmetropolitan households, racial/ethnic minority households, and lower-income households. The lack of digital access has implications for the accessibility of health care services via telemedicine and thus could exacerbate health disparities.
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Etnicidad , Telemedicina , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud , Disparidades en Atención de Salud , Hispánicos o Latinos , Humanos , Grupos Minoritarios , Estados Unidos , Población BlancaRESUMEN
Hearing loss is a modifiable risk factor for dementia and cognitive decline. However, the association between cognition and hearing acuity at different frequencies is unknown. We aimed to assess the relationships between hearing acuity at different frequencies with global cognitive function and five domains of cognition among a low-income elderly population in northern rural China. A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted to collect basic information from elderly residents aged 60 years and older in rural areas of Tianjin, China from April 2012 to November 2013. Pure tone averages (PTAs) at different frequencies in the ear with better hearing and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores were measured, and the relationships between these variables were assessed. A total of 737 residents aged 60 years or more were enrolled in this study, and the prevalence of hearing impairment was 60.7%. After adjusting for sex, age, education, income, smoking, drinking, systolic blood pressure (SBP), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level (LDL-C), MMSE score and immediate recall score were negatively associated with overall PTA (OPTA) at four frequencies (0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz), PTA at low frequencies (LPTA; 0.5, 1, and 2 kHz), and PTA at high frequencies (HPTA; 3, 4, and 8 kHz) in the ear with better hearing. Moreover, orientation score was negatively associated with OPTA and LPTA, and the attention and calculation scores were negatively associated with OPTA and HPTA. Each 10-dB increase in OPTA was associated with a MMSE score decrease of 0.464. Each 10-dB increase in LPTA or HPTA was associated with a MMSE score decrease of 0.441 (95% CI: -0.795, -0.086) and 0.351 (95% CI: -0.592, -0.110), respectively. The present study demonstrated significant but weak relationships between OPTA, LPTA, and HPTA with global cognitive function, as defined using MMSE scores; these relationships were independent of age, education, lifestyle factors, and laboratory test values. These results indicated that hearing was associated with cognitive decline among older individuals, who should be screened routinely to identify risk for cognitive decline.
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Trust, particularly during emergencies, is essential for effective health care delivery and health policy implementation. We used data from the 2018 Wellcome Global Monitor survey (comprising nationally representative samples from 144 countries) to examine levels and correlates of trust in governments and health workers and attitudes toward vaccines. Only one-quarter of respondents globally expressed a lot of trust in their government (trust was more common among people with less schooling, those living in rural areas, those who were financially comfortable, and those who were older), and fewer than half of respondents globally said that they trust doctors and nurses a lot. People's trust in these institutions was correlated with trust in health or medical advice from them, and with more positive attitudes toward vaccines. Vaccine enthusiasm varied substantially across regions, with safety being the most common concern. Policy makers should understand that the public may have varying levels of trust in different institutions and actors. Although much attention is paid to crafting public health messages, it may be equally important, especially during a pandemic, to identify appropriate, trusted messengers to deliver those messages more effectively to different target populations.
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Confianza , Vacunas , Gobierno , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Humanos , Salud PúblicaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: As age-related diseases, chronic kidney disease and hearing impairment (HI) cause a serious socioeconomic burden. Due to structural similarities, there is a certain connection between kidney function and hearing, but there has been no large-scale epidemiological study in China that further explored this connection. Thus, this study aimed to explore the association between indicator levels of kidney function and hearing impairment among middle-aged and elderly individuals in Tianjin, China. METHOD: In 2020, 1539 participants aged 45 years or older from Tianjin, China, were recruited into this study. All participants completed questionnaire surveys and underwent physical examinations, laboratory examinations, and hearing tests. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated from serum creatinine (Cre) levels. HI was measured using pure-tone audiometry, and audiologists determined the final diagnoses. RESULT: The prevalence of HI was 49.97%. With each 1-mL/min/1.73 m2 increase in eGFR, the overall odds of HI increased by 1.3%; the risk increased by 2.4% and 1.6% for men and people aged 45-65 years, respectively. In contrast, in women, the odds of HI increased as Cre levels increased. Moreover, with each 1-mL/min/1.73 m2 increase in eGFR, the overall odds of a one-degree increase in hearing loss increased by 1.7%; the odds increased by 2.3% and 1.5% for men and people aged 45-65 years, respectively. However, in women and people aged ≥65 years, the odds of a one-grade increase in hearing loss increased by 2.1% and 1.5%, respectively, with each 1-µmol/L increase in Cre. In addition, there were no significant relationships between blood urea nitrogen and hearing loss in multivariate analysis (all P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that eGFR and serum Cre are effective predictors of hearing loss. Thus, to decrease the burden of HI, hearing should be carefully monitored for people aged ≥45 years with elevated serum Cre and eGFR.
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Creatinina/sangre , Tasa de Filtración Glomerular , Pérdida Auditiva , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Audiometría de Tonos Puros/métodos , Audiometría de Tonos Puros/estadística & datos numéricos , China/epidemiología , Correlación de Datos , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Pérdida Auditiva/diagnóstico , Pérdida Auditiva/epidemiología , Humanos , Pruebas de Función Renal/métodos , Pruebas de Función Renal/estadística & datos numéricos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/sangre , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/diagnóstico , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/epidemiología , Factores de Riesgo , Factores SexualesRESUMEN
The connection among genome expression, proteome alteration, metabolism regulation and phenotype change under environmental stresses is very vague. It is a tough task for the traditional research approaches to reveal the related scientific mechanisms of the above connection at molecular and systematic levels. Proteomics approach is an insightful tool for revealing the biological functions, metabolic networks and functional protein interaction networks of cells and organisms under stresses at the systematic level. The purpose of this review is to provide an insightful guideline on how to set up a proteomic investigation for revealing biomolecule mechanisms, protein biomarkers and metabolism networks related to stress response, pollutant recognition, transport and biodegradation, and providing an insightful high-throughput approach for screening functional enzymes and effective microbes based on bioinformatics and functional verification method. Furthermore, the toxicity evaluation of pollutants and byproducts by proteomics approaches provides a scientific insight for early diagnosis of ecological risk and determination of the effectiveness of pollutant treatment techniques.
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Contaminantes Ambientales , Proteómica , Biodegradación Ambiental , Proteoma , Estrés FisiológicoRESUMEN
Paraquat (PQ) is a non-selective herbicide with strong toxicity to humans and mammals. However, the proteome regulation of cells by PQ is still unclear, limiting the development of effective antidotes. Studies have shown that a slight excess of intracellular copper levels could be beneficial to the survival under exposure to PQ. In this study, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used as a model to explore the regulation effect of copper ions on PQ poisoning by the approach of date independent acquisition proteomics. The results showed that toxic effect of PQ was primarily induced by oxidative damage in the mitochondria and the disorder of gene expression. The addition of Cu2+ involved a series of favorable reactions to cell survival under PQ stress, including activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, regulation of processes such as sulfur metabolism, carbon metabolism and gene expression in cells. The generation of glutathione, heme and steroids advantageous to cell growth under stress was also increased. These findings inferred that therapeutic concentration of copper ions could prolong the survival of cells under PQ stress.