A young woman with Mycobacterium chelonae complex infection caused by facial stem cell injection.

In outpatient settings, Mycobacterium chelonae complex infection brought on by cosmetic injections are rather uncommon. We came across a case of infection brought on by a commercial stem cell injection.

Recent advances in exosomal non-coding RNA-based therapeutic approaches for photoaging.

BACKGROUND: Photoaging is a degenerative biological process that affects the quality of life. It is caused by environmental factors including ultraviolet radiation (UVR), deep skin burns, smoking, active oxygen, chemical substances, and trauma. Among them, UVR plays a vital role in the aging process. AIM: With the continuous development of modern medicine, clinical researchers have investigated novel approaches to treat aging. In particular, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), non-coding RNAs are involved in various physiological processes have broad clinical application as they have the advantages of convenient samples, abundant sources, and avoidable ethical issues. METHODS: This article reviews research progress on five types of stem cell, exosomes, non-coding RNA in the context of photoaging treatment: adipose-derived stem cell, human umbilical cord MSCs, epidermal progenitor cells, keratinocyte stem cells, and hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). It also includes stem cell related exosomes and their non-coding RNA research. RESULTS: The results have clinical guiding significance for prevention and control of the onset and development of photoaging. It is found that stem cells secrete cytokines, cell growth factors, non-coding RNA, exosomes and proteins to repair aging skin tissues and achieve skin rejuvenation. In particular, stem cell exosomes and non-coding RNA are found to have significant research potential, as they possess the benefits of their source cells without the disadvantages which include immune rejection and granuloma formation.

The application of rapid response team in category 1 emergency caesarean section teaching for OBGYN residents in the delivery room.

Category 1 cesarean section (CS) can be a life-saving procedure when there is immediate threat to the life of the woman or fetus. However, category 1 CS is a challenge for obstetrics and gynecology residents, and it is necessary to establish an effective and straightforward teaching strategy. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of rapid response team (RRT) on category 1 CS teaching for obstetrics and gynecology residents in the delivery room. A total of 142 residents who underwent standardized residency training programs in the delivery room were divided into a RRT teaching group and a traditional response (TR) teaching group. In the RRT teaching group, Category 1 emergency CS teaching was started and explored by rapid response team. The training included both theoretical and practical components. After the training, decision-to-delivery interval (DDI), neonatal Apgar score, operation time and rate of postpartum hemorrhage were compared. A questionnaire on the subjective assessment of various aspects of the program was conducted at the end of the training period. The DDI in minutes in the RRT teaching group (n = 72) was significantly shorter than that of the TR teaching group (n = 70) (11.83 ±â€…4.16 vs 13.56 ±â€…5.47, P = .0364). The score of satisfaction from residents in the RRT teaching group was significantly higher than that of the TR group [7 (6, 9) vs 9 (7, 10), P = .0154]. Compared with the TR teaching group, more residents thought their clinical skills have been improved (94.29% vs 100%, P = .0396) and willing to recommend their training method to others (91.43% vs 100%, P = .0399) in the RRT teaching group. However, no significant differences were observed in the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage between the 2 groups. RRT teaching is beneficial in the standardized training and teaching of residents in the delivery room. It improves the DDI of category 1 emergency cesarean section and the degree of satisfaction.

Preparation of a novel poly-(di-ionic liquid)/BDD-modified electrode for the detection of tetrachloro-p-benzoquinone.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the release of toxic disinfection by-products (DBPs) has increased due to the intensive, large-scale use of disinfectants. Halogenated benzoquinones (HBQs) are among the most toxic DBPs, but there is no rapid, convenient, and economical detection method. In this study, a novel PDIL/BDD-modified electrode was prepared in a mixed solvent of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and acetonitrile (ACN) by electrochemical polymerization with a di-ionic ionic liquid containing alkenyl groups as the monomer. The electrochemical behavior of tetra-chloro-p-benzoquinone (TCBQ) on the modified electrode was studied. By studying the cyclic voltammetry behavior of TCBQ on the PDIL/BDD electrode, it was concluded that the electrode reactions of TCBQ included the reduction of TCBQ to TCBQH2 (C1) and the reduction of bis-quinhydrone imidazole π-π type charge transfer complex to TCBQH2 (C2). By studying the SWV responses of TCBQ in the concentration range of 1-100 ng/L on the PDIL/BDD electrode, it was found that the reduction peak current (Ipa) had a linear relationship with the concentration. The electrochemical SWV technique was used to detect the concentration of trace TCBQ in water and is expected to be used for the detection of other HBQs in drinking water and swimming pool water.

Interactive effect of prepregnancy overweight/obesity and GDM history on prevalence of GDM in biparous women.

Background: Prepregnancy overweight/obesity (OWO) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) history may increase the prevalence of GDM in parous women, but little is known about their potential combined effect on the prevalence of GDM in biparous women. Objective: This study aims to explore the interactive effect of prepregnancy overweight/obesity (OWO) and GDM history on the prevalence of GDM in biparous women. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 16,282 second-birth women who delivered a single neonate at ≧28 weeks of gestation twice. Logistic regression was used to assess the independent and multiplicative interactions of prepregnancy overweight/obesity (OWO) and GDM history on the risk of GDM in biparous women. Additive interactions were calculated using an Excel sheet that was made by Anderson to calculate relative excess risk. Results: A total of 14,998 participants were included in this study. Both prepregnancy OWO and GDM history were independently associated with an increased risk of GDM in biparous women (odds ratio (OR) = 19.225, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 17.106, 21.607 and OR = 6.826, 95% CI = 6.085, 7.656, respectively). The coexistence of prepregnancy OWO and GDM history was associated with GDM, with an adjusted OR of 1.754 (95% CI, 1.625, 1.909) compared to pregnant women without either condition. The additive interaction between prepregnancy OWO and GDM history was found to be not significant with regard to GDM in biparous women. Conclusions: Prepregnancy OWO and GDM history both increase the risk of GDM in biparous women and have multiplicative interactions but not additive interactions.

UVB-Induced Secretion of IL-1ß Promotes Melanogenesis by Upregulating TYR/TRP-1 Expression In Vitro.

Purpose: Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is one of the exogenous stimuli increasing melanogenesis. UV light, especially UVB, is also a potent inducer of epidermal cytokine release. This study is aimed at determining the underlying mechanisms by which UVB-induced cytokines in keratinocytes regulate melanin production in vitro. Methods: Expression levels of mRNA for interleukin- (IL-) 1, IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were measured using RT-qPCR at various time points after UVB irradiation in C57BL/6 mice and HaCaT cells. NaOH lysis and L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) oxidation method were used to measure melanin content and tyrosinase (TYR) activity, respectively, in melanoma B16 cells. RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to assess mRNA and protein levels of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), TYR, tyrosine-related protein-1 (TRP-1), and tyrosine-related protein-2 (TRP-2) in B16 cells. Finally, expression levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA and stem cell factor (SCF) in HaCaT cells were measured following knockdown of IL-1ß using siRNA (siIL-1ß). Results: UVB irradiation increased IL-1ß mRNA expression levels in both C57BL/6 mice and HaCaT cells. The melanin content, TYR activity, and expression levels of TYR and TRP-1 were all raised when B16 cells were treated with 4 pg/l of IL-1. Moreover, IL-1ß also upregulated the expression levels of SCF and COX-2 in nonirradiated HaCaT cells. Conversely, knockdown of IL-1ß attenuated UVB irradiation-induced upregulation of SCF and COX-2 expression in keratinocytes. Conclusions: UVB-induced melanogenesis is mediated in part by IL-1ß, leading to upregulation of the TYR/TRP1 expression in melanoma B16 cells. IL-1ß can also stimulate the expression of COX-2 and SCF in HaCaT cells, which in turn increase melanin synthesis in melanocytes. These results suggest that anti-inflammatory approaches could possibly mitigate UVB-induced hyperpigmentation.

Subsequent perinatal outcomes of pregnancy with two consecutive pregnancies with gestational diabetes mellitus: A population-based cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is glucose intolerance diagnosed during pregnancy. We aimed to explore the different outcomes of women with two consecutive pregnancies with GDM. METHODS: This study included 861 women with recurrent GDM who had two consecutive singleton deliveries at Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital between May 2012 and September 2020. Data on pregnancy complications and neonatal and delivery outcomes were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: Among those women with recurrent GDM, there was no difference in pregnancy complications in index pregnancy vs subsequent pregnancy. Our data revealed there was a significantly higher incidence of thyroid disease in the subsequent pregnancies than in the index pregnancy. (6% vs 10%, p = .003)In subsequent pregnancies, the birth weight was greater than that of the index pregnancy (3296.63 ± 16.85 vs 3348.99 ± 16.05, p = .025); and the incidence of large for gestational age (LGA) was higher than that of the index pregnancy (16.3% vs 20.6%, p = .021). More cesarean sections occurred in the subsequent pregnancy. (32.9% vs 6.6%, p = .039). Postpartum hemorrhage, premature birth, and placental abruption were not significantly different between the two pregnancies. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest the effect of GDM on thyroid dysfunction may be persistent. Recurrent gestational diabetes results in a higher rate of cesarean delivery, incidence of LGA, and neonatal admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in subsequent pregnancies. We need to pay attention to the postpartum thyroid function of pregnant women with GDM. Further studies are still needed on recurrent GDM to reduce this occurrence of admission to NICU.

[Source and Optical Dynamics of Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter in the Watershed of Lake Qinghai].

Lake Qinghai is the largest lake in China and is of great significance to maintain the ecological security of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Few studies have been carried out to investigate the optical composition and source of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in large lakes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. It is of great significance to study the source and optical dynamics of CDOM in Lake Qinghai watershed for water quality protection and filling in the gaps in the knowledge of CDOM variability in a remote area. Two sampling campaigns in the Lake Qinghai watershed were carried out, and excitation-emission matrices coupled with parallel factor analysis (EEMs-PARAFAC) were used to unravel the optical composition and the sources of CDOM. Our results indicated that the mean dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration, a250:a365, and the spectral slope of CDOM absorption S275-295 in the lake were significantly higher than that in the inflow river (P<0.0001, t-test), whereas the mean absorption coefficient of CDOM a350, humification index (HIX), fluorescence peak integration ratio IC:IT, and specific ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm SUVA254 of CDOM were shown to be lower in the lake than in the inflow river (P<0.0001), indicating that compared with the lake itself, CDOM in the inflow was humic-rich and highly aromatic. Four fluorescent components were obtained using PARAFAC, including a terrestrial human-like component C1, a microbial human-like component C2, a tyrosine-like C3, and a tryptophan-like C4. The mean DOC concentration, S275-295, and a250:a365in the headwater streams of the Lake Qinghai watershed were lower than those in the downstream estuary, indicating that the CDOM abundance increased, and the molecular weight decreased, from the headwaters to the downstream river mouths. The mean of SUVA254, C1, and the first axis of principal component analysis were positively related to terrestrial input (i.e., the PC1 values were significantly higher in rivers than in lakes (P<0.001)), indicating that the aromaticity of CDOM in rivers was higher than that in lakes. Particularly, the contribution of terrestrial humic-like C1 was higher in the Quanji River, Shaliu River, and Khargai River compared with that in other tributaries due to an intensified cultivated land use at the downstream estuary of these rivers.

[Influences of Hydrological Scenarios on the Bioavailability, Fate, and Balance of Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter in Lake Poyang].

Lake Poyang has significant differences in hydrological characteristics between the flood and dry seasons. Unraveling the optical composition, bioavailability, fate, and balance of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and organic carbon fluxes in Lake Poyang under different hydrological conditions can help provide advanced schemes on carbon cycling, the transfer and transformation of organic matter, and water resource management of the lake. Three fluorescent components, including a humic-like (C1), a tryptophan-like (C2), and a tyrosine-like (C3) component, were obtained using three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy coupled with parallel factor analysis. Prior to and after 28 days of laboratory biodegradation, the means of a254 and the terrestrial humic-like (C1) component in the flood season were both significantly higher than that in the dry season (t-test, P<0.01), indicating that the terrestrial humic-like (C1) component contributed importantly to the CDOM pool. The contribution percentages of protein-like components in the dry season were 81.7% of the summed fluorescent components of CDOM, indicating that there might be discharge of domestic wastewater from areas surrounding the lake in the dry season. The bioavailabilities of the humic-like (C1) component and DOC were 14.0% and 43.2%, respectively, in the dry season. This can be explained by a declined-dilution effect in the lake during the dry rather than in the flood season. We observed no significant difference in the bioavailability of protein-like components under different hydrological conditions. The bioavailability of C1 (i.e.,%ΔC1) showed a decreasing trend from the southern inflowing river mouths to the downstream northern outlet at Hukou in both the flood and dry seasons, indicating that the bioavailability of the C1 decreased following the migration of CDOM in the lake. In the dry season and flood season, Lake Poyang was the source of DOC with fluxes of 14.0×103 t·mon-1 and 1.4×103 t·mon-1, respectively, whereas CDOM fluxes in corresponding periods were the source and weak sink with corresponding fluxes of 9.3×1010 m3·(m·mon)-1 and 1.1×1010 m3·(m·mon)-1, respectively. Therefore, the lake released substantial organic matter to the downstream receiving waters during the dry season, whereas in the flood season, the higher water level in the Yangtze River resulted in a prolonged water residence time of the lake, and a fraction of CDOM was bio-degraded into inorganic nutrients, favoring the metabolisms and the eutrophication process of the lake ecosystem.

The adsorption mechanism of CF4 on the surface of activated carbon made from peat and modified by Cu.

In order to find a way to deal with CF4 with good removal effect and easy to promote. In this study, peat was used as raw material, and copper-loaded activated carbon (Cu/AC) was successfully prepared through nitric acid oxidation and copper chloride impregnation. Compared with commercial activated carbon and widely used metal organic frameworks (MOFs), it shows a fast adsorption rate and larger adsorption capacity for CF4. The static experiment was used to study the influence of Cu/AC on the adsorption of CF4 in the adsorbent dosage, reaction time, temperature, and initial concentration. SEM, FTIR, XPS, XRF, and BET were used to study the changes of physical and chemical properties before and after the adsorption. It was found that the oxygen-containing group was consumed during this process. Unsaturated sites on Cu can accelerate the adsorption of CF4, and the adsorption process is reversible. For the first time, the kinetic model, adsorption isotherm, and thermodynamic model are used to analyze the adsorption mechanism of CF4 on the Cu/AC surface from different angles. The results show that the adsorption of CF4 on the Cu/AC surface is a process of exothermic entropy reduction. The static adsorption process conforms to the pseudo-first-order, the pseudo-second-order, and the Freundlish adsorption model. Through 5 adsorption and desorption processes, it is found that Cu/AC has excellent recycling and recyclability performance.

Chinese women with melasma exhibit a low minimal erythema dose to both UVA and UVB.

BACKGROUND: Melasma is a common disorder manifested by symmetric hyperpigmentation of sun-exposed skin. Although ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a known risk factor of melasma, whether skin sensitivities to UVA and/or UVB differ between healthy controls and female patients with melasma is unknown. METHODS: Minimal erythema dose (MED)-UVA and MED-UVB results were compared between female patients with melasma and healthy controls. Additionally, relationships between MED values and Melasma Area and Severity Index (MASI) scores, and skin color were assessed. RESULTS: The melasma and control groups included 142 and 137 subjects, respectively. Compared with healthy control group, our melasma group had lower MED-UVA (P < .001) and MED-UVB (P < .05). MASI scores were negatively correlated with MED-UVA and MED-UVB (P < .001). Additionally, Skin a* values in melasma-involved skin were negatively correlated with MED-UVA (P < .05). Skin b* values in melasma-involved skin were negatively correlated with MED-UVB and MED-UVA (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with melasma exhibit a low MED to both UVA and UVB, rendering them have a predisposition to an increased UV sensitivity. Because of the association between melasma and UV sensitivity, sun exposure should be avoided to alleviate or prevent melasma.

[Sources and Optical Dynamics of Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter in Different Types of Urban Water Bodies].

In the past few decades, China's rapid industrial activities and urbanization processes have greatly impacted the urban surface water ecosystem. The changes in the quality of urban surface water directly affect the supply and carbon cycling of urban waters. We collected 50 water samples from urban rivers, lakes, and reservoirs in the city of Changchun in June 2020. Three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy coupled with parallel factor analysis (EEMs-PARAFAC) was used to unravel the optical characteristics, composition, and sources of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM). Our results indicated that the mean concentration of DOC is significantly higher in urban rivers than in reservoirs (t-test, P<0.05), and the mean UV absorption coefficient of CDOM a254 of urban rivers is significantly larger than that of park lakes and reservoirs (t-test, P<0.05), indicating that urban rivers have the highest concentration of CDOM. The spectral slope of CDOM absorption S275-295 and the spectral slope ratio SR were shown to be higher in park lakes than in reservoirs, and even higher than in urban rivers (t-test, P<0.001). Three fluorescent components were obtained using PARAFAC, namely terrestrial human-like (C1), microbial human-like (C2) and tryptophan-like (C3) components. The mean fluorescence intensity of C1-C3 was significantly higher in urban rivers than in both the park lakes and reservoirs (t-test, P<0.005), and the mean fluorescence intensity of C1 in the reservoir water body was significantly higher than that of C2 and C3 (t-test, P<0.005), indicating that the discharge of municipal wastewater likely contributes significantly to the CDOM pool of urban rivers in Changchun, and the contribution percentages of highly bio-labile protein-like components to the CDOM pool in these waters are high. Urban wastewater treatment should be strengthened to effectively protect water quality, as well as the economic, environmental, and ecological functions of urban waters in Changchun City.

Mutations in γ-secretase subunit-encoding PSENEN gene alone may not be sufficient for the development of acne inversa.

BACKGROUND: The effects of PSENEN mutations in patients with acne inversa (AI) are poorly understood. Hyperproliferation of follicular keratinocytes and resulting occlusion may constitute the initial pathophysiology. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of PSENEN knockdown on γ-secretase subunits, biological behaviors, and related signaling pathways in keratinocytes. METHODS: HaCaT cells were divided into an experimental group (PSENEN knock down), a negative control group, and a blank control group. Whole transcriptome sequencing was used to measure differences in mRNA expression of the whole genome; real-time PCR and Western blotting were performed to determine the interference efficiency and the effects of interference on the components of γ-secretase and related molecules. CCK-8 was used to measure cell proliferation, and flow cytometry was used to measure apoptosis and the cell cycle. RESULTS: A comparison of five healthy controls with three patients with PSENEN mutation (c.66delG, c.279delC, c.229_230insCACC) revealed decreased expression of mRNA and protein in skin lesions of the experimental group. In this group, expression of the other components of γ-secretase presenilin C-terminal fragment decreased, expression of immature nicastrin increased, expression of mature nicastrin decreased, and expression of anterior pharynx defective-1 remained unchanged. KEGG analysis revealed that differentially expressed molecules were enriched in m-TOR signaling pathways. Subsequent verification confirmed that differences in PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway molecules, cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle and the expression levels of Ki-67, KRT1, and IVL between the groups were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: PSENEN mutations alone may be insufficient to cause the development of AI, or they may only induce a mild phenotype of AI.

A novel graphene oxide-dicationic ionic liquid composite for Cr(VI) adsorption from aqueous solutions.

A novel graphene oxide-dicationic ionic liquid composite (GO-DIL) was prepared by modifying graphene oxide (GO) with a dicationic ionic liquid (DIL), 3,3'-(butane-1,4-diyl) bis (1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium) chloride ([C4(MIM)2]Cl2). GO and GO-DIL were characterized by SEM, BET, FTIR, and XPS, and the materials were used for Cr(VI) adsorption. Batch adsorption studies showed that adsorption reached equilibrium within 40 min, and the optimal pH was 3, where the electrostatic attraction between GO-DIL and Cr(VI) was maximized. The maximum theoretical Cr(VI) adsorption capacity (qm) was 271.08 mg g-1, and qm remained above 228.00 mg g-1 after five cycles. The adsorption data were fitted well by both the pseudo-first-order kinetic model and the Langmuir model. Furthermore, thermodynamics calculations revealed that adsorption was a spontaneous endothermic process. Importantly, electrostatic attraction between Cr(VI) and the protonated imidazole N+ of GO-DIL played a critical role in Cr(VI) adsorption, and Cr(VI) was reduced to Cr(III). Thus, GO-DIL is predicted to be an effective adsorbent for Cr(VI) and other heavy metal ions in wastewater.

An herbal cream reduces erythema of sensitive skin.

BACKGROUND: Sensitive skin manifests itself as a syndrome defined by the occurrence of unpleasant sensations such as stinging, burning, and pruritus. Though not life-threatening, it can negatively impact the quality of people's lives because of symptoms and clinical signs. Although some skin care products can alleviate symptoms of sensitive skin, a product that can improve multiple abnormalities of sensitive skin are largely unavailable. AIMS: To assess the efficacy of a newly developed herbal cream in reducing erythema. METHODS: A randomized double-blind and self-controlled trial was carried out on a total of 35 volunteers. The test cream (A) was applied topically to one side of the face twice-daily, while the control cream (B) was applied to the other side of the face. Parameters were evaluated prior to, 14, and 28 days after topical applications. Primary endpoints included changes in erythema area, erythema index (EI), and a* value. Transepidermal water loss rates (TEWL), stratum corneum (SC) hydration, and lactic acid sting test (LAST) score, as well as the L* value, served as secondary endpoints. RESULT: Treatments with either cream A or B markedly reduced erythema area, EI, and a* value. Significant reductions in both TEWL and L* value were also observed following topical applications of either cream A or B. Moreover, cream A decreased LAST score. Finally, the satisfaction rate of cream A was higher than that of cream B. CONCLUSION: The new herbal cream improves cutaneous biophysical properties in subjects with sensitive skin, especially in reducing erythema.

Up-regulation of hsa-miR-221-3p induced by UVB affects proliferation and apoptosis of keratinocytes via Bcl-xL/Bax pathway.

BACKGROUND: Chronic actinic dermatitis (CAD) is a photoallergic skin disease with abnormal hyperplasia. At present, the mechanism of abnormal proliferation is not clear. OBJECTIVE: To explore possible mechanism of CAD proliferative lesions. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay and small RNA sequencing were carried out. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis was performed to evaluate expression levels of hsa-miR-221-3p and FOS. The interaction between hsa-miR-221-3p and FOS was identified by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Expression of hsa-miR-221-3p also was detected by qRT-PCR after UVB irradiation. Influences of hsa-miR-221-3p and FOS on cell viability and apoptosis were assessed through a series of functional experiments and rescue experiments. Western blot analysis was used to detect protein expression of fos, Bax, Bcl-xL, and caspase-3. RESULTS: Patients with CAD had marked epidermal hyperplasia. The expression of hsa-miR-221-3p was up-regulated in CAD while FOS was significantly down-regulated. Dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed that hsa-miR-221-3p targeted FOS 3'UTR. Hsa-miR-221-3p induced by UVB ranged from 0 to 30 mJ. Moreover, hsa-miR-221-3p overexpression or FOS knockdown promoted cell proliferation and reduced cell apoptosis. Western blot showed that hsa-miR-221-3p negatively regulated fos, which regulated Bcl-xL/Bax. Cell proliferation caused by hsa-miR-221-3p overexpression or FOS knockdown could be reversed by Bcl-xL inhibitor. CONCLUSION: Hsa-miR-221-3p induced by UVB targeted FOS 3'UTR, which played an important role in regulating proliferation and apoptosis of keratinocytes via Bcl-xL/Bax pathway; this may provide a new insight for CAD proliferative lesions.

Upregulation of hsa-miR-31-3p induced by ultraviolet affects keratinocytes permeability barrier by targeting CLDN1.

Chronic actinic dermatitis (CAD) is a photoallergic skin disease with complicated pathogenesis. However, skin barrier dysfunction may be involved according to clinical manifestation. To investigate the mechanism of CAD barrier dysfunction, noninvasive detection of skin barrier and small RNA sequencing were carried out. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to evaluate the expression levels of hsa-miR-31-3p and CLDN1. The correlation between hsa-miR-31-3p and CAD severity was explored. Further, dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to identify the relationship between hsa-miR-31-3p and CLDN1. In addition, expression of hsa-miR-31-3p was detected after ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Influences of hsa-miR-31-3p on primary human keratinocytes barrier were assessed by FITC-Dextran permeability assay. Moreover, western blot was used to detect the expression of claudin-1, filaggrin, loricrin and involucrin. Our results showed that transepidermal water loss (TEWL) significantly increased in CAD, while stratum corneum hydration (SCH) significantly decreased. The expression of hsa-miR-31-3p was up-regulated in CAD while CLDN1 was down-regulated. Hsa-miR-31-3p was correlated with TEWL, UV-MED (minimal erythema dose) and clinical severity scores of CAD (CSS-CAD). Dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed that hsa-miR-31-3p targeted the 3'UTR region of CLDN1. Moreover, hsa-miR-31-3p was induced by UVB (0-30 mJ/cm2) and UVA (0-4 J/cm2). Furthermore, overexpression of hsa-miR-31-3p increased FITC-Dextran flux of primary human keratinocytes and reduced the expression of claudin-1, filaggrin, loricrin and involucrin. In conclusion, we demonstrated that hsa-miR-31-3p induced by UV was correlated with CAD severity, which played an important role in regulating keratinocytes permeability barrier through targeting CLDN1.

[Bioavailability Characteristics of Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter in Lake Gaoyou, Lake Nansi, and Lake Dongping Under Different Hydrological Scenarios].

The bio-lability of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) directly reflects its biodegradability potential, and also affects the migration and conversion of pollutants and impacts water quality. This study combines excitation-emission matrices and parallel factor analysis (EEMs-PARAFAC) with laboratory 28 days of bio-incubation experiments, and analyzed the bioavailability characteristics of CDOM samples collected from Lake Gaoyou, Lake Nansi and Lake Dongping in flood season and dry season. Our results showed that:① four fluorescent components were obtained using EEMs-PARAFAC, including a microbial humic-like C1, a terrestrial humic-like C4, a tryptophan-like C2, and a tyrosine-like C3. ② The differences of CDOM absorption pre-and post-incubation, i.e. Δa(254) of the three lakes were positive in the three lakes in the flood season, while partially negative in the dry season, indicating a quite different response of CDOM bioavailability to hydrological seasons. ③ Under different hydrological scenarios, the two humic-like components C1 and C4 increased post-bio-incubation compared with that pre-incubation for the samples collected from Lake Nansi and Lake Dongping, and the two protein-like components in Lake Nansi in both the flood and dry seasons and in Lake Dongping in the flood season (t-test, P<0.001, P=0.005) were lower in the post-than those pre-incubation. In Lake Gaoyou, C1-C3 post-incubation were significantly lower than pre-incubation (t-test, P=0.008, P=0.005). In the dry season, in comparison, C1-C4 except for C2 increased post-incubation than pre-incubation for Lake Gaoyou. This indicated that the protein-like components are unstable and more easily uptaken by microorganisms and may be potentially converted into more stable humic-like components. HIX and IC:IT of the three lakes increased post-incubation while the spectral slope S275-295 decreased, which further confirmed the aforementioned conclusion. ④ During both the flood and dry seasons, the bioavailability of the protein-like components C2-C3 and the fluorescence intensity of C1 and C4 in the inflowing river mouths of the three lakes were higher than in the remaining lake regions. It is therefore necessary to strengthen the water quality management in the inflowing river mouths of the three lakes to maintain the water quality of the lakes.

[Response of Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter Dynamics to Different Hydrological Scenarios in the Two Largest Freshwater Lakes Connected to the Yangtze River].

Poyang Lake and Dongting Lake are the two largest freshwater lakes in China connected to the Yangtze River. Changes in the water quality of the two lakes are critical to the water security of the residents surrounding the lakes. Analyses of the optical properties, including chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy coupled by parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC), were carried out to investigate the dynamics of CDOM in the two lakes in different hydrological scenarios. Our results indicated that different hydrological scenarios have more notable effects on the CDOM dynamics in Poyang Lake compared to those in Dongting Lake. In Poyang Lake, the mean CDOM absorption a(254) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were higher in the wet season than in the dry-to-wet transition season, and higher still than in the dry season (t-test, P<0.01), and the mean of the CDOM absorption spectral slope S275-295 was higher in the dry season than in the dry-to-wet transition season and higher still than in the wet season (t-test, P<0.01). In Dongting Lake, the mean of a(254) was not significantly different between different hydrological periods, and SUVA254 reached its maximum in the dry-to-wet transition season. Four fluorescent components were identified using parallel factor analysis. The contribution percentage of CDOM protein-like components in the two lakes was higher during the dry season, and the protein-like components and humic-like components contributed roughly the same amount in the dry-to-wet season, whereas the humic-like components accounted for the main proportion in both lakes during the wet season. From the perspective of spatial distribution, the fluorescence intensity of the four components of Poyang Lake was lower in the southern upstream than in the northern downstream lake regions during the dry season, whereas in the wet season a contrast pattern was found, i.e., with high values found in the upstream lake regions. The spatial difference of fluorescence intensity of the four components in the east of Dongting Lake during the dry season was greater than that in the wet season. We found that DOC increased with increasing water level (r2=0.99, P<0.01) in Poyang Lake and tryptophan-like C2 decreased with increasing water level (r2=0.99, P<0.05) in Dongting Lake. Therefore, the water quality of the two lakes should be managed in a targeted manner according to the response characteristics of CDOM in the two lakes under different hydrological scenarios.