[The importance of the cortex and subcortical structures of the brain in the perception of acute and chronic pain].

This review presents the current data in the literature about the importance of the cortex and subcortical structures of the brain in the perception of acute and chronic pain. Discussed the importance of various areas of the brain in perception discriminative and affective components of pain. Discusses also gender differences in pain perception depending on the functional activity of brain cortex and antinociceptive subcortical structures. Analyzed the morphological changes of cortical and subcortical structures of the brain in chronic pain syndromes. It is proved that the decrease in the volume of gray and white matter of cerebral cortex and subcortical structures is a consequence and not the cause of chronic pain syndrome. Discusses the features activate and deactivate certain areas of the cortex of the brain in acute and chronic pain. Analyzed same features the activation of several brain structures in migraine and cluster headache.

[Effect of chemical sympathectomy on the processes of postnatal axon myelination]. / Vliianie khimicheskoi desimpatizatsii na protsessy postnatal'noi mielinizatsii aksonov.

Ultrastructural and morphometric analysis has proved the role of sympathetic innervation in postnatal myelinization of motor nerve axons. Sympathectomy in early postnatal period of rats inhibits myelinization. This affects structure of effectors and neuromuscular contacts.

[Ultrastructural features of muscle spindle organization in a replanted limb]. / Ul'trastructurnye osobennosti organizatsii myshechnykh vereten v replantirovannoi konechnosti.

It has been shown that in a month after replantation of extremity the muscle fibres survive. Some of them have got good safety, in others--destructive-degenerative changes prevail. The reinnervation processes were not perfect because of the disturbance of axon-Schwann interrelations and as a result of this--the presence of the degenerative forms of Schwann cells.

[Analysis of the causes of incomplete structural and functional restoration of the skeletal muscles after severe traumatic injury to the limb (ultrastructural study)]. / Analiz prichin nepolnogo strukturno-funktsional'nogo vosstanovleniia skeletnykh myshts posle tiazhelogo travmaticheskogo povrezhdeniia konechnosti (ul'trastrukturnoe issledovanie).

The work is concerned with light-optic and ultrastructural analysis of the causes of incomplete structural and functional restoration of skeletal muscles after extensive trauma and replantation of the limb. It was found that posttraumatic myogenesis was limited due to change of some of the satellite cells from the myogenic type of development to differentiation with the formation of fibroblast-like cells. In distinction from the embryonal cells, the myoblasts form the surrounding basal membranes earlier which prevents their fusion and the formation of the myosymplast. The features of the macrophageal reaction, its permanency lead to accumulation of collagen in the interstitium. Progressing secondary neurogenic atrophy develops at the tissue level. The developing posttraumatic microangiopathies are the cause of secondary destructive changes in the muscles. The disorders of tissue nutrition and the progressing atrophic and destructive-degenerative processes gear the autoimmune mechanisms in the late periods which is conducive to stable chronicity of the pathological process in the muscle.

[Features of the structural-functional organization of muscles of replanted rat limb]. / Osobennosti strukturno-funktsional'noi organizatsii myshts replantirovannoi konechnosti krys.

The article characterizes the structural-functional organization of fast and slow muscles of replanted rat limb by methods of light-optic, ultrastructural, and morphometric analysis. The results of the study allowed a conclusion to be drawn that the initial organization of the muscles is not restored in the late terms after replantation. New structural-functional units form in them which differ from the initial system of functioning and vitality provision. Grounds for advancement of destructive-degenerative changes are laid down in the newly formed system of neuro-muscular and vascular-tissue relations. The possible vascular, neural, and autoimmune mechanisms of timing of the pathological process in the replant muscles are discussed.

[Characteristics of the course of regeneration process in the muscles of replanted rat extremities]. / Osobennosti techeniia regeneratornogo protsessa v myshtsakh replantirovannoi konechnosti krys.

The analysis of the changes in the muscles of replanted terminals in early and late stages was made by the method of electron microscopy. In early stages neurogenic atrophy was observed which progressed due to the destructive-regenerative process caused by incomplete innervation, deepening microcirculatory disorders and, likely, autoimmune reactions.

[Neurohistochemical and ultrastructural study of the adrenergic innervation of the wall of the rat posterior vena cava during chronic venous hypertension caused by experimental oleothorax]. / Neirogistokhimicheskoe i ul'trastrukturnoe izuchenie adrenergicheskoi innervatsii stenki zadnei poloi veny krys pri khronicheskoi venoznoi gipertenzii, vyzvannoi éksperimental'nym oleotoraksom.

Chronic venous hypertension in rats was provoked by injection of polymethyloxane into the pleural cavity. Hypertrophy of muscular tissue was accompanied by reconstitution of adrenergic nervous structures. In the early stages (up to 40 days), the changes in the latter are reactive in nature: first there occurs a weakening of luminescence, rare-fraction of the network and then "hyperneuria". Pulmonary heart formation was followed by marked hypertrophy of SMC, increased density of adrenergic fibers, convergence of SMC and nerve terminals (synapse formation).