RESUMEN
The ability of fungi to effectively sense and internalize signals related to extracellular changing environments is essential for survival. This adaptability is particularly important for fungal pathogens of humans and plants that must sense and respond to drastic environmental changes when colonizing their hosts. One of the most important physicochemical factors affecting fungal growth and development is the pH. Ascomycota fungal species possess mechanisms such as the Pal/Rim pathway for external pH sensing and adaptation. However, the conservation of this mechanism in other fungi, such as Ustilaginomycetes is still little studied. To overcome this knowledge gap, we used a comparative genomic approach to explore the conservation of the Pal/Rim pathway in the 13 best sequenced and annotated Ustilaginomycetes. Our findings reveal that the Rim proteins and the Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT) proteins are conserved in Ustilaginomycetes. They conserve the canonical domains present in Pal/Rim and ESCRT proteins of Ascomycota. This study sheds light on the molecular mechanisms used by these fungi for responding to extracellular stresses such as the pH, and open the door to further experimentations for understanding the molecular bases of the signaling in Ustilaginomycetes.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas Fúngicas , Proteínas Fúngicas/genética , Proteínas Fúngicas/metabolismo , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Transducción de Señal , Ascomicetos/genética , Ascomicetos/metabolismo , Complejos de Clasificación Endosomal Requeridos para el Transporte/metabolismo , Complejos de Clasificación Endosomal Requeridos para el Transporte/genética , FilogeniaRESUMEN
Resumen El presente artículo indaga sobre los fundamentos y las características del discurso de desarrollo acuñado por el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo a finales de la década de los sesenta del siglo pasado en América Latina. La perspectiva histórica que abordó, permitió comprender cómo desde la celebración del encuentro de gobernadores en Bogotá en 1969, el Banco adelantó una acción estratégica en la región basada en reformas institucionales y vinculadas con las agendas gubernamentales alineadas con las políticas de seguridad provenientes de Washington durante la guerra fría.
Abstract: This article investigates the foundations and features of the development discourse coined by the Inter-American Development Bank at the end of the 1960s in Latin America. The historical perspective that it addressed, allowed to understand how since the celebration of the Governorsı meeting in Bogota in 1969, the Bank advanced a strategic action in the region based on institutional reforms and linked to governmental agendas aligned with the security policies coming from Washington during the Cold War.
RESUMEN
Resumen A partir de la identificación de las aporías del mal radical, se reconstruyen los presupuestos de la teórica ética kantiana, para demostrar que éstos son imprescindibles en la fundamentación de las acciones que se requieren para enfrentar las violaciones sistemáticas a los derechos humanos que consisten en los crímenes de lesa humanidad y genocidio. Precisamente estas tecnologías de poder atentan contra los pilares de la modernidad filosófica, razón por la cual a pesar de la perplejidad teórica y jurídica que ocasionó su aparición, sus remedios sin duda deben fundamentarse en el afianzamiento y supremacía del principio de dignidad humana.
Abstract From the identification of the aporias of the radical evil, the assumptions of the theoretical Kantian ethics are reconstructed, to demonstrate that these are essential in the foundation of the actions, which are required to confront the systematic violations to human rights consisting of crimes against humanity and genocide. Precisely these technologies of power undermine the pillars of the philosophical modernity, it is the reason why in spite of the theoretical and juridical perplexity that caused its appearance, and their remedies must certainly be based on the reinforcement and supremacy of the principle of human dignity.
