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Background: Overnight, physicians in training receive less direct supervision. Decreased direct supervision requires trainees to appropriately assess patients at risk of clinical deterioration and escalate to supervising physicians. Failure of trainees to escalate contributes to adverse patient safety events. Objective: To standardize the evaluation of patients at risk of deterioration overnight by internal medicine residents, increase communication between residents and supervising physicians, and improve perceptions of patient safety at a tertiary academic medical center. Methods: A multidisciplinary stakeholder team developed an overnight escalation-of-care protocol for residents. The protocol was implemented with badge buddies and an educational campaign targeted at residents, supervising physicians, and nursing staff. Residents and supervising physicians completed anonymous surveys to assess the use of the protocol; the frequency of overnight communication between residents and supervising physicians; and perceptions of escalation and patient safety before, immediately after ("early postintervention"), and 8 months after ("delayed postintervention") the intervention. Results: Seventy-five (100%) residents participated in the intervention, and 57-89% of those invited to complete surveys at the various time points responded. After the intervention, 82% of residents reported using the protocol, though no change was observed in the frequency of communication between residents and supervising physicians. After the implementation, residents perceived that patient care was safer (early postintervention, 47%; delayed postintervention, 72%; P = 0.02), and interns expressed decreased fear of waking and being criticized by supervising physicians. Conclusion: An escalation-of-care protocol was developed and successfully implemented using a multimodal approach. The implementation and dissemination of the protocol standardized resident escalation overnight and improved resident-perceived patient safety and interns' comfort with escalation.
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BACKGROUND: Blood transfusion is a complex process at risk for error. OBJECTIVE: To implement a structured handoff during the blood transfusion process to improve delivery verification. METHODS: A multidisciplinary team participated in the quality academy training program at an academic medical center and implemented a structured handoff of blood delivery to the operating room (OR) using Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles between 28 October 2019 and 1 December 2019. An interrupted time-series analysis was performed to investigate the proportions of verified deliveries (primary outcome) and of verified deliveries among those without a handoff (secondary outcome). Delivery duration was also assessed. RESULTS: A total of 2606 deliveries occurred from 1 July 2019 to 19 April 2020. The baseline trend for verified deliveries was unchanging [parameter coefficient -0.0004; 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.002 to 0.001; P = 0.623]. Following intervention, there was an immediate level change (parameter coefficient 0.115; 95% CI 0.053 to 0.176; P = 0.001) without slope change (parameter coefficient 0.002; 95% CI -0.004 to 0.007; P = 0.559). For the secondary outcome, there was no immediate level change (parameter coefficient -0.039; 95% CI -0.159 to 0.081; P = 0.503) or slope change (parameter coefficient 0.002; 95% CI -0.022 to 0.025; P = 0.866). The mean (SD) delivery duration during the intervention was 12.4 (2.8) min and during the post-intervention period was 9.6 (1.6) min (mean difference 2.8; 95% CI 0.9 to 4.8; P = 0.008). CONCLUSION: Using the quality academy framework supported the implementation of a structured handoff during blood delivery to the OR, resulting in a significant increase in verified deliveries.
Asunto(s)
Quirófanos , Pase de Guardia , Centros Médicos Académicos , Humanos , Análisis de Series de Tiempo InterrumpidoRESUMEN
Los cambios demográficos asimétricos en la población mundial, dados especialmente por la magnitud del envejecimiento, han llevado a tomar medidas sanitarias urgentes en especial desde la formulación de políticas públicas que estén encaminadas al bienestar del adulto mayor. En los países latinoamericanos, en donde las condiciones de pobreza y desigualdad en el acceso a los derechos sociales fundamentales -incluyendo el derecho a la alimentación- son críticas, el problema se incrementa, dado que muchos de los adultos mayores son vulnerables por estas circunstancias. Algunos se encuentran en desnutrición y con enfermedades crónicas y funcionales, abandono, exclusión social, indigencia o carecen del privilegio de acceder a un subsidio o a una pensión por el Estado, otros no son vinculados por los programas de asistencia integral, llevando a que esta colectividad presente una calidad de vida deficiente, poco digna y con deficiencias nutricionales. Estas situaciones serían el soporte para la formulación de políticas que protejan la fragilidad social de este grupo poblacional.
Demographic asymmetrical changes in the world's population, related to the magnitude of aging, have led to urgent healthcare measures being taken, especially since the formulation of public policy aimed at the welfare of the elderly. This situation worsens in Latin-American countries where poverty is rife and there is inequality regarding access to basic social rights, including the right to food, because many of the elderly are vulnerable in such circumstances. Some suffer malnutrition and/or chronic and functional diseases, live in poverty or lack the privilege of receiving a state grant or pension whilst others have been abandoned by their families, are socially excluded or do not come within the bounds of comprehensive assistance programmes, leading to this community being undignified, having a poor quality of life and suffering nutritional deficiencies. Such situations should provide support for the formulation of policy aimed at protecting this population group's social fragility.
