A quantitative study of bone defects in displaced femoral neck fractures based on virtual reduction techniques.

BACKGROUND: Bone defects in femoral neck fractures are strongly associated with the prognosis after internal fixation. However, qualitative analysis of bone defects in femoral neck fractures has already been performed, quantitative studies have not been reported. In this study, we aimed to systematically analyse the morphological characteristics of bone defects in patients with femoral neck fractures using computed tomography (CT) images combined with computer image analysis techniques. METHODS: Four hundred and sixty-nine patients with femoral neck fractures from January 2014 to December 2018 at two grade A tertiary hospitals were included. Models were created in Mimics software based on CT images collected within 1 week after injury and then imported into 3-matic software for virtual reduction. The volume of the bone defect (VBD), maximum defect thickness (MDT), extent of the bone defect region (EBDR) , main defect quadrant (MDQ), collapse type and fracture classification were calculated and recorded. RESULTS: The EBDR, collapse type and MDT all had a significant positive effect on the VBD (P <0.05), with a more significant effect at higher quantiles. Age also had a significant positive effect on the VBD (P < 0.05), but its effect was more pronounced at lower quantiles. Compared to non-subcapital fractures, subcapital fractures had a positive effect on the VBD only at the 50 and 75% quantiles (P < 0.01). The female sex had a significant negative effect on the VBD compared to the male sex (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study established a reliable computer image processing method for quantitative analysis of the VBD in femoral neck fractures and revealed that all patients with femoral neck fractures had bone defects, which can occur at any part of the femoral neck. The EBDR, MDT, collapse type, and patient age and sex were all important risk factors for the extent of the defect and should be taken into account in surgical planning.

[Femoral head necrosis rate and risk factors after internal fixation of femoral neck fracture:a Meta-analysis].

OBJECTIVE: To study the incidence and risk factors of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) after internal fixation in adult patients with femoral neck fracture (FNF) after 2000, and identify high-risk population of ONFH. METHODS: PubMed, Medline, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP Database were searched to collect all the literatures on ONFH and related risk factors after internal fixation of FNF from January 1th 2000 to July 1th 2020. Study extraction was performed according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Endnote X9 and Excel 2019 were used for literatures extraction, management and data entry, and R Studio 3.6.5 software was used for Meta-analysis. Subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis and publication bias detection were used to explore the sources of heterogeneity and the reliability of the evaluation results. RESULTS: A total of 16 studies with 5521 patients were included. Meta-analysis showed that the incidence of ONFH after internal fixation for adult FNF was 14.5% [95% CI(0.126-0.165)]. Fracture displacement[OR=0.27, 95%CI(0.21-0.35)] and reduction quality [OR=0.15, 95%CI(0.09-0.27)] were related risk factors for ONFH. The results of subgroup rate analysis showed that the non-displaced fracture necrosis rate was 6.2%[95%CI(0.051-0.077)] and the displaced fracture necrosis rate was 20.4% [95%CI(0.166-0.249)];the good reduction fracture necrosis rate was 8.3%[95%CI(0.072-0.095)] and the poor reduction fracture necrosis rate was 35.5%[95%CI(0.233-0.500)]. The included literatures have good consistency and no publication bias. CONCLUSION: After 2000, the total incidence of ONFH after internal fixation of adult FNF has decreased, while the necrosis rates of patients with displaced fracture and poor reduction are still at a high level. The interval between injury and surgery was not analyzed in this study because of the inconstant division in the original literature.

Prevalence of insomnia and anxiety among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Jilin Province.

The outbreak of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has impacted the mental health of healthcare providers at the frontline. Therefore, we conducted this study to estimate the prevalence rate of anxiety and insomnia and identify associated risk factors among healthcare workers in Jilin, China, during the period from January 25 to February 25, 2020. Zung's Self-Reported Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) scale were used to diagnose anxiety and insomnia, respectively. Associated risk factors were identified through a multivariate logistic regression model. A total of 300 healthcare workers were invited and 236 completed the study. Of them, 234 (99.15%) were medical workers, 197 (83.47%) were working at frontline departments, and 159 (67.37%) were fighting against COVID-19. Fifty-seven respondents (24.15%) had anxiety (SAS index score ≥45) and 94 (39.83%) had insomnia (ISI score ≥8). Based on the multivariate analysis, contact with people from Hubei province during work (no vs not clear) [OR=0.25, 95%CI: 0.10-0.61] and personal protective equipment (PPE) (not in place vs in place) [OR=6.22, 95%CI: 2.23-17.40] were significantly correlated with anxiety. PPE (not in place vs in place) was the only significant risk factor of insomnia [OR=10.56, 95%CI: 4.00-27.87]. The prevalence of anxiety and insomnia was high in our study, reflecting the psychological impact of COVID-19 on healthcare workers. The unavailability of PPE in place was a significant risk factor of both anxiety and insomnia.

Prevalence of insomnia and anxiety among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Jilin Province

The outbreak of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has impacted the mental health of healthcare providers at the frontline. Therefore, we conducted this study to estimate the prevalence rate of anxiety and insomnia and identify associated risk factors among healthcare workers in Jilin, China, during the period from January 25 to February 25, 2020. Zung's Self-Reported Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) scale were used to diagnose anxiety and insomnia, respectively. Associated risk factors were identified through a multivariate logistic regression model. A total of 300 healthcare workers were invited and 236 completed the study. Of them, 234 (99.15%) were medical workers, 197 (83.47%) were working at frontline departments, and 159 (67.37%) were fighting against COVID-19. Fifty-seven respondents (24.15%) had anxiety (SAS index score ≥45) and 94 (39.83%) had insomnia (ISI score ≥8). Based on the multivariate analysis, contact with people from Hubei province during work (no vs not clear) [OR=0.25, 95%CI: 0.10-0.61] and personal protective equipment (PPE) (not in place vs in place) [OR=6.22, 95%CI: 2.23-17.40] were significantly correlated with anxiety. PPE (not in place vs in place) was the only significant risk factor of insomnia [OR=10.56, 95%CI: 4.00-27.87]. The prevalence of anxiety and insomnia was high in our study, reflecting the psychological impact of COVID-19 on healthcare workers. The unavailability of PPE in place was a significant risk factor of both anxiety and insomnia.

Deficits in motor and cognitive functions in an adult mouse model of hypoxia-ischemia induced stroke.

Ischemic strokes cause devastating brain damage and functional deficits with few treatments available. Previous studies have shown that the ischemia-hypoxia rapidly induces clinically similar thrombosis and neuronal loss, but any resulting behavioral changes are largely unknown. The goal of this study was to evaluate motor and cognitive deficits in adult HI mice. Following a previously established procedure, HI mouse models were induced by first ligating the right common carotid artery and followed by hypoxia. Histological data showed significant long-term neuronal losses and reactive glial cells in the ipsilateral striatum and hippocampus of the HI mice. Whereas the open field test and the rotarod test could not reliably distinguish between the sham and HI mice, in the tapered beam and wire-hanging tests, the HI mice showed short-term and long-term deficits, as evidenced by the increased number of foot faults and decreased hanging time respectively. In cognitive tests, the HI mice swam longer distances and needed more time to find the platform in the Morris water maze test and showed shorter freezing time in fear contextual tests after fear training. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that adult HI mice have motor and cognitive deficits and could be useful models for preclinical stroke research.

Structure characterization and immunocompetence of a glucan from the fruiting bodies of Cantharellus cibarius.

A protein-bound polysaccharide fraction (JBP-1) was obtained from the fruiting bodies of Cantharellus cibarius. Its chemical composition was studied by the cooperative usage of multiple chemical and spectral methods and characterized to be a fraction with a molecular weight of 4.8 × 10(5) Da and only composed of glucose. Methylation analysis revealed that the sugar residues in JBP-1 are existing as t-, 1,6-, and 1,3,6-linked Glcp sugar residues. The immunocompetence of the fraction was evaluated with the proliferation assay of mouse splenocytes, and the result revealed that JBP-1 could significantly stimulate the proliferation of mouse splenocytes in a dose-dependent manner, with p < 0.001 at the concentration of 100 µg/ml and 30 µg/ml, p < 0.05 at 10 µg/ml. These results give us a primary scientific evidence to further explore the pharmaceutical function of this mushroom.

Structure elucidation and immunological activity of a novel polysaccharide from the fruit bodies of an edible mushroom, Sarcodon aspratus (Berk.) S. Ito.

A water-soluble polysaccharide with a molar weight of 4.3x10(5)Da, termed as HBP was isolated from the fruit bodies of an edible mushroom, Sarcodon aspratus (Berk.) S. Ito. Composition, methylation analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy experiments were conducted to elucidate its structure. The results indicated that HBP is a glucan featuring a backbone of (1-->6)-linked-beta-d-glucopyranosyl residues, which occasionally branched at O-3 position on along the backbone and substituted by the side chains that consisting of (1-->3)-linked-beta-d-glucopyranosyl, (1-->4)-linked-beta-d-glucopyranosyl and non-reducing end beta-d-glucopyranosyl residues. Immunological activity evaluation by H(3)-thymidine incorporation method revealed that HBP can significantly stimulate the proliferation of the cultured mice spleen lymphocyte in a dose-dependent manner, thus, HBP is a promising potential immunomodulator that can be used as healthcare food or medicine against pathogens and tumors.

[Multicenter controlled study on transient asthma-stopping action of acupuncture at "Qingchuan point"].

OBJECTIVE: To test and verify the transient therapeutic effect of acupuncture at point "Qingchuan" on bronchial asthma. METHODS: Two hundred cases of bronchial asthma at acute attack stage were divided into a trial group of 100 cases treated with acupuncture at point "Qingchuan" and a control group of 100 cases treated with acupuncture at Dingchuan (EX-B1). RESULTS: The total effective rate was 92.60% and the effect occurred within 42-860 seconds after acupuncture in the trial group, and 81.0% and within 114-126 seconds in the control group, respectively, with very significant differences between the two groups (P < 0.01, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Acupuncture at point "Qingchuan" can significantly improve asthmatic state in the patient of bronchial asthma with action of rapidly stopping asthma.