Targeted nanoprobe for magnetic resonance imaging-guided enhanced antitumor via synergetic photothermal/immunotherapy.

Synergistic photothermal/immunotherapy has garnered significant attention for its potential to enhance tumor therapeutic outcomes. However, the fabrication of an intelligent system with a simple composition that simultaneously exerts photothermal/immunotherapy effect and imaging guidance function still remains a challenge. Herein, a glutathione (GSH)-responsive theranostic nanoprobe, named HA-MnO2/ICG, was elaborately constructed by loading photothermal agent (PTA) indocyanine green (ICG) onto the surface of hyaluronic acid (HA)-modified manganese dioxide nanosheets (HA-MnO2) for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging-guided synergetic photothermal/immuno-enhanced therapy. In this strategy, HA-MnO2 nanosheets were triggered by the endogenous GSH in tumor microenvironment to generate Mn2+ for MR imaging, where the longitudinal relaxation rate of HA-MnO2/ICG was up to 14.97 mM-1s-1 (∼24 times than that found in a natural environment), demonstrating excellent intratumoral MR imaging. Moreover, the HA-MnO2/ICG nanoprobe demonstrates remarkable photothermal therapy (PTT) efficacy, generating sufficient heat to induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) within tumor cells. Meanwhile the released Mn2+ ions from the nanosheets function as potent immune adjuvants, amplifying the immune response against cancer. In vivo experiments validated that HA-MnO2/ICG-mediated PTT was highly effective in eradicating primary tumors, while simultaneously enhancing immunogenicity to prevent the growth of distal metastasis. This hybrid HA-MnO2/ICG nanoprobe opened new avenues in the design of MR imaging-monitored PTT/immuno-enhanced synergistic therapy for advanced cancer.

A Dynamically Ion-Sieved Electrolyte towards Ultralong-Lifespan Zn-Ion Batteries.

The practical deployment of Zn-ion batteries faces challenges such as dendrite growth, side reactions and cathode dissolution in traditional electrolytes. Here, we develop a highly conductive and dynamically ion-sieved electrolyte to simultaneously enhance the Zn metal reversibility and suppress the cathode dissolution. The dynamic ion screen at the electrode/electrolyte interface is achieved by numerous pyrane rings with a radius of 3.69 Å, which can selectively facilitate the plating/stripping and insertion/extraction process of [Zn(H2O)6]2+ and Zn2+ on the anode and cathode surfaces. As a proof of concept, Zn//Zn symmetric cells deliver exceptional cyclic stability for over 6,800 h and ultrahigh cumulative plated capacity of 3.9 Ah cm-2. Zn//Na2Mn3O7 cells exhibit satisfactory cycling performance with capacity retention of 82.7% after 4,000 cycles, and the assembled pouch cells achieve excellent stability and durability. This work provides valuable insights into the development of electrolytes aimed at enhancing the interface stability of aqueous batteries.

SnF2-Catalyzed Lithiophilic-Lithiophobic Gradient Interface for High-Rate PEO-based All-Solid-State Batteries.

Polyethylene oxide (PEO)-based all solid-state lithium metal batteries (ASSLMBs) are strongly hindered by the fast dendrite growth at the Li metal/electrolyte interface, especially under large rates. The above issue stems from the suboptimal interfacial chemistry and poor Li+ transport kinetics during cycling. Herein, a SnF2-catalyzed lithiophilic-lithiophobic gradient solid electrolyte interphase (SCG-SEI) of LixSny/LiF-Li2O is in-situ formed. The superior ionic LiF-Li2O rich upper layer (17.1 nm) possesses high interfacial energy and fast Li+ diffusion channels, wherein lithiophilic LixSny alloy layer (8.4 nm) could highly reduce the nucleation overpotential with lower diffusion barrier and promote rapid electron transportation for reversible Li+ plating/stripping. Simultaneously, the insoluble SnF2-coordinated PEO promotes the rapid Li+ ion transport in the bulk phase. As a result, an over 46.7 and 3.5 times improvements for lifespan and critical current density of symmetrical cells are achieved, respectively. Furthermore, LiFePO4-based ASSLMBs deliver a recorded cycling performance at 5 C (over 1000 cycles with a capacity retention of 80.0%). More importantly, impressive electrochemical performances and safety tests with LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 and pouch cell with LiFePO4, even under extreme conditions (i.e., 100 ℃), are also demonstrated, reconfirmed the importance of lithiophilic-lithiophobic gradient interfacial chemistry in the design of high-rate ASSLMBs for safety applications.

pH/glutathione-responsive theranostic nanoprobes for chemoimmunotherapy and magnetic resonance imaging of ovarian cancer cells.

The integration of immunotherapy and standard chemotherapy holds great promise for enhanced anticancer effects. In this study, we prepared a pH- and glutathione (GSH)-sensitive manganese-doped mesoporous silicon (MMSNs) based drug delivery system by integrating paclitaxel (PTX) and anti-programmed cell death-ligand 1 antibody (aPD-L1), and encapsulating with polydopamine (PDA) for chemoimmunosynergic treatment of ovarian cancer cells. The nanosystem was degraded in response to the tumor weakly acidic and reductive microenvironment. The Mn2+ produced by degradation can be used as a contrast agent for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to provide visual exposure to tumor tissue. The released PTX can not only kill tumor cells directly, but also induce immunogenic death (ICD) of tumor cells, which can play a synergistic therapeutic effect with aPD-L1. Therefore, our study is expected to provide a promising strategy for improving the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy and the detection rate of cancer.

Unraveling Mechanism for Microstructure Engineering toward High-Capacity Nickel-Rich Cathode Materials.

Microstructural engineering on nickel-rich layered oxide (NRLO) cathode materials is considered a promising approach to increase both the capacity and lifespan of lithium-ion batteries by introducing high valence-state elements. However, rational regulation on NRLO microstructures based on a deep understanding of its capacity enhancement mechanism remains challenging. Herein for the first time, it is demonstrated that an increase of 14 mAh g-1 in reversible capacity at the first cycle can be achieved via tailoring the micro and nano structure of NRLO through introducing tungsten. Aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) characterization reveals that the formation of a modified microstructure featured as coherent spinel twin boundaries. Theoretical modeling and electrochemical investigations further demonstrate that the capacity increase mechanism is related to such coherent spinel twin boundaries, which can lower the Li+ diffusion barrier and thus allow more Li+ to participate in deeper phase transitions. Meanwhile, the surface and grain boundaries of NRLOs are found to be modified by generating a dense and uniform LiWxOy phase, which further extends its cycle life by reducing side reactions with electrolytes. This work enables a comprehensive understanding of the capacity-increased mechanism and endows the remarkable potential of microstructural engineering for capacity- and lifespan-increased NRLOs.

Discovering the Order-Disorder Transition in Quinoline Intercalated Vanadium Oxide with Superior Calcium Storage via Polyhedral Distortion.

Calcium-ion batteries (CIBs) are considered as potential next-generation energy storage systems due to their abundant reserves and relatively low cost. However, irreversible structural changes and weak conductivity still hinder in current CIBs cathode materials. Herein, an organic molecular intercalation strategy is proposed, in which V2O5 regulated with quinoline, pyridine, and water molecules are studied as cathode material to provide fast ion diffusion channels, large storage host, and high conductivity for Ca ions. Among them, V2O5-quinoline (QVO) owns the largest interplanar spacing of 1.25 nm and the V-O chains are connected with organic molecular by hydrogen bond, which stabilizes the crystal structure. As a result, QVO exhibits a specific capacity of 168 mAh g-1 at 1 A g-1 and capacity retention of 80% after 500 cycles at 5 A g-1 than the other materials. Furthermore, X-Ray diffraction and X-ray absorption spectroscopy results reveal a reversible order-disorder transformation mechanism of Ca2+ for QVO, which can make full use of the abundant active sites for high capacity and simultaneously achieve fast reaction kinetics for excellent rate performance. These results demonstrate that QVO is a promising cathode material for CIBs, providing more choices for the development of high-performance CIBs.

Entanglement Added to Cross-Linked Chains Enables Tough Gelatin-Based Hydrogel for Zn Metal Batteries.

Currently, it is still challenging to develop a hydrogel electrolyte matrix that can successfully achieve a harmonious combination of mechanical strength, ionic conductivity, and interfacial adaptability. Herein, a multi-networked hydrogel electrolyte with a high entanglement effect based on gelatin/oxidized dextran/methacrylic anhydride, denoted as ODGelMA is constructed. Attribute to the Schiff base network formulation of ─RC═N─, oxidized dextran integrated gelatin chains induce a dense hydrophilic conformation group. Furthermore, addition of methacrylic anhydride through a grafting process, the entangled hydrogel achieves impressive mechanical features (6.8 MPa tensile strength) and high ionic conductivity (3.68 mS cm-1 at 20 °C). The ODGelMA electrolyte regulates the zinc electrode by circumventing dendrite growth, and showcases an adaptable framework reservoir to accelerate the Zn2+ desolvation process. Benefiting from the entanglement effect, the Zn anode achieves an outstanding average Coulombic efficiency (CE) of 99.8% over 500 cycles and cycling stability of 900 h at 5 mA cm-2 and 2.5 mAh cm-2. The Zn||I2 full cell yields an ultra-long cycling stability of 10 000 cycles with a capacity retention of 92.4% at 5 C. Furthermore, a 60 mAh single-layer pouch cell maintains a stable work of 350 cycles.

Phase Evolution of Multi-Metal Dichalcogenides With Conversion-Alloying Hybrid Mechanism for Superior Lithium Storage.

Traditional lithium-ion battery (LIB) anodes, whether intercalation-type like graphite or alloying-type like silicon, employing a single lithium storage mechanism, are often limited by modest capacity or substantial volume changes. Here, the kesterite multi-metal dichalcogenide (CZTSSe) is introduced as an anode material that harnesses a conversion-alloying hybrid lithium storage mechanism. Results unveil that during the charge-discharge processes, the CZTSSe undergoes a comprehensive phase evolution, transitioning from kesterite structure to multiple dominant phases of sulfides, selenides, metals, and alloys. The involvement of multi-components facilitates electron transport and mitigates swelling stress; meanwhile, it results in formation of abundant defects and heterojunctions, allowing for increased lithium storage active sites and reduced lithium diffusion barrier. The CZTSSe delivers a high specific capacity of up to 2266 mA h g-1 at 0.1 A g-1; while, maintaining a stable output of 116 mA h g-1 after 10 000 cycles at 20 A g-1. It also demonstrates remarkable low-temperature performance, retaining 987 mA h g-1 even after 600 cycles at -40 °C. When employed in full cells, a high specific energy of 562 Wh kg-1 is achieved, rivalling many state-of-the-art LIBs. This research offers valuable insights into the design of LIB electrodes leveraging multiple lithium storage mechanisms.

A Temperature Self-Adaptive Electrolyte for Wide-Temperature Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries.

The advancement of aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) is often hampered by the dendritic zinc growth and the parasitic side reactions between the zinc anode and the aqueous electrolyte, especially under extreme temperature conditions. This study unveils the performance decay mechanism of zinc anodes in harsh environments, characterized by "dead zinc" at low temperatures and aggravated hydrogen evolution and adverse by-products at elevated temperatures. To address these issues, a temperature self-adaptive electrolyte (TSAE), founded on the competitive coordination principle of co-solvent and anions, is introduced. This electrolyte exhibits a dynamic solvation capability, engendering an inorganic-rich solid electrolyte interface (SEI) at low temperatures while an organic alkyl ether- and alkyl carbonate-containing SEI at elevated temperatures. The self-adaptability of the electrolyte significantly enhances the performance of the zinc anode across a broad temperature range. A Zn//Zn symmetrical cell, based on the TSAE, showcases reversible plating/stripping exceeding 16 800 h (>700 d) at room temperature under 1 mA cm-2 and 1 mAh cm-2, setting a record of lifespan. Furthermore, the TSAE enables stable operation of the zinc full batteries across an ultrawide temperature range of -35 to 75 °C. This work illuminates a pathway for optimizing AZIBs under extreme temperatures by fine-tuning the interfacial chemistry.

Computed tomography-guided microwave ablation for right middle lobe pulmonary nodules: a retrospective, single-center, case-control study.

PURPOSE: This retrospective, single-center, case-control study evaluated the safety and efficacy of Computed tomography (CT)-guided microwave ablation (MWA) for pulmonary nodules located in the right middle lobe (RML), a challenging location associated with a high frequency of complications. METHODS: Between May 2020 and April 2022, 71 patients with 71 RML pulmonary nodules underwent 71 MWA sessions. To comparison, 142 patients with 142 pulmonary nodules in non-RML were selected using propensity score matching. The technical success, technique efficacy, complications, and associated factors were analyzed. The duration of the procedure and post-ablation hospital stay were also recorded. RESULTS: Technical success was achieved in 100% of all patients. There were no significant differences in technique efficacy rates between the RML and non-RML groups (97.2% vs. 95.1%, p = 0.721). However, both major (47.9% vs. 19.7%, p < 0.001) and minor (26.8% vs. 11.3%, p = 0.004) pneumothorax were more common in the RML group than non-RML group. MWA for RML pulmonary nodules was identified as an independent risk factor for pneumothorax (p < 0.001). The duration of procedures (51.7 min vs. 35.3 min, p < 0.001) and post-ablation hospital stays (4.7 days vs. 2.8 days, p < 0.001) were longer in the RML group than non-RML group. CONCLUSIONS: CT-guided MWA for RML pulmonary nodules showed comparable efficacy compared with other lobes, but posed a higher risk of pneumothorax complications, necessitating longer MWA procedure times and extended hospital stays.

Stability and encapsulation properties of daidzein in zein/carrageenan/sodium alginate nanoparticles with ultrasound treatment.

This study aimed to prepare carrageenan/sodium alginate double-stabilized layers of zein nanoparticles loaded with daidzein using ultrasound technology to investigate the effect of ultrasound treatment on the stability of composite nanoparticles and encapsulation of daidzein. Compared with composite nanoparticles without ultrasound treatment, the encapsulation efficiency of nanoparticles was increased (90.36 %) after ultrasound treatment (320 W, 15 min). Ultrasound treatment reduced the particle size and PDI of nanoparticles and improved the stability and solubility of nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the nanoparticles treated with ultrasound were smooth spherical and uniformly distributed. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results showed that the main forces that form nanoparticles are hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions and hydrophobic interactions. Fluorescence and CD chromatography showed that ultrasound treatment alters the secondary structure of zein and maintains nanoparticle stability. Encapsulation of daidzein in nanocarriers with ultrasound treatment can effectively scavenge DPPH and ABTS free radicals, improve antioxidant activity, and realize the slow release of daidzein in the gastrointestinal tract. The results showed that ultrasonication helps the construction of hydrophobic bioactives delivery carriers and provides better protection for unstable bioactives.

Initiating a High-Rate and Stable Aqueous Air Battery by Using Organic N-Heterocycle Anode.

Alkaline metal-air batteries are advantageous in high voltage, low cost, and high safety. However, metal anodes are heavily eroded in strong alkaline electrolytes, causing serious side reactions including dendrite growth, passivation, and hydrogen evolution. To address this limitation, we successfully synthesized an organic N-heterocycle compound (NHCC) to serve as an alternative anode. This compound not only exhibits remarkable stability but also possesses a low redox potential (-1.04 V vs. Hg/HgO) in alkaline environments. To effectively complement the low redox potential of the NHCC anode, we designed a dual-salt highly concentrated electrolyte (4.0 M KOH+10.0 M KCF3 SO3 ). This electrolyte expands the electrochemical stability window to 2.3 V through the robust interaction between the O atom in H2 O molecule with the K+ of KCF3 SO3 (H-O⋅⋅⋅KCF3 SO3 ). We further demonstrated the K+ uptaken/extraction storage mechanism of NHCC anodes. Consequently, the alkaline aqueous NHCC anode-air batteries delivers a high battery voltage of 1.6 V, high-rate performance (101.9 mAh g-1 at 100 A g-1 ) and long cycle ability (30,000 cycles). Our work offers a molecular engineering strategy for superior organic anode materials and develops a novel double superconcentrated conductive salt electrolyte for the construction of high-rate, long-cycle alkaline aqueous organic anode-air batteries.

Preparation of magnetic dialdehyde starch-immobilized phospholipase A1 and acyl transfer in reflection.

In this paper, using a coprecipitation method to prepare Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4 MNPS), magnetic dialdehyde starch nanoparticles with immobilized phospholipase A1 (MDSNIPLA) were successfully prepared by using green dialdehyde starch (DAS) instead of glutaraldehyde as the crosslinking agent. The Fe3O4 MNPS was characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis method, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) et al. The results showed that the alkaline resistance and acid resistance of the enzyme were improved after the crosslinking of DAS. After repeated use (seven times), the relative activity of MDSNIPLA reached 56 %, and the magnetic dialdehyde starch nanoparticles (MDASN) had good carrier performance. MDSNIPLA was applied to enzymatic hydrolysis of phospholipids in the soybean oil degumming process. The results showed that the acyl transfer rate of sn-2-HPA was 14.01 %, and the content of free fatty acids was 1.144 g/100 g after 2 h reaction at 50 °C and pH 5.0 with appropriate boric acid. The immobilized enzyme has good thermal stability and storage stability, and its application of soybean oil improves the efficiency of the oil.

O2-Generating Fluorescent Carbon Dot-Decorated MnO2 Nanosheets for "Off/On" MR/Fluorescence Imaging and Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy.

Imaging-guided photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a promising protocol for cancer theragnostic. However, facile preparation of such a theranostic system for simultaneously achieving tumor location, real-time monitoring, and high-performance reactive oxygen species generation is highly desirable but remains challenging. Herein, we developed a reasonable tumor-targeting strategy based on carbon dots (CDs)-decorated MnO2 nanosheets (HA-MnO2-CDs) with an active magnetic resonance (MR)/fluorescence imaging and enhanced PDT effect. Under light irradiation, the addition of HA-MnO2-CDs increased the production of 1O2 by 2.5 times compared with CDs, providing favorable conditions for the PDT treatment effect on breast cancer. Moreover, HA-MnO2-CDs exhibited excellent performance in producing O2 in the presence of endogenous H2O2, which alleviated hypoxia in tumors and improved the therapeutic effect of PDT. In the presence of glutathione (GSH), the degraded MnO2 nanosheets released CDs and Mn2+ from HA-MnO2-CDs, restoring their fluorescence imaging function and increasing T1 relaxivity (r1) by 23 times. In vivo fluorescence and MR imaging suggested the excellent tumor-targeting property of HA-MnO2-CDs. By combining the complementary properties of nanoprobes and tumor microenvironments, the in vivo PDT therapeutic effect was significantly improved under the action of HA-MnO2-CDs. Overall, our reasonably designed HA-MnO2-CDs may inspire the future development of the next generation of high-performance tumor-responsive diagnostic and therapeutic agents to further enhance the targeted therapy effect of tumors.

Engineering Fluorine-rich Double Protective Layer on Zn Anode for Highly Reversible Aqueous Zinc-ion Batteries.

The high thermodynamic instability and side reactions of Zn-metal anode (ZMA), especially at high current densities, greatly impede the commercialization of aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs). Herein, a fluorine-rich double protective layer strategy is proposed to obtain the high reversibility of AZIBs through the introduction of a versatile tetradecafluorononane-1,9-diol (TDFND) additive in aqueous electrolyte. TDFND molecule with large adsorption energy (-1.51 eV) preferentially absorbs on the Zn anode surface to form a Zn(OR)2 - (R=-CH2 -(CF2 )7 -CH2 -) cross-linking complex network, which balances space electric field and controls the Zn2+ ion flux, thus enabling the uniform and compact deposition of Zn (002) crystal planes. Meanwhile, TDFND with low Lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO, 0.10 eV) energy level is priorly decomposed to regulate the interfacial chemistry of ZMA by building a ZnF2 -rich solid electrode/electrolyte interface (SEI) layer. It is found that a 14 nm-thick SEI layer delivers excellent structural integrity to suppress parasitic reactions by blocking the direct contact of active water and ZMA. Consequently, the Zn electrode exhibits a superior cycling life over 430 h at 10 mA cm-2 and a high average Coulombic efficiency of 99.8 % at 5 mA cm-2 . Furthermore, a 68 mAh pouch cell delivers 80.3 % capacity retention for 1000 cycles.

Significant response to transarterial chemoembolization combined with PD-1 inhibitor and apatinib for advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: A case report and literature review.

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a highly aggressive malignancy rising from the biliary tree with poor prognosis. We report the feasibility and efficacy of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with PD-1 inhibitor and apatinib for the treatment of a patient with unresectable ICC. A 70-year-old female presented with intermittent right upper abdominal distension, abdominal pain, and vomiting after eating for more than one month. Enhanced computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan revealed multiple intrahepatic lesions, retroperitoneal lymph node, and left lung metastasis. Based on the patient's medical history and pathology, the diagnosis was confirmed as locally advanced unresectable ICC. Multimodal therapy was applied to the ICC. The therapy comprised TACE every three months, and a combination regimen of the PD-1 inhibitor camrelizumab and the antiangiogenic agent apatinib. The patient underwent microwave ablation for a lesion on the left lung that had not responded to systemic therapies. Enhanced CT scan after every 2-3 months was performed. After several sessions, the primary lesion reduced dramatically in size. At 20 months from diagnosis, the patient was alive, in good condition, and stable. The patient experienced no critical complications and toxicity associated with the administered therapies. This case suggests that treatment with TACE combined with systemic therapy of camrelizumab combined with apatinib may be a safe and effective treatment option for patients with inoperable ICC.

Highly Reversible Intercalation of Calcium Ions in Layered Vanadium Compounds Enabled by Acetonitrile-Water Hybrid Electrolyte.

Currently, the development of calcium-ion batteries (CIBs) is still in its infancy and greatly plagued by the absence of satisfactory cathode materials and compatible electrolytes. Herein, an acetonitrile-water hybrid electrolyte is first developed in CIB chemistry, in which, the strong lubricating and shielding effect of water solvent significantly boosts the swift transport of bulky Ca2+, thus contributing to large capacity storage of Ca2+ in layered vanadium oxides (Ca0.25V2O5·nH2O, CVO). Meanwhile, the acetonitrile component noticeably suppresses the dissolution of vanadium species during repeated Ca2+-ion uptake/release, endowing the CVO cathode with a robust cycle life. More importantly, spectral characterization and molecular dynamics simulation confirm that the water molecules are well stabilized by the mutual hydrogen bonding with acetonitrile molecules (O-H···N), endowing the aqueous hybrid electrolyte with high electrochemical stability. By using this aqueous hybrid electrolyte, the CVO electrode shows a high specific discharge capacity of 158.2 mAh g-1 at 0.2 A g-1, an appealing capacity of 104.6 mAh g-1 at a high rate of 5 A g-1, and a capacity retention of 95% after 2000 cycles at 1.0 A g-1, which is a record-high performance for CIBs reported so far. A mechanistic study exemplifies the reversible extraction of Ca2+ from the gap of VO polyhedral layers, which are accompanied by the reversible V-O and V-V skeleton change as well as reversible variation of layer spacing. This work constitutes a major advance in developing high-performance Ca-ion batteries.

Early enlarging cavitation after percutaneous microwave ablation of primary lung cancer.

PURPOSE: This retrospective study assessed the incidence rate, risk factors, and clinical course of early enlarging cavitation after percutaneous microwave ablation (MWA) of primary lung cancer (PLC). METHODS: This study included 557 lesions of 514 patients with PLC who underwent CT-guided percutaneous MWA between 1 January 2018 and 31 December 2021. Of these patients, 29 developed early enlarging cavitation and were enrolled in the cavity group, and 173 were randomly enrolled in the control group. Early enlarging cavitation of the lung was defined as the development of a cavity ≥30 mm within 7 days after MWA. RESULTS: Overall, 31 (5.57%, 31/557 tumors) early enlarging cavitations occurred at an average of 5.83 ± 1.55 d after MWA. The risk factors were lesion contact with a large vessel (diameter ≥3 mm), lesion contact with the bronchus (diameter ≥2 mm), and a large ablated parenchymal volume. The cavity group had a higher incidence rate of delayed hydropneumothorax (12.9%) and bronchopleural fistula (9.68%) than the control group, resulting in a longer hospitalization (9.09 ± 5.26 days). Until Dec 31, 2022, 27 cavities disappeared after a mean of 217.88 ± 78.57 d (range, 111-510 d), two persisted, and two were lost to follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Early enlarging cavitation occurred in 5.57% PLC cases that underwent MWA, causing serve complications and longer hospitalization. The risk factors were ablated lesion contact with large vessels and bronchi, as well as a larger ablated parenchymal volume.

Cross-linked polyaniline for production of long lifespan aqueous iron||organic batteries with electrochromic properties.

Aqueous iron batteries are appealing candidates for large-scale energy storage due to their safety and low-cost aspects. However, the development of aqueous Fe batteries is hindered by their inadequate long-term cycling stability. Here, we propose the synthesis and application as positive electrode active material of cross-linked polyaniline (C-PANI). We use melamine as the crosslinker to improve the electronical conductivity and electrochemical stability of the C-PANI. Indeed, when the C-PANI is tested in combination with a Fe metal negative electrode and 1 M iron trifluoromethanesulfonate (Fe(TOF)2) electrolyte solution, the coin cell can deliver a specific capacity of about 110 mAh g-1 and an average discharge voltage of 0.55 V after 39,000 cycles at 25 A g-1 with a test temperature of 28 °C ± 1 °C. Furthermore, mechanistic studies suggest that Fe2+ ions are bonded to TOF- anions to form positively charged complexes Fe(TOF)+, which are stored with protons in the C-PANI electrode structures. Finally, we also demonstrate the use of C-PANI in combination with a polymeric hydrogel electrolyte to produce a flexible reflective electrochromic lab-scale iron battery prototype.