RESUMEN
The NAC transcription factor family is one of the largest families of TFs in plants, and members of NAC gene family play important roles in plant growth and stress response. Recent release of the haplotype-resolved genome assembly of P. tomentosa provide a platform for NAC protein genome-wide analysis. A total of 270 NAC genes were identified and a comprehensive overview of the PtoNAC gene family is presented, including gene promoter, structure and conserved motif analyses, chromosome localization and collinearity analysis, protein phylogeny, expression pattern, and interaction analysis. The results indicate that protein length, molecular weight, and theoretical isoelectric points of the NAC TF family vary, while gene structure and motif are relatively conserved. Chromosome mapping analysis showed that the P. tomentosa NAC genes are unevenly distributed on 19 chromosomes. The interchromosomal evolutionary results indicate 12 pairs of tandem and 280 segmental duplications. Segmental duplication is possibly related to amplification of P. tomentosa NAC gene family. Expression patterns of 35 PtoNAC genes from P. tomentosa subgroup were analysed under high salinity, and seven NAC genes were induced by this treatment. Promoter and protein interaction network analyses showed that PtoNAC genes are closely associated with growth, development, and abiotic and biotic stress, especially salt stress. These results provide a meaningful reference for follow-up studies of the functional characteristics of NAC genes in the mechanism of stress response and their potential roles in development of P. tomentosa.
Asunto(s)
Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Familia de Multigenes , Filogenia , Proteínas de Plantas , Populus , Estrés Salino , Factores de Transcripción , Populus/genética , Populus/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Estrés Salino/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas/genética , Genoma de Planta , Cromosomas de las Plantas/genética , Mapeo CromosómicoRESUMEN
Current therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer's disease (AD) target amyloid-beta (Aß) fibrils and high molecular weight protofibrils associated with plaques, but other bioactive species may directly contribute to neural systems failure in AD. Employing hippocampal electrophysiological recordings and dynamic calcium imaging across the sleep-wake cycle in young mice expressing human Aß and Aß oligomers, we reveal marked impairments of hippocampal function long before amyloid plaques predominate. In slow wave sleep (SWS), Aß increased the proportion of hypoactive cells and reduced place-cell reactivation. During awake behavior, Aß impaired theta-gamma phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) and drove excessive synchronization of place cell calcium fluctuations with hippocampal theta. Remarkably, the on-line impairment of hippocampal theta-gamma PAC correlated with the SWS impairment of place-cell reactivation. Together, these results identify toxic effects of Aß on memory encoding and consolidation processes before robust plaque deposition and support targeting soluble Aß-related species to treat and prevent AD.
RESUMEN
Objective: To correlate the common driver gene variations in primary lung adenocarcinoma with their clinical characteristics and histopathological subtypes. Methods: There were 4 995 cases of primary lung adenocarcinoma diagnosed at Weifang People's Hospital of Shandong Province from January 2015 to December 2021 which were retrospectively analyzed. Among them 1 983 cases were evaluated for their histopathological subtype; 3 012 were analyzed for the correlation of their histopathological subtypes and corresponding driver gene variations, including invasive non-mucinous adenocarcinoma (INMA) and invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (IMA), and morphologically, poorly-differentiated, moderately-differentiated and well-differentiated adenocarcinomas. Next-generation sequencing was used to detect variations in EGFR, KRAS, ALK, RET, ROS1, MET, HER2, or BRAF driver genes. Results: There were 2 384 males and 2 611 females. EGFR and ALK variations were more commonly found in female patients aged 60 years or older, with EGFR mutation rate in clinical stage â (25.80%) significantly higher than in other stages (P<0.05). KRAS mutations were more commonly detected in male smokers aged 60 years or older, HER2 mutations were more commonly in patients younger than 60 years, and RET mutations were more commonly in non-smokers (all P<0.05). No correlation was found between ROS1, MET, and BRAF gene variations and their clinical characteristics (P>0.05). For the histopathological subtypes, among the 1 899 cases of acinar adenocarcinoma, EGFR mutation rate was the highest (67.30%) compared to the other genes. Exon 21 L858R and exon 19 del were the main mutation sites in IMA and INMA, with a higher mutation rate at exon 20 T790M (11.63%) in micropapillary adenocarcinoma. In IMA, KRAS had the highest overall mutation rate (43.80%), with statistically significant difference in mutation rates of exon 2 G12D and exon 2 G12V in acinar adenocarcinoma, solid, and IMA (P<0.05). KRAS mutation at various sites were higher in poorly differentiated groups compared to moderately- and well-differentiated groups (P<0.05). HER2 mutations were more commonly observed in acinar adenocarcinoma, papillary, and micropapillary adenocarcinoma of INMA. BRAF mutation was higher in micropapillary adenocarcinoma compared with other types (P<0.05). Conclusions: Variations in EGFR, ALK, KRAS, HER2, and RET in primary lung adenocarcinoma are associated with patients' age, smoking history, and clinical stage, and driver gene mutations vary among different histopathological subtypes. EGFR mutations are predominant in INMA, while KRAS mutations are predominant in IMA.
Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma del Pulmón , Quinasa de Linfoma Anaplásico , Receptores ErbB , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Mutación , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas B-raf , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas p21(ras) , Receptor ErbB-2 , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Masculino , Adenocarcinoma del Pulmón/genética , Adenocarcinoma del Pulmón/patología , Femenino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Quinasa de Linfoma Anaplásico/genética , Receptores ErbB/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas B-raf/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas p21(ras)/genética , Receptor ErbB-2/genética , Receptor ErbB-2/metabolismo , Proteínas Tirosina Quinasas/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-ret/genética , Adenocarcinoma/genética , Adenocarcinoma/patología , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas/genética , Adenocarcinoma Mucinoso/genética , Adenocarcinoma Mucinoso/patología , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
The development of large-scale, high-quality ferroelectric semiconductor nanowire arrays with interesting light-emitting properties can address limitations in traditional wide-bandgap ferroelectrics, thus serving as building blocks for innovative device architectures and next-generation high-density optoelectronics. Here, we investigate the optical properties of ferroelectric CsGeX3 (X = Br, I) halide perovskite nanowires that are epitaxially grown on muscovite mica substrates by vapor phase deposition. Detailed structural characterizations reveal an incommensurate heteroepitaxial relationship with the mica substrate. Furthermore, photoluminescence that can be tuned from yellow-green to red emissions by varying the halide composition demonstrates that these nanowire networks can serve as platforms for future optoelectronic applications. In addition, the room-temperature ferroelectricity and ferroelectric domain structures of these nanowires are characterized using second harmonic generation (SHG) polarimetry. The combination of room-temperature ferroelectricity with photoluminescence in these nanowire arrays unlocks new avenues for the design of novel multifunctional materials.
RESUMEN
Predatory bacteria feed upon other bacteria in various environments. Bdellovibrio exovorus is an obligate epibiotic predator that attaches on the prey cell surface, where it grows and proliferates. Although the mechanisms allowing feeding through the prey cell envelope are unknown, it has been proposed that the prey's proteinaceous S-layer may act as a defensive structure against predation. Here, we use time-lapse and cryo-electron microscopy to image the lifecycle of B. exovorus feeding on Caulobacter crescentus. We show that B. exovorus proliferates by non-binary division, primarily generating three daughter cells. Moreover, the predator feeds on C. crescentus regardless of the presence of an S-layer, challenging its assumed protective role against predators. Finally, we show that apparently secure junctions are established between prey and predator outer membranes.
Asunto(s)
Bdellovibrio , Caulobacter crescentus , Membrana Celular , Microscopía por Crioelectrón , Caulobacter crescentus/fisiología , Caulobacter crescentus/ultraestructura , Bdellovibrio/fisiología , Membrana Celular/ultraestructura , Membrana Celular/metabolismo , Proteínas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Imagen de Lapso de TiempoRESUMEN
The metal-halide ionic octahedron is the optoelectronic unit for halide perovskites, and a crown ether-assisted supramolecular assembly approach can pack various ionic octahedra into tunable symmetries. In this work, we demonstrate near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) blue and green emission with the supramolecular assembly of hafnium (Hf) and zirconium (Zr) halide octahedral clusters. (18C6@K)2HfBr6 powders showed blue emission with a near-unity PLQY (96.2%), and green emission was also achieved with (18C6@K)2ZrCl4Br2 powders at a PLQY of 82.7%. These highly emissive powders feature facile low-temperature solution-based synthesis conditions and maintain high PLQY in solution-processable semiconductor inks under ambient conditions, and they were used in thin-film displays and emissive three-dimensional-printed architectures that exhibited high spatial resolution.
RESUMEN
Background South Africa has a high prevalence of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PLWH) who have shown to affect the prevalence and severity of infection and sepsis particularly gallbladder disease. Empirical Antimicrobial (EA) therapy for acute cholecystitis (AC) is based largely on bacteria colonisation of bile (bacteriobilia) and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns (antibiograms) obtained from the developed world where the prevalence of PLWH is very low. In an ever-emerging era of increasing antimicrobial resistance, monitoring and updating local antibiograms is underscored. Objective Due to the paucity of data available locally to guide treatment we found it pertinent to examine gallbladder bile for bacteriobilia and antibiograms in a setting with a high prevalence of PLWH to determine if this may demand a review of our local antimicrobial policies for gallbladder infections for both EA and pre-operative antimicrobial prophylaxis (PAP) for laparoscopic cholecystectomies (LC). Methodology A retrospective observational descriptive study was undertaken at King Edward VIII Hospital, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Hospital records were reviewed for all patients undergoing cholecystectomy over a 3-year period. Gallbladder bacteriobilia and antibiograms were assessed and compared between PLWH and HIV uninfected (HIV-U). Pre-operative age, ERCP, PCT, CRP and NLR were used as predictors for bacteriobilia. Statistical analyses were performed using R Project and p values of less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Results There were no differences in bacteriobilia or antibiograms between PLWH and HIV-U. There was >30% resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanate and cephalosporins. Aminoglycoside-based therapy, had good susceptibility patterns whilst carbapenem-based therapy demonstrated the lowest resistance levels. ERCP and age were predictors of bacteriobilia (p<0.001 and 0.002 respectively). PCT, CRP and NLR were not. Conclusion PLWH should follow the same PAP and EA recommendations as HIV-U. For EA, we recommend, a combination of amoxicillin/clavulanate with aminoglycoside-based therapy (amikacin or gentamycin) or piperacillin/tazobactam as monotherapy. Carbapenem-based therapy should be reserved for drug resistant species. For PAP, we recommend the routine use in older patients and patients with history of ERCP undergoing LC.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de la Vesícula Biliar , Infecciones por VIH , Anciano , Humanos , Aminoglicósidos , Combinación Amoxicilina-Clavulanato de Potasio , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Carbapenémicos , Enfermedades de la Vesícula Biliar/tratamiento farmacológico , VIH , Infecciones por VIH/complicaciones , Infecciones por VIH/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por VIH/epidemiología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Sudáfrica/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The ethnic and sex differences in the distributions of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) among adults are largely unknown. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the percentiles of BMI and WC in groups divided according to age, sex, and ethnicity. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a population-based binational study of adults aged ≥20 years based on data from two sources: US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2015 to 2020) and Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016 to 2019). RESULTS: Weight, height, and WC were measured in 13,144 American adults and 30,191 Korean adults. Overall, BMI increased at younger ages and decreased at older ages, which indicates a reversed U-shaped relationship, and differed in terms of age, sex, and ethnicity. Women in the other Hispanic, non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, and "other ethnic groups" showed a common BMI peak at ages 50-54 years. The patterns of WC distribution were similar to those of BMI distribution. CONCLUSIONS: In this binational representative study, we found varied distributions of ethnic and sex differences in BMI and WC. Considering the differences in these distributions may help improve individual and personalized treatment strategies.
Asunto(s)
Obesidad , Caracteres Sexuales , Adulto , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Índice de Masa Corporal , Circunferencia de la Cintura , Obesidad/epidemiología , Encuestas Nutricionales , República de CoreaRESUMEN
Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics and to explore the prognostic factors of acute pulmonary embolism(APE) with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation(AF). Methods: The medical records of inpatients with APE discharged from Beijing Anzhen Hospital between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. The clinical symptoms, complications, laboratory results, echocardiographic parameters, simplified pulmonary embolism severity index (sPESI) and adverse in-hospital outcome were compared between the newly diagnosed AF group and the sinus rhythm group. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the risk factors of adverse in-hospital outcome with APE. Results: Fifty-one patients were included in newly diagnosed AF group and 102 cases in the sinus rhythm group. The patients in newly diagnosed AF group had greater sPESI scores, higher proportion of sPESI≥2 scores, higher incidence of adverse in-hospital outcome as well as longer hospital stay days. Newly diagnosed AF and sPESI≥2 scores were independent predictors affecting adverse in-hospital outcome. The area under ROC curve in newly diagnosed AF combined with sPESI≥2 scores was largest. Conclusions: The APE patients with newly diagnosed AF were more severely ill and prone to in-hospital adverse outcome. Newly diagnosed AF was an independent predictor affecting adverse in-hospital outcome. sPESI≥2 combined with newly diagnosed AF scores had a high predictive value for the occurrence of in-hospital adverse outcome.
Asunto(s)
Fibrilación Atrial , Hominidae , Embolia Pulmonar , Humanos , Animales , Pronóstico , Fibrilación Atrial/complicaciones , Fibrilación Atrial/diagnóstico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Embolia Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Enfermedad Aguda , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Medición de RiesgoRESUMEN
Research in the field of local and locoregional breast cancer radiotherapy aims to maintain excellent oncological outcomes while reducing treatment-related toxicity. Adaptive radiotherapy (ART) considers variations in target and organs at risk (OARs) anatomy occurring during the treatment course and integrates these in re-optimized treatment plans. Exploiting ART routinely in clinic may result in smaller target volumes and better OAR sparing, which may lead to reduction of acute as well as late toxicities. In this review MR-guided and CT-guided ART for breast cancer patients according to different clinical scenarios (neoadjuvant and adjuvant partial breast irradiation, whole breast, chest wall and regional nodal irradiation) are reviewed and their advantages as well as challenging aspects discussed.
RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The quality of referrals is often criticized, and the effectiveness of improvement efforts remains uncertain. We assessed the impact of a rheumatologist triaging patients in primary care on the appropriateness of referrals to secondary care, healthcare utilization, and patient experience and outcomes. METHOD: A cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted with patients experiencing musculoskeletal complaints. Intervention practices deployed an experienced rheumatologist triaging patients through in-person review. Usual care was performed in control practices, where practitioners referred patients based on their own judgement. The primary outcome was the proportion of inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRDs) diagnosed by rheumatologists in referred patients. Healthcare utilization (iMTA Medical Consumption Questionnaire), quality of life (EuroQol 5 Dimensions), and experience of care (Consumer Quality Index) were determined after 3 months of follow-up. Data were analysed according to the intention-to-treat principle. RESULTS: In total, 544 participants were included [mean age 51.4 (range 18-87) years; 24% were men]. Of all referred patients, 51% had an IRD in the intervention group versus 21% in the control group (p = 0.035). After 3 months of follow-up, patients from the triage intervention showed lower healthcare utilization (p = 0.006) and higher quality of life (p = 0.011), without a decline in experienced quality of care (p = 0.712), compared to controls. CONCLUSION: Triage by a rheumatologist in primary care provides appropriate care and adequate experience of care, leading to a higher quality of life. Long-term evidence is needed to assess the value on cost-effectiveness before implementing this strategy nationwide.
Asunto(s)
Reumatólogos , Atención Secundaria de Salud , Masculino , Humanos , Adolescente , Adulto Joven , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Triaje , Calidad de Vida , Derivación y Consulta , Análisis Costo-BeneficioRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide. Increasing evidence suggests that the dysregulation of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) is involved in the development of various cancers. However, there is a paucity of studies investigating the roles of RBPs in HCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data on HCC samples were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases (available at: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo), and data regarding human RBPs were integrated from SONAR, XRNAX, and CARIC results. We identified modules associated with prognosis using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and performed functional enrichment analysis. Univariate and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analyses were used to identify prognostic RBPs and establish a prediction model. According to the median risk score, we separated patients into high- and low-risk groups and investigated the differences in immune cell infiltration, somatic mutations, and gene set enrichment. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to identify prognostic factors for HCC. A nomogram was constructed, and its performance was evaluated with calibration curves. RESULTS: Sixteen RBPs (MEX3A, TTK, MRPL53, IQGAP3, PFN2, IMPDH1, TCOF1, DYNC1LI1, EIF2B4, NOL10, GNL2, EIF1B, PSMD1, AHSA1, SEC61A1, and YBX1) were identified as prognostic genes, and a prognostic model was established. Survival analysis indicated that the model had good predictive performance and that a high-risk score was significantly related to a poor prognosis. Additionally, there were significant differences in immune cell infiltration, somatic mutations, and gene set enrichment between the high- and low-risk groups. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses indicated that the RBP-based signature was an independent prognostic factor for HCC. The nomogram based on 16 RBPs performed well in predicting the overall survival of HCC patients. CONCLUSIONS: The RBP-based signature is an independent prognostic factor for HCC, and this study could provide an innovative method for analyzing prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for HCC.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Proteínas de Unión al ARN , Humanos , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/diagnóstico , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/genética , Dineínas Citoplasmáticas , Proteínas Activadoras de GTPasa , Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/genética , Nomogramas , Fosfoproteínas , Profilinas , Pronóstico , Proteínas de Unión al ARN/genéticaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to provide an analysis of A. baumannii complex (ABC) isolated from blood cultures in South Africa. MATERIALS AND METHODS: ABC surveillance was conducted from 1 April 2017 to 30 September 2019 at 19 hospital sites from blood cultures of any age and sex. Organism identification was performed using the MALDI-TOF MS and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST), MicroScan Walkaway System. We confirmed colistin resistance with Sensititre, FRCOL panel, and selected for whole-genome sequencing. RESULTS: During the study period, we identified 4822 cases of ABC, of which 2152 cases were from 19 enhanced surveillance sites were reported during the enhanced surveillance period (1 August 2018 to 30 September 2019). Males accounted for 54% (2611/4822). Of the cases with known age, 41% (1968/4822) were infants (< 1-year-old). Seventy-eight percent (1688/2152) of cases had a known hospital outcome, of which 36% (602/1688) died. HIV status was known for 69% (1168/1688) of cases, and 14% (238/1688) were positive. Eighty-two percent (1389/1688) received antimicrobial treatment in admission. Three percent (35/1389) of cases received single colistin. Four percent (75/2033) were resistant to colistin. At least 75% of the isolates (1530/2033) can be classified as extensively drug-resistant (XDR), with resistance to most antibiotics except for colistin. The majority, 83% (20/24), of the colistin-resistant isolates were of the sequence type (ST) 1. Resistance genes, both plasmid- and chromosomal- mediated were not observed. Although all isolates had, nine efflux pump genes related to antimicrobial resistance. CONCLUSION: Our surveillance data contributed to a better understanding of the natural course of A. baumannii disease, the patient characteristics among infants, and the level of resistance. At least two-thirds of the isolates were extensively drug-resistant, and four percent of isolates were resistant to colistin.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Acinetobacter , Acinetobacter baumannii , Infecciones por Acinetobacter/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por Acinetobacter/epidemiología , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Colistina/farmacología , Colistina/uso terapéutico , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple/genética , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Sudáfrica/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Global concerns about antimicrobial resistance have accelerated the development of antimicrobial stewardship programmes (ASPs) to improve the safety and quality of clinical care. Nurses have important roles in antimicrobial stewardship (AS). AIM: To assess Korean nurses' attitudes toward AS and compare differences in nurses' attitudes toward antimicrobial use and resistance by organizational factors. METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study analysed online survey data for 1142 nurses. Nurses' attitudes were compared by organizational factors using analysis of variance. FINDINGS: Approximately half of the nurses reported that they were familiar with and knowledgeable about the term AS. Most of the respondents agreed that a strong knowledge of antimicrobials is essential, that ASPs are important in their healthcare settings, and that they should be involved in interventions to improve antimicrobial use. Nurses often relied on peer nurses or internet resources when questions arose about the care for infectious disease patients. Nurses working at large hospitals or those who had easy access to infectious disease specialists had more insightful attitudes about antimicrobial use and resistance. CONCLUSION: Hospitals need to provide educational programmes on the appropriate use of antimicrobials and antimicrobial resistance for nurses. Comprehensive approaches, including ASPs and contact systems with infectious disease specialists, could increase nurses' accessibility to scientific evidence regarding antimicrobial use. National-level approaches should be implemented to establish ASPs in healthcare settings with limited resources.
Asunto(s)
Antiinfecciosos , Programas de Optimización del Uso de los Antimicrobianos , Enfermedades Transmisibles , Enfermeras y Enfermeros , Humanos , Estudios Transversales , República de Corea , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Antiinfecciosos/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades Transmisibles/tratamiento farmacológico , ActitudRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Percutaneous sacroplasty is a variation of percutaneous vertebroplasty that has gained attention as a therapeutic option for patients with painful sacral insufficiency fractures due to osteoporosis or metastases. Additionally, percutaneous sacroplasty can also be used to treat painful sacral metastases without a pathologic fracture. The purpose of this retrospective study was to compare the efficacy and safety of fluoroscopy-guided percutaneous sacroplasty alone versus percutaneous sacroplasty plus radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of painful sacral metastases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For this retrospective study, 126 patients (with a total of 162 painful sacral metastases) were enrolled from October 2012 to February 2021 and assigned to receive either percutaneous sacroplasty plus radiofrequency ablation (n = 51, group A) or percutaneous sacroplasty alone (n = 75, group B). Four different approaches were used for percutaneous sacroplasty: transiliac, interpedicular, anterior-oblique, and posterior. The Visual Analog Scale, Oswestry Disability Index, and Karnofsky Performance Scale were used to evaluate outcomes. RESULTS: The Visual Analog Scale, Oswestry Disability Index, and Karnofsky Performance Scale scores showed significant improvement in both groups after treatment (P < .05). The overall pain relief rate was significantly better in group A than in group B (90% versus 76%, P = .032). There were no significant differences in the incidence of polymethylmethacrylate leakage between the 2 groups or among the 4 different approaches (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS: Both percutaneous sacroplasty alone and the combination of percutaneous sacroplasty and radiofrequency ablation are safe and effective for treatment of painful sacral metastases. The combination of percutaneous sacroplasty and radiofrequency ablation appears to be more effective than percutaneous sacroplasty alone.
Asunto(s)
Osteoporosis , Fracturas de la Columna Vertebral , Humanos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Cementos para Huesos/uso terapéutico , Dolor/tratamiento farmacológico , Dolor/etiología , Dolor/patología , Osteoporosis/complicaciones , Fracturas de la Columna Vertebral/diagnóstico por imagen , Fracturas de la Columna Vertebral/cirugía , Sacro/cirugía , Sacro/lesionesRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The GenoType MTBDRsl v2 is a molecular test designed for the rapid detection of resistance to second-line anti-TB drugs in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC).OBJECTIVE: To assess the use of MTBDRsl in a programmatic setting and to describe the resistance patterns in a high HIV-TB-endemic area in South Africa.METHODS: We performed a retrospective data analysis of all MTBDRsl results in patients with newly diagnosed rifampicin-resistant TB (RR-TB). We compared its performance on direct testing of smear-positive and smear-negative specimens. Results were examined to observe the detected resistance-conferring mutations.RESULTS: Of 1873 RR-TB/multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB), 37.4% were smear-negative and 62.5% were smear-positive. Among smear-negative specimens, the MTBDRsl showed an inconclusive rate of 61.2%, while the inconclusive rate from smear-positive specimens was 6.6%. The most common mutation observed in case of fluoroquinolone resistance occurred at the gyrA gene, codon 90 (A90V) (61/158, 38.6%), and the most common mutation in injectable aminoglycoside resistance occurred in the rrs region, A1401G (71/108, 65.7%).CONCLUSION: In HIV-TB-prevalent settings, routine use of the MTBDRsl is more effective when performed directly on smear-positive specimens. In view of currently used injectable-free regimens, this test requires revision.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por VIH , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Tuberculosis Resistente a Múltiples Medicamentos , Humanos , Antituberculosos/uso terapéutico , Genotipo , Infecciones por VIH/epidemiología , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genética , Estudios Retrospectivos , Rifampin/uso terapéutico , Sudáfrica/epidemiología , Tuberculosis Resistente a Múltiples Medicamentos/diagnósticoRESUMEN
Both weight gain and weight loss in type 2 diabetic population were associated with increased risk of hip fracture, while maintaining weight lowered the risk of hip fracture. Regarding the risk of hip fracture, we can propose active monitoring to maintain the weight of type 2 diabetes patients. INTRODUCTION: In type 2 diabetes, patients are often asked to control their weight in order to reduce their diabetic morbidity. The American Diabetes Association recommends that diabetic patients conduct high-intensity interventions for regulating diet, physical activity, and behavior to reduce weight, followed by long-term comprehensive weight maintenance programs. Although such weight control attempts are required in diabetic patients, there are few studies on the effect of weight change on hip fracture in this population. We aim to investigate the association between body weight change and the incidence of hip fracture in subjects with type 2 diabetes using large-scale, nationwide cohort data on the Korean population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 1,447,579 subjects (894,204 men and 553,375 women) > 40 years of age, who were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, were enrolled in this study. Weight change within 2 years was divided into five categories: from weight loss ≥ 10% to weight gain ≥ 10%. The hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals for the incidence of hip fracture were analyzed, compared with the reference of the stable weight group (weight change < 5%). RESULTS: Among 5 weight change groups, more than 10% weight loss showed the highest HR (HR, 1.605; 95% CI, 1.493 to 1.725), followed by more than 10% weight gain (HR, 1.457; 95% CI, 1.318 to 1.612). The effect of weight change on hip fracture risk was greater in males than in females, and those under 65 years of age were greater than those over 65 years of age. Baseline BMI did not play a role of weight change affecting the risk of hip fracture. The HR for hip fracture of subjects with regular exercise was lower than those without regular exercise. CONCLUSIONS: In the type 2 diabetes population, both weight gain and weight loss were significantly associated with a higher risk of hip fracture, whereas maintaining body weight reduced the risk of hip fracture the most.
Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Fracturas de Cadera , Anciano , Estudios de Cohortes , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicaciones , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiología , Femenino , Fracturas de Cadera/complicaciones , Fracturas de Cadera/etiología , Humanos , Masculino , Factores de Riesgo , Aumento de Peso , Pérdida de PesoRESUMEN
Bleeding in spine surgery is a common occurrence but when bleeding is uncontrolled the consequences can be severe due to the potential for spinal cord compression and damage to the central nervous system. There are many factors that influence bleeding during spine surgery including patient factors and those related to the type of surgery and the surgical approach to bleeding. There are a range of methods that can be employed to both reduce the risk of bleeding and achieve hemostasis, one of which is the adjunct use of hemostatic agents. Hemostatic agents are available in a variety of forms and materials and with considerable variation in cost, but specific evidence to support their use in spine surgery is sparse. A literature review was conducted to identify the pre-, peri-, and postsurgical considerations around bleeding in spine surgery. The review generated a set of recommendations that were discussed and ratified by a wider expert group of spine surgeons. The results are intended to provide a practical guide to the selection of hemostats for specific bleeding situations that may be encountered in spine surgery.